数学竞赛中的二项式问题

可能是考虑到教学进度的原因 ,在国内的中学生数学竞赛中 ,与二项式有关的试题比较少 ,但也时有出现 .还有些竞赛题虽不明显属于二项式的范围 ,但运用二项式定理可以巧妙地加以解决 .对于二项式定理 ,应熟练掌握以下三个方面的内容 :1) (a +b) n(n∈N )的展开式的通项公式为Tr+ 1 =Crnan-rbr.2 ) (a +b) n=∑nr =0Crnan -rbr 的逆向应用 .3)二项式系数的两个性质 .构造二项式解题 ,是对二项式定理高层次的应用 ,关键在于发现所给问题与二项式的联系 ,常用于组合数求和、不等式证明、数的整除性、判断数的特征等 .例 1　已知 ( 3 x + 2x) n…     

介绍广义二项式系数

1　前言《应用数学进展》 (《Advances in AppliedMathematics》最近一期 ,即第 2 1卷第 2期 ( 1998年 8月 ) ,2 2 8页至 2 40页上刊登了 John Konvali-na的一篇论文 ,题目叫《广义二项式系数和子集-子空间问题》.在这篇论文中 ,Konvalina定义了两种广义二项式系数 ,从而组合地把二项式系数 ,Gauss系数 ,和 Stirling数的基本性质统一起来 .我很喜欢这篇论文 ,认为值得介绍给我国数学界 .这篇论文上印有“1998年 4月 8日 (编辑部 )收到 ,1998年 5月 5日被接受”,可见《应用数学进展》编辑部很喜欢也很重视这篇论文 .2　广义二项式系数设 …     

“杨辉三角”与二项式系数的性质教学设计及课堂实录——人教A版数学选修2-3第1章第3节第2课时

1教材背景分析1.1教材的地位和作用《杨辉三角与二项式系数的性质》是普通高中课程标准实验教科书人教A版选修2-3第1章第3节第2课时的内容.教科书将二项式系数性质的讨论与杨辉三角结合起来,是因为杨辉三角蕴含了丰富的内容,由它可以直观看出二项式系数的     

第二类Stirling数的一些同余式

设k,n为非负整数,S(n,k)表示第二类Stirling数.本文研究了S(n,k)模2的方幂的同余式,首先给出了一类二项式系数模2的同余式,然后利用上述结果得到了S(n,a2~m+b)模2~m的同余式.其表达式均由简单二项式系数组成,其中m≥3,b=0,1,2.这些结果改进了Chan和Manna的结果.     

“二项式定理”有哪些常见的题型

1　“二项式定理”常见的题型1)求指数n ;2 )求二项式两项中的某一项 (或相关部分 ) ;3)求二项展开式的某一项 ;4 )求二项展开式的某些项的系数和 ;5 )求n个二项式的和、差、积的某项 ;6 )三项式问题 .2　例题研究例 1　 x +14(x - 1) 5的展开式中 ,x4的系数为 (　　 )(A) - 4 0 .　　 (B) 10 .　　 (C) 4 0 .　　 (D) 4 5 .解　展开式的通项为　Cr4x4-r2 Ck5x5-k(- 1) k=(- 1) kCr4Ck5x14 -r -2k2 (0≤r≤ 4 ,0≤k≤ 5 ) .令14 -r - 2k2 =4 ,得 2k +r=6 .∴ r =0 ,k =3,或 r=2 ,k =2 ,或 r=4 ,k=1.∴x4的系数为 -C04C3 5+C24C25-C44C…     

Mathematica软件快速上手指南（3）——初等代数运算

在Ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａ系统中可以非常方便地如同计算数字一样进行符号计算 ,这是它的主要特色之一 .符号参与计算和论证 ,使得利用Ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａ系统进行数学证明成为可能 .在这里我们介绍与中学数学密切相关的初等代数运算 .1　有理式运算大家都知道 ,多项式可以象普通的整数一样进行加、减、乘和除的运算 .最典型的例子是有理式的运算 ,例如 :Ｉｎ[1] :=2ｘ ｙ - 14ｘ^ 2 (ｘ^ 2 ) ( ｙ^ 2 ) - 3ｙ ｘ 5ｘ^ 2Ｏｕｔ[1] =- 9ｘ2 -ｘｙ ｘ2 ｙ2这已经不是数字计算而是符号运算 .二项式展开有贾宪三角形确定其系数 ,但ｎ较…     

关于二项式系数性质二的证明

(a b)~n的展开式的二项式系数C_n~0,C_n~1,C_n~2…,C_n~(n-1),C_n~n的第二条性质是; 如果二项式的幂指数是偶数,中间一项的二项式系数最大;如果二项式的幂指数是奇数,中间两项的二项式系数相等并且最大。课本对该性质的正确性作了一些解释,但若作为证明,未免不够确切,也缺少说服力,事实上,该性质可证明如下;     

二项式定理试题的几种常见题型

二项式定理揭示了二项式的幂展开式在项数、系数、各项中的指数等方面的联系,二项式定理的应用及二项式系数的性质是高考的必考内容之一,考查题型主要是选择题和填空题,多为容易题.本文以高考题为例,对其进行分类与解析,简述如下: 一、求展开式的某一项的系数 1.(α b)n(n∈N)型 例1 在(3-x)7的展开式中,x5的系数是_(用数字作答).(1994全国高考题) 解由通项公式得     

分母为平方因子的二项式系数倒数级数

根据一个已知级数,利用反正弦积分与多对数的结果,用积分-裂项法给出分母为1个平方因子,平方因子与1个,2个,3个奇因子乘积的二项式系数倒数级数.利用反三角函数与反双曲函数关系给出分母为平方因子的交错二项式系数倒数级数.所给出二项式系数倒数级数的和式是函数形式.并给出分母含有平方因子的二项式系数倒数数值级数恒等式.     

二项式系数幂和序列在模p2下的几个性质

利用同余理论和多项式理论研究二项式系数幂和序列在模p2下的同余性质,得到了一些非平凡结果.为进一步研究二项式系数幂和序列的多项式递推公式提供有利的工具.     

服务管理差距与服务质量差距之间关系模型的研究

在服务质量差距分析模型的基础上,基于服务管理差距和服务质量差距测评体系,运用结构方程建模方法,建立了企业内部服务管理差距与顾客感知服务质量差距之间的关系路径图和关系模型,定量研究了四个服务管理差距对服务质量差距的影响关系、服务管理差距测评指标对相应的四个服务管理差距的影响关系,为顾客感知服务质量差距的测量和评价提供了技术和方法.结合某外语培训学校服务管理实际进行了案例研究,为企业服务质量的诊断和改进提供了科学依据.     

中国邮递员问题50年

首先介绍一般邮递员问题, 涉及费用、服务侧、衔接费用、次序等要素. 然后简要综述过去50年来中国邮递员问题、有向图上中国邮递员问题、带风向的邮递员问题、混合图上邮递员问题以及乡村邮递员问题等一般邮递员问题的特殊情况的研究进展, 突出问题的线性规划描述及相应的组合多面体结构, 着重讨论问题的模型、精确算法及其时间复杂度、NP-困难情形下的近似算法及其性能比.     

Stability on Time-Dependent Domains

We explore the key differences in the stability picture between extended systems on time-fixed and time-dependent spatial domains. As a paradigm, we take the complex Swift–Hohenberg equation, which is the simplest nonlinear model with a finite critical wavenumber, and use it to study dynamic pattern formation and evolution on time-dependent spatial domains in translationally invariant systems, i.e., when dilution effects are absent. In particular, we discuss the effects of a time-dependent domain on the stability of spatially homogeneous and spatially periodic base states, and explore its effects on the Eckhaus instability of periodic states. New equations describing the nonlinear evolution of the pattern wavenumber on time-dependent domains are derived, and the results compared with those on fixed domains. Pattern coarsening on time-dependent domains is contrasted with that on fixed domains with the help of the Cahn–Hilliard equation extended here to time-dependent domains. Parallel results for the evolution of the Benjamin–Feir instability on time-dependent domains are also given.     

Stability and bifurcation of a stage-structured predator–prey model with both discrete and distributed delays

This paper concerns with a new delayed predator–prey model with stage structure on prey, in which the immature prey and the mature prey are preyed by predator and the delay is the length of the immature stage. Mathematical analysis of the model equations is given with regard to invariance of non-negativity, boundedness of solutions, permanence and global stability and nature of equilibria. Our work shows that the stage structure on the prey is one of the important factors that affect the extinction of the predator, and the predation on immature prey is a cause of periodic oscillation of population and can make the behaviors of the system more complex. The predation on the immature and mature prey brings both positive and negative effects on the permanence of the predator, if ignore the predation on immature prey in the system, the stage-structure on prey brings only negative effect on the permanence of the predator.     

Pseudocharacters on anomalous products of locally indicable groups

The question on the existence of nontrivial pseudocharacters on anomalous products of locally indicable groups is considered. Some generalizations of theorems of R. I. Grigorchuk and V. G. Bardakov on the existence of nontrivial pseudocharacters on free products with the amalgamation subgroup are found. It is proved that they exist on an anomalous product 〈G, x | w = 1〉, where G is a locally indicable noncyclic group. We also prove some other propositions on the existence of nontrivial pseudocharacters on anomalous products of groups. Results on the second cohomologies of these products and their nonamenability follow from the propositions on the existence of nontrivial pseudocharacters on these groups. __________ Translated from Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Matematika, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 55–64, 2006.     

Valuations on Manifolds and Integral Geometry

We construct new operations of pull-back and push-forward on valuations on manifolds with respect to submersions and immersions. A general Radon-type transform on valuations is introduced using these operations and the product on valuations. It is shown that the classical Radon transform on smooth functions, and the well-known Radon transform on constructible functions, with respect to the Euler characteristic, are special cases of this new Radon transform. An inversion formula for the Radon transform on valuations has been proven in a specific case of real projective spaces. Relations of these operations to yet another classical type of integral geometry, Crofton and kinematic formulas, are indicated.     

Recent progresses in studies on wave-current loads on foundation structure with piles and slab?

The foundation structure with piles and slab is widely used in o?shore wind farm construction in shallow water. Experimental studies on the hydrodynamic loads acting on the piles and slab under irregular waves and currents are summarized with discussion on the e?ects of pile grouping on the wave forces and wave impact loads on the slab locating near the free surface. By applying the theoretical solution of the wave di?racted by the slab and using the Morison equation to evaluate the wave force on the piles, the e?ects of the slab on the wave forces acting on the piles are analyzed. Based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the volume of ?uid (VOF) method, a numerical wave basin is developed to simulate the wave-structure interaction. The computed maximum wave force on the foundation structure with piles and slab agrees well with the measured data. The violent deformation, breaking, and run-up of the wave around the structure are presented and discussed. Further work on the turbulent ?ow structures and large deformation of the free surface due to interaction of the waves and foundation structures of o?shore wind farms needs more e?cient approaches for evaluating hydrodynamic loads under the e?ects of nonlinear waves and currents.     

产品消费情绪与购后行为关系的实证研究

消费情绪对购后行为有重要的作用,在产品消费中,以往研究主要针对产品属性和商店环境引发的消费情绪与满意的关系,本文作者在文献回顾的基础上,对由广告、消费促进和公共关系等其他营销者可控因素引发的消费情绪与购后行为的关系进行了定量研究,结果表明:由这些因素引发的消费情绪对满意有直接影响,并通过满意间接影响重购意向;对口传行为既有直接影响,也有间接影响,作者最后提出了本研究对管理实践的启示,研究的局限之处及未来的研究方向.     

The marked length spectrum vs. the Laplace spectrum on forms on Riemannian nilmanifolds

The subject of this paper is the relationships among the marked length spectrum, the length spectrum, the Laplace spectrum on functions, and the Laplace spectrum on forms on Riemannian nilmanifolds. In particular, we show that for a large class of three-step nilmanifolds, if a pair of nilmanifolds in this class has the same marked length spectrum, they necessarily share the same Laplace spectrum on functions. In contrast, we present the first example of a pair of isospectral Riemannian manifolds with the same marked length spectrum but not the same spectrum on one-forms. Outside of the standard spheres vs. the Zoll spheres, which are not even isospectral, this is the only example of a pair of Riemannian manifolds with the same marked length spectrum, but not the same spectrum on forms. This partially extends and partially contrasts the work of Eberlein, who showed that on two-step nilmanifolds, the same marked length spectrum implies the same Laplace spectrum both on functions and on forms. Research at MSRI supported in part by NSF grant DMS-9022140. Research at MSRI and Texas Tech supported in part by NSF grant DMS-9409209.     

纯正半群上的同余扩张(一)

刻划半群上的同余及其扩张是半群的代数理论中的一个非常重要的课题．本文讨论了带上的同余的正规性和不变性以及在其Ｈａｌｌ半群上的扩张，从同余扩张的角度刻划了带上的同余的性质，给出了扩张的极大、极小同余的描述．