复杂机电产品多元FT VSI贝叶斯控制图性能研究

针对复杂机电产品质量控制与预警困难的问题,构建一种将多元贝叶斯统计方法与经济性能分析相结合的多元贝叶斯控制图性能分析模型.在求解模型中,多元贝叶斯控制图采用固定时间变抽样区间(Fixed Time Variable Sample Interval, FT VSI)策略,若非随机故障小概率发生,则选择宽松抽样方案;若非随机故障大概率发生,则选择严抽样方案.为量化多元贝叶斯控制图经济性能与统计性能的相关度,利用蒙卡罗模拟分析的质量控制模型进行仿真,并在不同经济性参数下,得到采样单位平均数(Average Number of Observations to Signals or End of the production run, ANOSE)对于控制图统计性能的影响程度,进而引出多元贝叶斯控制图的质量控制成本与其误报率的影响程度,并以某型号汽车自动变速器多元质量控制过程为例对多元FT VSI贝叶斯控制图性能评价与优化成果进行验证,结果证明该方法具有较好的应用性.     

稀土分离联产品质量控制研究

以稀土分离企业为背景,抽取联产品特点及质量属性,绘制单一产品的指数加权移动平均控制图和联产品的多元残差T²控制图,并将两类控制图进行对比分析,分析表明和EWMA控制图相比,联产品多元残差T²控制图能降低控制图虚发警报的概率。针对多元残差T²控制图发现的异常模式,采用支持向量机模型对异常模式进行分类处理,寻找分类规则,构造PSO-SVM分类器,运用粒子群算法对SVM参数寻优,并对得出的结果进行对比分析。分析表明该分类器能提高分类正确率,模式识别可以用于诊断稀土企业引起联产品多元残差T²控制图出现异常的原因,从而提高过程质量管理水平。     

基于多点报警的多元统计过程控制

本文主要研究了一种将控制图的报警准则由一点改为多点时多元控制图的构造,对于不同的多点报警准则的控制图可以通过计算平均运行长度的方法得出了不同的控制限参数。然后本文对各种报警准则下的多元控制图与Hotelling T2控制图,MCUSUM(多元累计和控制图)和MEWMA(多元指数加权移动平均控制图)进行了比较,说明这种改变报警规则的多元控制图在监测过程中出现的微小波动时具有一定的优势。     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的模型质量控制图

模型控制图是兼有一元质量控制图和多元质量控制图特点的统计质量控制工具,其控制图的控制限取决于被控制量的概率分布,而被控制量的概率分布则由各影响量的概率分布和模型结构所决定.文章研究了基于蒙特卡罗(MCM)分布传播得到被控制量概率分布的相关问题,包括确定影响量分布和MCM仿真次数等问题,给出了基于MCM的模型质量控制图控制限计算方法和流程,该方法与模型的复杂程度无关,与各影响量之间的相关性无关,控制图的可靠性和监控的有效性高于传统控制图.     

多元自相关过程的VAR控制图

为了解决多元自相关过程的残差T~2控制图对小偏移不灵敏的问题,本文利用批量-均值法的思想,结合VAR模型的渐近分布,设计了多元自相关过程的向量自回归(VAR)控制图.只要子组样本量足够大,VAR控制图可以对过程出现的各种偏移进行有效控制.通过对比残差T~2控制图的控制效果,得出VAR控制图对小偏移灵敏、残差T~2控制图对大偏移灵敏的结论,联合使用VAR控制图和残差T~2控制图可更有效地监控多元自相关过程。     

基于多元泊松模型的累积和控制图设计

多元离散数据在现代制造业中非常普遍,多元泊松控制图常被用来监控此类数据,如MP,MP-CUSUM和MP-EWMA图等.然而,这些控制图都假设数据服从等协方差的多元泊松模型,因为等协方差的多元泊松模型对各个变量之间的相关性有严格的约束,因此应用范围狭窄.本文基于异协方差多元泊松模型,提出GMP-CUSUM累积和控制图.在考虑不同模型,变量偏移个数和偏移大小的情况下,通过蒙特卡洛模拟比较了传统控制图和新控制图GMP-CUSUM的平均运行链长(ARL),证明异协方差多元泊松模型更加适应对多元离散数据的建模,应用范围广,并且新控制图能更快速地检测到异常过程偏移,灵敏度高.     

基于测量质量损失函数的控制图控制界限的优化

控制界限和抽样间隔是控制图的两个基本参数。常规控制图是基于3σ原理确定的控制界限,该控制界限是在大量试验基础上依据经验确定的,并没有精确的公式推导.对于抽样间隔,常规控制图也没有明确的规定。田口博士的质量损失函数可以很好的解决质量经济性方面的一些问题.利用田口博士的理论,通过确定适宜的二次测量质量损失函数,可以确定控制图的最佳控制界限和最佳抽样间隔.文章简要介绍了常规控制图原理和田口博士的质量损失函数,重点叙述了田口博士反馈控制系统的测量质量损失函数,在此基础上,研究了控制图最佳控制界限和最佳抽样间隔,并且通过具体实例验证了该控制图良好的经济性.     

基于经验似然比检验的高维非参EWMA控制图

随着传感技术和数据采集系统的逐渐完善,大量复杂高维数据可以被收集,对多变量和高维数据流进行监控往往是现代制造业和质量管理部门的一个基本要求.然而,在高维数据监控领域中,由于“维数的诅咒”以及变量的分布通常是复杂未知的,大多数传统的多元控制图不再适用.针对这种情况,一些研究者讨论了对分布未知且复杂高维数据的均值向量的各种检验,但这些检验很少适用于Phase II阶段的过程监控.文章提出了一种基于高维经验似然比检验的EWMA型非参数监控方案,该方案可用于多元过程和高维过程均值向量的监控,并且适用于子组数据流.所提出的控制图不仅易于实现和解释,而且蒙特卡罗数值模拟结果显示该控制图在对称、偏态、厚尾分布中都能有效地监测均值漂移.最后,将所提出的控制图应用于半导体制造过程,结果显示文章的方法对未通过测试的半导体具有良好的监控效果.     

基于单个观测值用于检测多元协方差矩阵的EWMA控制图

基于单个样本观测值提供了一个指数加权移动平均(EWMA)控制图用于监测p维多元正态过程协方差矩阵的飘移。模拟研究表明,此图对各种形式的飘移都有很好的表现,且不受均值变化的影响。实例表明,新设计的控制图在实际应用中具有很好的表现。     

具有可变抽样区间的Poisson EWMA控制图

传统的EWMA控制图通常都是针对计量型质量特性值的,而对于计数型质量特征值少有研究.设计了单位缺陷数服从Poisson分布的EWMA控制图,并对Poisson EWMA控制图进行了可变抽样区间设计,利用Markov chain方法计算了其平均报警时间,计算结果表明,所设计的动态Poisson EWMA控制图较Shewhart c-图和固定抽样区间的Poissin EWMA控制图能更好的监控过程的变化.     

高质量过程控制技术的比较研究与分析

随着质量改进活动的不断开展,现代制造过程中的不合格项在逐渐降低。在这种情况下,常规的休哈特型计数控制图往往是失效的。为了监控高质量的过程运行,一种方法是采用累计合格品计数(CCC)图;另一种方法是采用几何Q图,本文首先分析了这两种控制图的基本原理;进而以平均链长(ARL)和探测过程发生漂移的概率为准则,系统分析和比较了这两种控制图的性能,仿真结果表明,在大多数情况下,这两种控制图具有相似的性能;最后,通过实例说明了这两种控制图的应用,并给出了若干建议。     

Multivariate Bayesian process control for a finite production run

Most industrial products and processes are characterized by several, typically correlated measurable variables, which jointly describe the product or process quality. Various control charts such as Hotelling’s T², EWMA and CUSUM charts have been developed for multivariate quality control, where the values of the chart parameters, namely the sample size, sampling interval and the control limits are determined to satisfy given economic and/or statistical requirements. It is well known that this traditional non-Bayesian approach to a control chart design is not optimal, but very few results regarding the form of the optimal Bayesian control policy have appeared in the literature, all limited to a univariate chart design. In this paper, we consider a multivariate Bayesian process mean control problem for a finite production run under the assumption that the observations are values of independent, normally distributed vectors of random variables. The problem is formulated in the POMDP (partially observable Markov decision process) framework and the objective is to determine a control policy minimizing the total expected cost. It is proved that under standard operating and cost assumptions the control limit policy is optimal. Cost comparisons with the benchmark chi-squared chart and the MEWMA chart show that the Bayesian chart is highly cost effective, the savings are larger for smaller values of the critical Mahalanobis distance between the in-control and out-of-control process mean.     

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Aiming at the complex mechanical and electrical products quality control and early warning problems, a performance analysis model of control chart, which combines the multivariate Bayesian statistical method with the economic performance analysis is constructed. In the solution model, a FT VSI strategy is used in the multivariate Bayesian control chart. If a small probability of random failure occurs, then a loose sampling scheme is selected. Otherwise, a strict sampling program is applied. To quantify the correlation between the economic and the statistical performance of the multivariate Bayesian control chart, a quality control model based on Monte Carlo simulation is used and the ANOSE (Average Number of Observations to Signals or End of the production run) is taken under different economic parameters, which performs the degree of influence of the statistical performance of the control chart. In addition, the relationship between the quality control cost and the false alarm rate of the multi-Bayesian control chart is explained. Finally, for instance, a multiple quality control process of the automatic transmission of the automobile is used to verify the performance evaluation and optimization of the multivariate FT VSI Bayesian control chart. The results show that the method has a better application.     

Improving the Performance of the Chi-square Control Chart via Runs Rules

The most popular multivariate process monitoring and control procedure used in the industry is the chi-square control chart. As with most Shewhart-type control charts, the major disadvantage of the chi-square control chart, is that it only uses the information contained in the most recently inspected sample; as a consequence, it is not very efficient in detecting gradual or small shifts in the process mean vector. During the last decades, the performance improvement of the chi-square control chart has attracted continuous research interest. In this paper we introduce a simple modification of the chi-square control chart which makes use of the notion of runs to improve the sensitivity of the chart in the case of small and moderate process mean vector shifts.      

Multivariate nonparametric control chart with variable sampling interval

This paper proposes an adaptive, multivariate, nonparametric, exponentially weighted moving average control chart with variable sampling interval. A number of studies have discussed multivariate nonparametric control charts. However, the proposed multivariate nonparametric control charts usually have strict requirements. In this paper, we construct a control chart for multivariate processes that is based on the Mahalanobis depth. Specifically, we use the concept of the Mahalanobis depth to reduce each multivariate measurement to a univariate index. It is worth mentioning that this approach is completely nonparametric. We also discuss the optimal strategy for the parameters. This chart is an adaptive chart and has a variable sampling interval. A simulation study demonstrates that the proposed chart is efficient in detecting various magnitudes of shifts. A gravel data and a wine quality detection example are given to introduce the proposed control chart.     

A new control chart in contaminated data of t‐Student distribution for individual observations

Control charts are the most popular tool for monitoring production quality. In traditional control charts, it is usually supposed that the observations follow a multivariate normal distribution. Nevertheless, there are many practical applications where the normality assumption is not fulfilled. Furthermore, the performance of these charts in the presence of measurement errors (outliers) in the historical data has been improved using robust control charts when the observations follow a normal distribution. In this paper, we develop a new control chart for t‐Student data based on the trimmed T² control chart () through the adaptation of the elements of this chart to the case of this distribution. Simulation studies show that a control chart performs better than T² in t‐Student samples for individual observations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

质量控制图原理在股票投资组合中的应用研究

质量控制图是用来控制生产过程质量的一种统计方法。其基本理论方法应用到股票投资组合中,可以降低投资风险,提高投资组合的收益率。通过实证研究表明:利用质量控制图原理来确定投资组合的选股、买点和卖点,可以使投资组合获得明显高于大盘指数的收益率,从而验证了质量控制图的基本理论方法完全可以应用于股票投资决策,并且具有显著的实际应用价值。     

Hotelling’s T charts with variable sample size and control limit

The ideas of variable sampling interval (VSI), variable sample size (VSS), variable sample size and sampling interval (VSSI), and variable parameters (VP) in the univariate case have been successfully applied to the multivariate case to improve the efficiency of Hotelling’s T² chart with fixed sampling rate (FSR) in detecting small process shifts. However, the main disadvantage in using most of these control schemes is an increasing in the complexity due to the adaptive changes in sampling intervals. In this paper, retaining the lengths of sampling intervals constant, a variable sample size and control limit (VSSC) T² chart is proposed and described. The statistical efficiency of the VSSC T² chart in terms of the average time to signal a shift in process mean vector is compared with that of the VP, VSSI, VSS, VSI, and FSR T² charts. From the results of comparison, it shows that the VSSC T² chart for a (very) small shift in the process mean vector gives a better performance than the VSSI, VSS, VSI, and FSR T² charts; meanwhile, it presents a similar performance to the VP T² chart. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of practicability, it is more convenient for administrating the control chart than the VSI, VSSI, and VP T² chart. Thus, it may provide a good option for quick response to small shifts in a multivariate process.     

Approximation and contamination bounds for probabilistic programs

In many applications of manufacturing and service industries, the quality of a process is characterized by the functional relationship between a response variable and one or more explanatory variables. Profile monitoring is for checking the stability of this relationship over time. In some situations, multiple profiles are required in order to model the quality of a product or process effectively. General multivariate linear profile monitoring is particularly useful in practice due to its simplicity and flexibility. However, in such situations, the existing parametric profile monitoring methods suffer from a drawback in that when the profile parameter dimensionality is large, the detection ability of the procedures commonly used T ²-type charting statistics is likely to decline substantially. Moreover, it is also challenging to isolate the type of profile parameter change in such high-dimensional circumstances. These issues actually inherit from those of the conventional multivariate control charts. To resolve these issues, this paper develops a new methodology for monitoring general multivariate linear profiles, including the regression coefficients and profile variation. After examining the connection between the parametric profile monitoring and multivariate statistical process control, we propose to apply a variable-selection-based multivariate control scheme to the transformations of estimated profile parameters. Our proposed control chart is capable of determining the shift direction automatically based on observed profile data. Thus, it offers a balanced protection against various profile shifts. Moreover, the proposed control chart provides an easy but quite effective diagnostic aid. A real-data example from the logistics service shows that it performs quite well in the application.