两条Bézier样条的光滑连接

研究了用一条样条曲线把两条不相连接的样条曲线光滑连接起来的问题,给出了连接两条一元n次参数样条曲线为一条新的一元n次参数样条曲线的条件,适用于参数样条曲线添加控制顶点的情形,进一步得到了两条一次、二次、三次Bézier样条曲线在几何连续性下实现自然光滑连接的条件.     

实系数一元三次方程实根的又一个判别式

文[1],[2]分别给出实系数一元三次方程实根的一个判别式,笔者读后深受启发,经过探究发现了一个形式更简洁、判断更方便的判别式,供大家参考.     

一元二次不等式逆向求解策略

<正>利用二次函数、一元二次方程以及一元二次不等式之间的关系,三步即可求出一元二次不等式的解集,即第一步:求出一元二次不等式对应的一元二次方程的根;第二步:作出一元二次不等式对应的二次函数的图像;第三步:根据图像写出不等式的解集,对于一元二次不等式的逆向问题(即已知解集求参数)问题,"三步法"同样快捷有效.     

例析含参数的一元一次不等式(组)的解法

在一元一次不等式(组)中,含参数的一元一次不等式(组)问题一直是学生的薄弱点,很多学生对这样的问题总是一筹莫展.本文中结合具体案例,探究和分析了含参数的一元一次不等式(组)的几种解法,为一线教师的教学提供参考.     

牛顿恒等式在解题中的应用

笔者阅读了2006年全国高中数学联赛加试第3题，发现应用牛顿恒等式解题能获得简洁的证明或解法．本文谈谈与一元二次方程或一元三次方程有关的牛顿恒等式及其应用，供大家参考．     

追求本质简单自然的数学教学——“一元二次不等式的解法”教学设计与思考

一、课题分析 “一元二次不等式的解法”具有以下三个特点： 1．一元二次不等式的解法是一元一次不等式的解法的延续和深化,它对集合知识起到重要的巩固和运用的作用,也与后继的函数、三角函数、线性规划、直线与圆锥曲线以及导数等内容紧密相关．许多问题的解决都要建立在一元二次不等式正确求解的基础上．可见,一元二次不等式的解法在高中数学中具有极强的基础性和工具性;     

实系数一元三次函数图象的判别

文[1]给出了实系数一元三次方程实根的一个判别式,觉得意犹未尽,自然想到一元三次函数f(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+d(a≠0)图象的判别问题,文[1]似乎有所涉及,但没有像讨论一元二次函数的图象那样清晰完整.为此,本文在这方面作了一些尝试,并给出一点应用.     

函数与方程思想解决一元三次函数零点问题

<正>一元三次函数y=ax³+bx3+bx²+cx+d(a≠0)零点问题一直是高考考察的热点.同学们常用导数法解决一元三次函数零点问题,用函数与方程思想解决一元二次函数零点问题.可是我们知道这两者都是一元多项式函数中的特殊情况,那我们能不能采用函数与方程的思想来研究解决一元三次函数零点问题呢?     

第十三章 一元一次不等式

1。了解不等式、不等式的解集的概念，会在数轴上表示不等式的解集；掌握不等式的三条基本性质，并会用它们解一元一次不等式；了解一元一次不等式组的解集的概念，会解一元一次不等式组．     

三次方程根的情况的简明结论

由“实系数一元n(∈N*)次方程的虚根成对出现”知,实系数一元三次方程的根有且只有四种情形:(1)有三个不同实根;(2)有一个二重实根和一个实根;(3)有一个三重实根;(4)有一个实根和两个共轭虚根.本文用导数研究它们在何时出现.先看首项系数是正数的一元三次方程f(x)=ax3 bx2 cx d     

Optimal pricing policies for perishable products

In many industrial settings, managers face the problem of establishing a pricing policy that maximises the revenue from selling a given inventory of items by a fixed deadline, with the full inventory of items being available for sale from the beginning of the selling period. This problem arises in a variety of industries, including the sale of fashion garments, flight seats, and hotel rooms. We present a family of continuous pricing functions for which the optimal pricing strategy can be explicitly characterised and easily implemented. These pricing functions are the basis for a general pricing methodology which is particularly well suited for application in the context of an increasing role for the Internet as a means to market goods and services.     

Applications of Operational Research in Marketing

The pricing and selling of industrial products are considered in sections on decision theory, bidding and personal selling. It is suggested that the marketing of consumer durables and semi-durables can be studied by means of models which use aggregate data but that consumer panel data are needed for modelling consumer expendable markets. Finally, some problems which might be suboptimized are indicated.     

随机需求下竞争零售商的定价策略研究

本文研究了随机需求下两竞争零售商的定价策略选择(响应性定价或清仓定价)、产品订货量及响应性价格的联合决策问题。通过将问题转化为一个三阶段的博弈模型,基于Kuhn-Tucker条件求解了两零售商不同定价策略子博弈下的均衡产品订货量及响应性定价决策,分析了不同定价策略子博弈下产品订货量及价格决策的差别以及潜在市场需求不确定(期望和方差变动)对订货量和定价策略的影响。数值分析结果表明,当潜在市场需求服从均匀分布时,响应性定价子博弈是帕累托最优策略,清仓定价子博弈是零售商的均衡策略,混合定价子博弈下两零售商的收益差距较大。     

Probabilistic value pricing

In this paper we consider the class of probabilistic value pricing mechanisms for cost allocation problems, which are related to probabilistic values for finite games with transferable utility. We characterize probabilistic value pricing axiomatically, as well as several related pricing mechanisms, including semivalue pricing (symmetric pricing without cost sharing), quasivalue pricing (cost sharing pricing without symmetry), and weighted Shapley value pricing. We also describe a class of problems in which (symmetric) Shapley value pricing coincides with Aumann-Shapley pricing, and a class of problems for which every quasivalue pricing mechanism is supportable.     

不完全市场的保险定价研究

完全市场上的保险定价问题是人们比较熟悉的研究内容,但它不符合市场实际.本文在不完全市场上研究保险定价的问题.通过对累积保险损失的分析,建立在累积赌付下的保险定价模型;基于对一个无风险资产和有限多个风险资产的投资,建立保险投资定价模型.通过变形,得到相应的保险价格的倒向随机微分方程,并利用倒向随机微分方程的理论和方法,得到了相应的保险价格公式.最后,给出释例进行了分析.本文的研究,不用考虑死亡率、损失的概率分布等因素,为保险定价提供了新的思路,丰富了有限的保险定价方法.     

股票价格遵循几何分式Brown运动的期权定价

讨论了股票价格过程遵循几何分式B row n运动的欧式期权定价.由于该过程存在套利机会使得传统的期权定价方法(如资本资产定价模型(CAPM),套利定价模型(APT),动态均衡定价理论(DEPT))不可能对该期权定价.利用保险精算定价法,在对市场无其它任何假设条件下,获得了欧式期权的定价公式.并讨论了在有效期内股票支付已知红利和红利率的推广公式.     

A continuous-time dynamic pricing model knowing the competitor’s pricing strategy

In this paper we consider a dynamic pricing model for a firm knowing that a competitor adopts a static pricing strategy. We establish a continuous time model to analyze the effect of dynamic pricing on the improvement in expected revenue in the duopoly. We assume that customers arrive to purchase tickets in accordance with a geometric Brownian motion. We derive an explicit closed-form expression for an optimal pricing policy to maximize the expected revenue. It is shown that when the competitor adopts a static pricing policy, dynamic pricing is not always effective in terms of maximizing expected revenue compared to a fixed pricing strategy. Moreover, we show that the size of the reduction in the expected revenue depends on the competitor’s pricing strategy. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the dynamic pricing policy.     

Network flow problems with pricing decisions

This paper considers a class of network flow problems in which the demand levels of the nodes are determined through pricing decisions representing the revenue received per unit demand at the nodes. We must simultaneously determine the pricing decisions and the network flow decisions in order to maximize profits, i.e., the revenues received from the pricing decisions minus the cost of the network flow decisions. Specializations of this class of problems have numerous applications in supply chain management. We show that the class of problems with a single pricing decision throughout the network can be solved in polynomial time under both continuous pricing restrictions and integer pricing restrictions. For the class of problems with customer-specific pricing decisions, we provide conditions under which the problem can be solved in polynomial-time for continuous pricing restrictions and prove that the problem is NP-hard for integer pricing restrictions.     

两阶段双寡头垄断市场Hotelling定价模型

激烈的双寡头垄断市场竞争环境下,单一定价和歧视定价成为厂商选择的两大定价策略.考虑到网络外部效用的广泛存在性与对称性,对传统的Hotelling模型加以改进,分价格竞争和策略选择两个阶段,对双寡头垄断厂商的定价策略进行了博弈分析,指出了各种均衡情况及需满足的条件,并验证了歧视定价相对单一定价的边际成本、网络外部效应、消费者对产品的忠诚度等因素对厂商进行定价策略选择的重要影响,为其制定最优定价策略提供了指导.     

A review of multi-product pricing models

The importance of good pricing strategies in business theory is clearly recognized, as can be seen from the huge volume of pricing research done over the years. What we attempt to do is to provide a general review of multi-product pricing models, focusing primarily on those where demands are explicitly dependent on prices. As the pricing decision may be made jointly with other economic parameters, we will not only review models that focus solely on pricing; we will also discuss models where pricing choices are made jointly with other decisions like production or distribution of resources.