我国环境污染与居民恶性肿瘤发病及死亡的灰色关联度分析

收集2003-2012年三个区域:全国区域、城市区域、农村区域的恶性肿瘤发病及死亡率和污染物数据,采用灰色关联分析方法计算了不同区域与不同污染物的综合关联度,并对污染物致恶性肿瘤死亡的潜伏期作了定量分析.研究结果表明:1)氨氮排放量和二氧化硫对我国三个不同区域居民恶性肿瘤发病和死亡率的影响最大;2)污染物与恶性肿瘤发病率的关联度跟区域无关,但是污染物与恶性肿瘤死亡率的关联度城市明显大于农村,污染物与恶性肿瘤死亡率的关联度男性明显大于女性;3)氨氮和二氧化硫导致居民恶性肿瘤死亡的潜伏期分别为:2和1年.     

对应分析在恶性肿瘤死亡率分析中的应用

应用对应分析对 1996年福建省主要恶性肿瘤与地区分布资料进行分析 ,通过因子载荷系数将样品与变量点画在同一张因子载荷图上 ,从而能直观看出这些地区的癌谱特点。在研究样品与变量间关系时 ,对应分析有着一定的优越性。     

地区恶性肿瘤死亡率的对应分析

目的—了解山东省某县2000-2002年恶性肿瘤的地区分布和肿瘤类型分布特征.方法—应用分组对应分析对该县恶性肿瘤死亡资料进行分析.结果—得到各地区和各肿瘤类型的公因子及其负荷系数,并根据第一、二因子负荷系数绘制因子负荷平面图,可以清楚看出恶性肿瘤死亡率的聚集性及其高发地与低发地的分布.结论—将变量与样本结合起来的对应分析是对因子分析的有益补充,它可以分析二维数据阵的行因素与列因素之关系,达到研究目的.     

我国职业教育层次结构对产业结构升级影响的实证研究

本文基于2009-2020年我国东中西部地区的面板数据,利用系统广义矩估计法分析了产业结构升级受职业教育层次结构的影响。实证结果表明:我国产业结构升级受职业教育的影响较大,并且不同地区对人力资本的需求不同;中等职业教育师资力量对西部地区产业结构升级有显著正向影响,高等职业教育师资力量对东中部地区产业结构升级有显著正向影响,东中西部地区在职业教育方面的投入对产业结构升级具有显著的正向影响,而不同层次结构的职业教育规模对东中西部地区产业结构升级的影响不同。     

黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区淋巴瘤病理特征、IgM 表达及与MYD88 L265P突变的相关性研究

目的 探讨不同部位黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区淋巴瘤（MALT 淋巴瘤）的病理特征、并分析IgM 表达与MYD88 L265P 突变的相关性。方法 对发生在不同部位的65 例MALT淋巴瘤患者的标本进行病理组织学及免疫组化分析,选取其中可行分子生物学研究的26 例标本进行IgM 表达检测,以测序法检测了MYD88 L265P 的突变状况,并研究了IgM 表达与MYD88 L265P 突变间的相关性。结果 65 例患者的病变部位包括胃18 例、涎腺10 例、肺9 例、肠道8 例、眼7 例、甲状腺5 例、其他部位8例。不同器官的病变具有相似的组织学和大部分免疫组化表达,但Bcl-2 的表达在肺（6/9）和甲状腺（2/5）与总体（56/65）相比均有统计学差异（均P ＞0.05）。26 例标本中有16 例IgM 呈阳性,而发生MYD88 L265P 的突变的病例只有1例,两者无相关性（P=0.615）。结论 发生在不同的部位的MALT 淋巴瘤具有相似的病理学特征,MYD88 L265P 的突变率在MALT 淋巴瘤较低,且与IgM 表达无明显相关性。     

多地区情形下制造商渠道选择与定价策略研究

针对国内不同地区间市场差异以及国内的制造商采取地区间差异化定价策略这一现状,构建了传统供应链模式下制造商定价模型,证明了其采取地区差异化定价可以获得更多利润这一结论.研究了跨地区双渠道背景下制造商主导的供应链定价策略问题.分别通过理论和数值计算分析了制造商的3种不同定价策略对制造商和零售商的不同影响,并与基本定价策略下制造商和零售商利润进行比较分析,给出了相关结论.     

小批量生产单件多部位控制时的管理图

当一件产品需要进行多部位控制,而这种产品生产的批量又不大时如何设计管理图,这是一个有待研究的问题。 例如某厂生产大型电机转轴,轴上各部位尺寸图纸规定标准见下表。 倘若对每个部件都设计一张管理图,则一根轴就得画10张管理图。另一方面,由于批量又不大,每一部位画一张管理图也有困难。 本文提出一种方法,在各个不同部位找共同性,在小批量生产中综合少数,形成多数,化十张管理图为一张管理图,这样只要画一张管理图便可解决小批量生产单件多部位控制问题。 设一根加工完毕的轴各部位的实际尺寸为;标号i相应于轴上的第i个部位,每一个不都…     

产业转移与中国环境效率协同效应研究

产业转移促进经济发展,但引起环境问题同样不可小觑.首先应用SBMDEA模型衡量2004-2014年中国其中30个省份环境效率变化趋势.其次,借用面板模型,分析产业转移对于环境效率影响.结果表明:生产性服务业转移促进中国环境效率改善,但不同类型产业转移对于不同区域环境效率影响存在差异;污染产业转移改善东部地区环境效率,恶化中、西部地区环境效率,而生产性服务业转移有利于中、东部地区环境效率提高,对于西部地区环境效率改善却产生负面影响.     

健康体检人群血清 AFP、CEA、CA125、CA19-9检测结果分析

恶性肿瘤性疾病严重危害人类健康,2008年中国肿瘤登记地区的41个登记处的数据显示,恶性肿瘤发病率为299.12/10万（男性330.16/10万,女性267.56/10万）[1]。肿瘤的早期诊断及治疗是提高疗效、延长存活期的关键[2]。随着生活水平的提高,人们对健康越来越重视,定期体检是了解健康状况和发现疾病的重要方法,大多数人都将肿瘤标志物检测作为常规体检项目之一。甲胎蛋白（AFP）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原125（CA125）、糖类抗原19-9（CA19-9）是临床较常用的肿瘤标志物,笔者回顾了2008年我院体检的20655例健康人群肿瘤标志物检测结果,发现血清 AFP、CEA、CA125、CA19-9均存在一定的阳性率,现报道如下。     

考虑地区因素的航空收益管理

对于中国这样一个因地区经济水平不同而造成地区消费差异极度巨大的国家,航空公司应该怎样设置卖票策略使自己的各个航班的效用最大,传统的方法是票价系统因地而异,但这种方法有很大的随意性,并且对订票系统改变较大,操作成本高。本文将采用一个新的方法讨论该问题。首先,引进一个反映地区消费水平的参数,简称地区因子。然后结合一个单阶段航班,建立考虑地区因子的随机动态模型,同时证明了与效用函数相关的一些性质:比例边际效用函数是分别关于时间,待订票数和地区因子的单调增加函数。基于这些性质,对连接不同地域的航班,我们只要调整地区因子,再采用阀值控制策略就能使航班的效用最大且空置率得到有效抑制。最后,给出了一个实例。     

Effect of mass transfer and diffusion of nanofluid on the thermal ablation of malignant cells during magnetic hyperthermia

Malignant cells can be ablated by a specific treatment temperature during magnetic hyperthermia, which is induced by the power dissipation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) inside tumor region under an alternating magnetic field. MNPs contained in nanofluid need to be transferred to tumor region before therapy can begin, and one of the most prominent methods is direct injection. Although different aspects of this area are covered in literature, the study of models which consider the combined effects of nanofluid transport and heat generation on the ablation of malignant cells still lacks enough attention. A complete computational model is developed in this paper to evaluate the survival rate of malignant cells for a proposed geometric model when intratumoral injection of MNPs is considered. The mathematical model incorporates the transport of nanofluid inside the bio-tissue, the heat generation of MNPs during ablation, the heat transfer of bio-tissue, and the cell death probability based on the Arrhenius model. The concentration distribution of nanofluid and the treatment temperature profile inside bio-tissue are obtained by considering the finite element method with the proposed boundary and initial conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the death rate of malignant cells can be considerably improved when a proper critical power dissipation of MNPs is designed and enough diffusion duration is considered for therapy. With further developments, the model may be used for the planning of magnetic hyperthermia.     

Qualitative behavior of systems of tumor–CD4+–cytokine interactions with treatments

Immunotherapies are important methods for controlling and curing malignant tumors. Based on recent observations that many tumors have been immuno‐selected to evade recognition by the traditional cytotoxic T lymphocytes, we propose mathematical models of tumor–CD4⁺–cytokine interactions to investigate the role of CD4⁺ on tumor regression. Treatments of either CD4⁺ or cytokine are applied to study their effectiveness. It is found that doses of treatments are critical in determining the fate of the tumor, and tumor cells can be eliminated completely if doses of cytokine are large. Bistability is observed in models with either of the treatment strategies, which signifies that a careful planning of the treatment strategy is necessary for achieving a satisfactory outcome. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the bladder cancer and the immune response applied to a patient: Evolution and short‐term prediction

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in the urinary system and a highly aggressive neoplasm. The prognosis is not favorable usually, and its evolution for particular patients is very difficult to find out. In this paper, we propose a dynamic mathematical model that describes the bladder tumor growth and the immune response evolution. This model is customized for a single patient, determining appropriate model parameter values via model calibration. Due to the uncertainty of the tumor evolution, using the calibrated model parameters, we predict the tumor size and the immune response evolution over the next few months assuming three different scenarios: favorable, neutral, and unfavorable. In the former, it is not expected any trace of the cancer in the middle of September 2018 (after 16 mo). In the neutral scenario, at the same date, a 7‐ to 8‐mm tumor is expected. In the worst case, a 40‐mm tumor is expected. The patient was cited on 10 September 2018 to check the tumor size, and according to the doctors, there was no sign of recurrence. It seems that we are in the favorable scenario. The patient will be called again for follow‐up in mid‐2019.     

Fast Statistical Surrogates for Dynamical 3D Computer Models of Brain Tumors

Understanding how malignant brain tumors are formed and evolve has direct consequences on the development of efficient methods for their early detection and treatment. Adequate mathematical models for brain tumor growth and invasion can be helpful in clarifying some aspects of the mechanism responsible for the tumor. These mathematical models are typically implemented in computer models, which can be used for computer experimentation to study how changes in inputs, such as growth and diffusion parameters, affect the evolution of the virtual brain tumor. The computer model considered in this article is defined on a three-dimensional (3D) anatomically accurate digital representation of the human brain, which includes white and gray matter, and on a time interval of hundreds of days to realistically simulate the tumor development. Consequently, this computer model is very computationally intensive and only small-size computer experiments can be conducted, corresponding to a small sample of inputs. This article presents a computationally efficient multidimensional kriging method to predict the evolution of the virtual brain tumor at new inputs, conditioned on the virtual brain tumor data available from the small-size computer experiment. The analysis shows that this prediction can be more accurate than a computationally competing model.     

多组判别分析法在恶性卵巢肿瘤B超评分诊断中的应用

为了妇科恶性肿瘤的早期诊断，对病人进行Ｂ型超声波的检查和Ｂ超评分，并把Ｂ超评分数作为初始条件，利用多组判别分析法，将它们划分为良性、过渡性或畸胎瘤和恶性等三类，是利用多元统计分析对妇科恶性肿瘤早期诊断的一种尝试．     

逐步距离判别分析在甲状腺滤泡性腺瘤与滤泡性腺癌的判定中的运用

在认定甲状腺滤泡性腺瘤与滤泡性腺癌的细胞核形态指标存在显著差异的条件下,对两类样本通过逐步判别分析筛选出鉴别能力较强的少数几个指标,并运用距离判别分析建立了甲状腺滤泡性腺瘤与滤泡性腺癌的判别函数,为临床病理诊断提供辅助诊断方法.     

Hypertumors in cancer can be caused by tumor phosphorus demand

In cancer, tumoral and peritumoral environmental conditions are controlled mostly by the unusual metabolism of malignant cells. For example, tumors typically demand much more phosphorus (P) than normal tissue does, primarily because tumor cells upregulate ribosome biogenesis. Here I use mathematical models to show that this unusual demand for P can lead to a hypertumor, which is a region of highly aggressive cells growing parasitically on the original tumor that can kill all or part of it. Previous work has suggested that hypertumors may develop when a tumor is invaded by an aggressive cell type that fails to secrete angiogenesis factors. In this talk I introduce an entirely different mechanism of hypertumor development. In this case, the aggressive strain upregulates phosphate transporters, leading to increased growth potential, which allows tumor cells to outpace growing blood vessels. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The Gompertzian curve reveals fractal properties of tumor growth

The normalized Gompertzian curve reflecting growth of experimental malignant tumors in time can be fitted by the power function y(t)=at^b with the coefficient of nonlinear regression r0.95, in which the exponent b is a temporal fractal dimension, (i.e., a real number), and time t is a scalar. This curve is a fractal, (i.e., fractal dimension b exists, it changes along the time scale, the Gompertzian function is a contractable mapping of the Banach space R of the real numbers, holds the Banach theorem about the fix point, and its derivative is 1). This denotes that not only space occupied by the interacting cancer cells, but also local, intrasystemic time, in which tumor growth occurs, possesses fractal structure. The value of the mean temporal fractal dimension decreases along the curve approaching eventually integer values; a fact consistent with our hypothesis that the fractal structure is lost during tumor progression.