混和幂的丢番图不等式（I）

本文证明了下面的定理设λ＿１，…，λ＿８为非零实数，其中至少有两个之比为无理数。ｋ＝４，５，…，１１。那么，对任意给定的实数ｋ及０＜σ＜σ＿ｋ，不等式有无穷多组整数解，这里（４ｋ１１）。     

关于迭代函数方程f~2(x)=af(x) bx的通解

设λ的二次三项式λ２－ａλ－ｂ的两个零点为λ１＝ｒ，λ２＝ｓ（ａ及ｂ为实数）．对０＜ｒ＜ｓ，ｒ＜０＜ｓ≠－ｒ及ｒ＝ｓ≠０这三种情形，Ｊ．Ｍａｔｋｏｗｓｋｉ与ＷｅｉｎｉａｎＺｈａｎｇ在“Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｆｏｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｐｏｌｙｎｏｍｉａｌｆｏｒｍ”一文中给出了迭代函数方程ｆ２（ｘ）＝ａｆ（ｘ）＋ｂｘ，对任ｘ∈Ｒ；ｆ∈Ｃ０（Ｒ，Ｒ）（１）的通解，并证明了当ｒ及ｓ非实数时方程（１）无解．对ｒ＝－ｓ≠０的情形，Ｍ．Ｋｕｃｚｍａ已给出了方程（１）的通解．本文则对ｒ＜ｓ＜０及ｒｓ＝０这两种情形给出了方程（１）的通解．此外，本文还给出了ｒ＜０＜ｓ≠－ｒ时关于方程（１）的通解的一个简洁的证明     

关于Hardy－Littlewood－Polya不等式及其应用

此文主要结果是（１）设Ｐ＞１，０＜λ≤１及ｆ（ｘ）（≥０）∈Ｌｐ（０，∞），又设Ｋ（ｘ，ｙ）≥０和［Ｋ（ｘ，ｙ）］１／λ齐负一次式。若有Ｑ＞１，使λ＝２－１／Ｐ－１／Ｑ及　当λ＝１时为Ｈａｒｄｙ－Ｌｉｔｔｌｅｗｏｏｄ－Ｐｏｌｙａ不等式　当λ＝１时为Ｈａｒｄｙ－Ｌｉｔｔｌｅｗｏｏｄ－Ｐｏｌｙａ不等式之一改进。     

不等式恒成立问题中的定参方法

不等式历来是高考和竞赛命题的热点,已知不等式恒成立求参数范围,是一类常见的题型,近年来在各地的高考及模拟试题中更是屡见不鲜．笔者在多年的教学中发现这类问题有以下几种常用解法,现举例说明．１定量分方法 若不等式通过变量分离可化为ａ＜ｆ（ｘ）（或ａ ＞ｆ（ｘ））恒成立的形式,此时可利用以下定理求参数范围： 定理 Ｉ．α＞ｆ（ｘ）恒成立 ａ＞ｆ（ｘ）ｍａｘ; Ｉ．α＜ｆ（ｘ）恒成立 ａ＜ｆ（ｘ）ｍａｘ, 例１ 已知ａ（０,１）。函数ｆ（ｘ）在上有意义,求实数ｋ的取值范围． 解 由题意 ａ恒成立恒成立 因此,实数ｋ…     

混合算术──几何平均不等式的归纳证明

混合算术──几何平均不等式的归纳证明李鸿祥编译（上海铁道大学２００３３３）设ｘ１，ｘ２，…，ｘｎ是正实数，算术—几何平均不等式即是在［１］中猜想成立如下有趣的混合算术—几何平均不等式式中等号当且仅当ｘ１＝ｘ２＝…＝ｘｎ时成立．ＫｉｒａｎＫｅｄｌａｓａ...     

新题征展(4)

Ａ．题组新编１．（１）图１是四个对数函数ｙ＝ｌｏｇａｘ、ｙ＝ｌｏｇｂｘ、ｙ＝ｌｏｇｃｘ、ｙ＝ｌｏｇｄｘ的图象,则ａ、ｂ、ｃ、ｄ、０、１等六个实数之间的大小关系是　　．（２）设２＜ｍ＜ｎ＜３,则ｌｏｇｍ（ｍ－２）与ｌｏｇｎ（ｎ－２）的大小关系是　　．（３）设０＜ｍ＜ｎ＜１,则ｌｏｇｍ（ｍ＋１）与ｌｏｇｎ（ｎ＋１）的大小关系是　　．２．已知关于ｘ的二次不等式ｘ２－（ａ－２）ｘ＋３ａ＜０在区间（－２,１）内：（１）恒成立,则实数ａ的取值范围是　　;（２）无解,则实数ａ的取值范围是　　;（３）存在解,则…     

一个不等式的应用

一个不等式的应用王太武（山东省沂源县第二中学２５６１００）在《数学通报》１９９６年第７期７月号数学问题１０２３题中，曾映铁老师给出了下面一个不等式：设ｘ１，ｘ２，…，ｘｎ为实数，ｙ１，ｙ２，…，ｙｎ为正数，则有ｘ２１ｙ１＋ｘ２２ｙ２＋…＋ｘｎ２ｙｎ?..     

非整指数的丢番图不等式

本文证明了如下结果：设非零实数λ１，…，λｓ不具有同样的符号、其中至少有两数之比为无理数．设ｋ＞１２且ｋ不是整数，则存在一个绝对常数ｃ＞０，使得如果ｓ≥ｃｋｌｏｇｋ，则对任意实数。及ε＞０，不等式有无穷多组正整数解ｘｉ，这里［ｙ］表示ｙ的整数部分．     

不等式研究成果集锦(2)

１３．设ｓ、ｔ是两个非零实数,对正整数ｒ＝１,２,…,ｎ－１,定义ｎ元正实数组ａ＝（ａ１,ａ２,…,ａｎ）和正权数组λ＝（λ１,λ２,…,λｎ）的一类加权对称平均　Ｐｒ（ａ,λ;ｓ,ｔ）＝∑１≤ｉ１＜…＜ｉｒ≤ｎ（∑ｎｋ＝１λｎ－∑ｒｊ＝１λｉｊ）（ｒ－１∑ｒｊ＝１ａｓｉｊ）ｔｓＣｒｎ－１∑ｎｋ＝１λｋ１ｔ,则对ｒ＝１,２,…,ｎ－２,当ｓ＜ｔ时,有Ｐｒ（ｒ,λ;ｓ,ｔ）≥Ｐｒ＋１（ｒ,λ;ｓ,ｔ）;当ｓ＞ｔ时,上边不等式反号．（张志华,肖振纲,１９９８,３）１４．△ＡＢＣ三边长分别为ａ、ｂ、ｃ…     

｜a b｜≤｜a｜ ｜b｜取舍等号的条件应用

我们知道不等式｜ａ＋ｂ｜≤｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜是高中代数下册中２５页的一个定理,它在解有关绝对值问题中有着重要的应用．我们现对这个不等式取舍等号的条件进行分析,不难得到两条重要的推论：１．｜ａ＋ｂ｜＝｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜ａｂ≥０;２．｜ａ＋ｂ｜＜｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜ａｂ＜０．这两个基本的互逆关系,显示了数学协调美的内力,充分体现了数学问题的相互转化的作用,标志着它们必有优美的应用．下面举例说明．例１　（上海市１９８４年中学数学竞赛题）方程｜２ｘ－１｜＋｜ｘ－２｜＝｜ｘ＋１｜的实数解为．解　原方程可化为｜２ｘ－…     

一个加性混合幂丢番图不等式Ⅲ

证明了:如果λ1,…,λ11,μ是非零实数,并且不同一符号,至少有一个λi/λj是无理数,那么对任意实数η和ε>0,不等式λ1x14 … λ11x141 μy2 η<ε有无穷多正整数解x1,…,x11,y.     

On the powers of 3/2 and other rational numbers

Letp > q > 1 be two coprime integers. In this paper, we prove several results about subsets of the interval [0, 1) which does or does not contain all the fractional parts {ξ (p /q)ⁿ }, n = 0, 1, 2, …, for certain non‐zero real number ξ. We show, for instance, that there are no real ξ for which the union of two intervals [8/39, 18/39] ∪ [21/39, 31/39] contains the set {ξ (3/2)ⁿ }, n ∈ N . The most important aspect of this result is that the total length of both intervals 20/39 is greater than 1/2: the same result as above for [0, 1/2) would imply that there are no Mahler's Z ‐numbers which the best known unsolved problem in this area. On the other hand, it is shown that there are infinitely many ξ for which {ξ (3/2)ⁿ } ∈ (5/48, 43/48) for each integer n ≥ 0. We also give simpler proofs of few recent results in this area. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The generalization of Faulhaber's formula to sums of non-integral powers

A formula for the sum of any positive-integral power of the first N positive integers was published by Johann Faulhaber in the 1600s. In this paper, we generalize Faulhaber's formula to non-integral complex powers with real part greater than −1.     

Existence of solutions for fractional neutral functional differential equations driven by fBm with infinite delay

In this paper, we consider a class of fractional neutral stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay driven by a cylindrical fractional Brownian motion (fBm) in a real separable Hilbert space. We prove the existence of mild solutions by using stochastic analysis and a fixed-point strategy. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical result.     

Asymptotic Behaviour of the Castelnuovo-Mumford Regularity

In this paper the asymptotic behavior of the Castelnuovo$ndash;Mumford regularity of powers of a homogeneous ideal I is studied. It is shown that there is a linear bound for the regularity of the powers I whose slope is the maximum degree of a homogeneous generator of I, and that the regularity of I is a linear function for large n. Similar results hold for the integral closures of the powers of I. On the other hand we give examples of ideal for which the regularity of the saturated powers is asymptotically not a linear function, not even a linear function with periodic coefficients.     

混合幂的素变数丢番图逼近

证明了,如果λ1,λ2,λ3,λ4是正实数,λ1/λ2是无理数和代数效,V是well-spaced序列,δ>0,那么对于ν,∈V,ν≤X,ε>0,使得|λ1p21+λ2p22+λ3p33+λ4p34-ν|<ν-δ没有素数解P1,p2,p3,p4的ν的个数不超过O(X20/21+2δ+ε).     

Associated Primes of the Example of Brenner and Monsky

Recently, Brenner and Monsky found an example of an ideal in a hypersurface ring whose tight closure does not commute with localization, thus answered the localization problem in tight closure theory in the negative. In this article, we use Monsky's calculations to analyze the set of associated primes of the Frobenius powers of this ideal and show that this set is infinite.     

COMPUTING THE NEAREST BISYMMETRIC POSITIVE SEMIDEFINITE MATRIX UNDER THE SPECTRAL RESTRICTION

Let A and C denote real n × n matrices. Given real n-vectors x1, ... ,xm, m ≤ n, and a set of numbers L = {λ1,λ2,... ,λm}. We describe (I) the set (?) of all real n × n bisymmetric positive seidefinite matrices A such that Axi is the "best" approximate to λixi, i = 1,2,...,m in Frobenius norm and (II) the Y in set (?) which minimize Frobenius norm of ||C - Y||.An existence theorem of the solutions for Problem I and Problem II is given and the general expression of solutions for Problem I is derived. Some sufficient conditions under which Problem I and Problem II have an explicit solution is provided. A numerical algorithm of the solution for Problem II has been presented.     

Stability and convex hulls of matrix powers

Invertibility of all convex combinations of A and I is equivalent to the real eigenvalues of A, if any, being positive. Invertibility of all matrices whose rows are convex combinations of the respective rows of A and I is equivalent to A having positive principal minors (i.e. being a P-matrix). These results are extended by considering convex combinations of higher powers of A and of their rows. The invertibility of matrices in these convex hulls is associated with the eigenvalues of A lying in open sectors of the right-half plane and provides a general context for the theory of matrices with P-matrix powers.