一类带约束的二维弱奇异积分方程的一般解及其应用*

本文给出二维弱奇异积分方程作用着约束方程的比[1]为更一般的解P式中k和产是给出的连续函数;(s,φ)是原点在M(r,θ)的局部极坐标;(r,θ)是原点在O(0.0)的总体极坐标;F(r_*,θ)=c_*(常数)是研究域Q的边界围线?Q:g(ω)=F(r,θ)/[πkφ₀];g'=dg/dω,ω=N-r2sin2(θ+φ₀);φ₀,N为中值.[1]的(2.19)型的解仅为F(r,θ)=ω时上述解的特例.文中给出刚性圆锥和弹性半空间接触问题的解作为应用例子.此解较Love(1939)的解简明.     

简单线性规划问题的向量解法

在高中数学新教材中 ,增选简单线性规划为必修内容 .在用图解法求简单线性规划问题的最优解时 ,教师教学用书中 ,通过比较平行线在 x轴或 y轴上的截距大小寻求目标函数的最优解 .本文提出用目标函数法向量的方法寻求目标函数的最优解 ,供同行参考 .先看例题 .例 1　设 z =2 x y,式中变量 x,y满足下列条件x - 4y≤ - 3,3x 5y≤ 2 5,x≥ 1 .求 z的最大值和最小值 .解　画出可行域如图 1中的阴影部分 .过原点 O( 0 ,0 )作直线 l0 :2 x y =0 ,正法向量为 n =( 2 ,1 ) .当直线 2 x y =t沿着正法向量平行移动时 ,t的值就逐渐增大 ,当直线…     

一类大阻尼非自治摆系统的周期解与混沌态

本文研究二阶非自治摆型系统的周期解的存在性和唯一性,并研究了φ(t)=1-ελcosωt,F(t)=β+εμ(cosωt-ωsinωt)a>0为大阻尼系数时该系统呈现混沌性态的参数区域.所得结果推广了文[1～8]中的相应结论.     

■=z■z∈R的应用

如果复数z是实数,则z的共轭复数仍是它本身,反之也对,利用=zz∈R解决一些复数问题常常显得思路清晰,解答迅速准确。例1 名为虚数,且z 4/z为实数,求复数z的轨迹。解 z 4/z为实数:=z 4/z 4/=z 4/zz- 4/z-4/=0(z-)(1-4/)=0(z为虚数z-≠0)1-4/=0=4|z|=2。故满足条件的复数z的轨迹是以原点为圆心,以z为半径的圆(不包括与实轴的交     

关于Hans Lewv方程

Hans Lewy 方程 u_x iu_y 2(xi-y)u_i=0处处有唯一特征方向,但不存在特征曲面.因为平面 t=0上原点处有一特征方向,因此对以其为支柱的 Cauchy 问题,Kowalewsky 定理不适用.本文证明了平面 t=0上解析函数均可表为直和:(x,y)=(z,xz)(z,zx),其中 z=x iy,而(ξ,η),(ξ,η)都是解析函数;方程有初始值 u|_t=0=(z,xz)的唯一解析解,没有取始值 u|_t=0=(x,zx)的解析解,但对后者有奇性解.所有解都有明显的表达式.所有结论都是在原点附近的.但对空间任一点有相应的结果.     

嵌在弹性半空间的刚性变直径圆轴的扭转*

本文用线载荷积分方程法(LLIEM)研究嵌在弹性半空间的刚性变直径圆轴的轴对称扭转.利用将“半空间的点环力偶”(PRCHS)这一虚的基本载荷沿对称轴的圆轴区间中分布就能使本问题归结为一个一维的非奇异的Ferdholm第一种积分方程,且很易用数值求解.文中给出刚性圆锥,圆柱,圆锥柱嵌在弹性半空间的扭转的数值计算的例并和他人的已知结果相比较.文中也给出了刚性半球嵌在弹性半空间的扭转的精确解.     

借助于单位圆解三角函数题

<正>圆心在原点O,半径等于单位长度1的圆称为单位圆.借助于单位圆这一特殊的直观"形"解(证)某些三角函数问题往往能起到事半功倍的效果,举例说明.例1已知θ为锐角,试比较cosθ,sin(cosθ),cos(sinθ)的大小.简析借助于单位圆先确定θ、cosθ、sinθ的大小关系,再确定cosθ,sin(cosθ),cos(sinθ)的大小关系.     

嵌入弹性半空间的弹性迴转轴的扭转*

本文用线载荷积分方程法(LLIEM)研究嵌在弹性半空间的弹性迴转轴的扭转问题.将“点环力偶(PRC)”和“半空间点环力偶(PRCHS)”分别分布于迴转轴内和外的轴线上,就能将本问题归结为一维的Fredholm第一种积分方程组.直接用离散法求解时,会发现有时解是不稳定的,也就是病态情形.本文采用以带小参数的Fredholm第二种积分方程代替病态的Fredholm第一种积分方程的方法可以得到稳定的解,此法比Tikhonov正规化法简单,易于在计算机上运行.文中给出圆维、圆柱、圆锥-圆柱、抛物线轴等数值例子.     

一类四阶微分方程解的有界性和稳定性

本文分两种情况研究方程(1):(i)P≡0,(ii)P(≠0)满足|P(t,x,y,z,ω)|≤(A+|y|+|z|+|ω|)q(t),这里,q(t)是t的非负函数.对于第一种情况研究了零解的全局渐近稳定性,对于第二种情况得到了方程(1)的有界性结果.这些结果改进并包含了一些已知的结果.     

求解初值问题的指数拟合RKNd方法(英文)

本文给出了求解初值问题的指数拟合的RKNd方法.此类方法对于解可以表示为函数{exp(λt),exp(-λt)},λ∈C,或{sin(ωt),cos(ωt)},其中λ=iω,ω∈R之线性组合的微分方程精确成立.数值试验表明,指数拟合RKNd方法的计算效率要优于指数拟合RK方法和RKNd方法.     

A Solution Concept for Fuzzy Multiobjective Programming Problems Based on Convex Cones

A solution concept for fuzzy multiobjective programming problems based on ordering cones (convex cones) is proposed in this paper. The notions of ordering cones and partial orderings on a vector space are essentially equivalent. Therefore, the optimality notions in a real vector space can be elicited naturally by invoking a concept similar to that of the Pareto-optimal solution in vector optimization problems. We introduce a corresponding multiobjective programming problem and a weighting problem of the original fuzzy multiobjective programming problem using linear functionals so that the optimal solution of its corresponding weighting problem is also the Pareto-optimal solution of the original fuzzy multiobjective programming problem.     

Closed-Loop Control of the Motion of a Sphere Rolling on a Moving Horizontal Plane

A uniform sphere is rolling without slipping on a horizontal plane. The motion of the sphere is controlled via the control of the acceleration of the plane. At the time t=0, the sphere and the plane are stationary and the center of the sphere is located at a point A in the plane. Given a time interval [0, t _f], the problem dealt with here is: Find a closed-loop strategy for the acceleration of the moving plane such that, at the time t=t _f, the plane and the sphere will be nearly at rest and the center of the sphere will be in a given neighborhood of the origin. By introducing the concept of path controllability, a closed-loop strategy for the solution of the above-mentioned problem is proposed and its efficiency is demonstrated by solving numerically some examples.     

Extremal Polygons with Minimal Perimeter

In this paper we will investigate an isoperimetric type problem in lattices. If K is a bounded O-symmetric (centrally symmetric with respect to the origin) convex body in En of volume v(K) = 2n det L which does not contain non-zero lattice points in its interior, we say that K is extremal with respect to the given lattice L. There are two variations of the isoperimetric problem for this class of polyhedra. The first one is: Which bodies have minimal surface area in the class of extremal bodies for a fixed n-dimensional lattice? And the second one is: Which bodies have minimal surface area in the class of extremal bodies with volume 1 of dimension n? We characterize the solutions of these two problems in the plane. There is a consequence of these results, the solutions of the above problems in the plane give the solution of the lattice-like covering problem: Determine those centrally symmetric convex bodies whose translated copies (with respect to a fixed lattice L) cover the space and have minimal surface area.

     

Theory of convex cones in multicriteria decision making

We develop the theory of convex polyhedral cones in the objective-function space of a multicriteria decision problem. The convex cones are obtained from the decision-maker's pairwise judgments of decision alternatives and are applicable to any quasiconcave utility function. Therefore, the cones can be used in any progressively articulated solution procedure that employs pairwise comparisons. The cones represent convex sets of solutions that are inferior to known solutions to a multicriteria problem. Therefore, these convex sets can be eliminated from consideration while solving the problem. We develop the underlying theory and a framework for representing knowledge about the decision-maker's preference structure using convex cones. This framework can be adopted in the interactive solution of any multicriteria problem after taking into account the characteristics of the problem and the solution procedure. Our computational experience with different multicriteria problems shows that this approach is both viable and efficient in solving practical problems of moderate size.     

Vibration of a stamp partially adhering to an elastic medium : PMM, vol. 42, no. 6, 1978, pp. 1085–1092

There is examined the problem of vibration of a stamp of arbitrary planform occupying a space Ω and vibrating harmonically in an elastic medium with plane boundaries. It is assumed that the elastic medium is a packet of layers with parallel boundaries, at rest in the stiff or elastic half-space. Contact of three kinds is realized under the stamp: rigid adhesion in the domain Ω₁, friction-free contact in domain Ω₂, there are no tangential contact stresses, and “film” contact without normal force in domain Ω₃ (there are no normal contact stresses, only tangential stresses are present.). It is assumed that the boundaries of all the domains have twice continuously differentiable curvature and Ω = Ω₁ Ω₂ Ω₃.

The problem under consideration assumes the presence of a static load pressing the stamp to the layer and hindering the formation of a separation zone. Moreover, a dynamic load, harmonic in time, acts on the stamp causing dynamical stresses which are of the greatest interest since the solution of the static problem is obtained as a particular case of the dynamic problem for ω = 0 (ω is the frequency of vibration). The general solution is constructed in the form of a sum of static and dynamic solutions.

A uniqueness theorem is established for the integral equation of the problem mentioned and for the case of axisymmetric vibration of a circular stamp partially coupled rigidly to the layer, partially making friction-free contact, the problem is reduced to an effectively solvable system of integral equations of the second kind, which reduce easily to a Fredholm system.

These results are an extension of the method elucidated in [1], where by the approach in [1] must be altered qualitatively to obtain them.     

一类求解抛物型方程侧边值问题的最优滤波方法

该文考虑一类特殊的抛物型方程侧边值问题,即一类含有对流项的非标准逆热传导问题. 给定在x=1处的温度测量值来确定区间(0,1)上的未知解u(x, t). 这是一类不适定问题,即问题的解(如果解存在)不连续依赖于数据.为了求解这一问题, 必须采用某些正则化技巧. 该文给出了一种最优滤波方法, 使得问题的真实解和近似解之间的误差估计达到了Hölder型最优. 同时还证明了问题的解在x=0处的收敛性.     

热传导方程小波解的点态收敛

本文主要考虑热传导方程uxx=ut,0≤x<1,t≥0;u(1,t)=g(t),其中边界条件g(t)为已知函数．此定解问题为一不适定问题,也就是说当边界条件有微小扰动时,将会引起解大的扰动．本文将利用多分辨率分析构造一小波解,且证明此解是适定的,并给出所定义小波解与定解问题的真正解在点态意义下的误差估计．     

Scalarization of the fuzzy optimization problems

Scalarization of the fuzzy optimization problems using the embedding theorem and the concept of convex cone (ordering cone) is proposed in this paper. Two solution concepts are proposed by considering two convex cones. The set of all fuzzy numbers can be embedded into a normed space. This motivation naturally inspires us to invoke the scalarization techniques in vector optimization problems to solve the fuzzy optimization problems. By applying scalarization to the optimization problem with fuzzy coefficients, we obtain its corresponding scalar optimization problem. Finally, we show that the optimal solution of its corresponding scalar optimization problem is the optimal solution of the original fuzzy optimization problem.     

Iterative methods for nonlinear complementarity problems on isotone projection cones

In this paper we present a recursion related to a nonlinear complementarity problem defined by a closed convex cone in a Hilbert space and a continuous mapping defined on the cone. If the recursion is convergent, then its limit is a solution of the nonlinear complementarity problem. In the case of isotone projection cones sufficient conditions are given for the mapping so that the recursion to be convergent.