系统多故障状态模糊决策的研究

复杂系统发生故障时，往往出现两个或两个以上故障现象，并且故障原因与故障现象之间常存在交叉关系，传统的故障树分析法无法对系统多故障进行诊断。本将模糊决策的基本原理和故障树定量分析中常用的重要度分析法相结合，提出了一种对多故障状态的分析方法，并对液化气储配站烃泵灌装系统多故障状态进行了分析，取得了良好的应用结果。     

聚类分析方法在机械故障部位诊断中的应用

润滑油光谱分析技术是不解体检测磨损故障的一种有效方法，但到目前为止，光谱分析的结论是关于整机是否正常，而不能指示出发生磨损故障的具体部位。本文提出了用聚类分析方法来诊断故障部位。通过对大量机车柴油的分析表明，该方法的诊断结果是令人满意的     

FMEA的可视化方法

进行ＦＭＥＡ（ＦａｉｌｕｒｅＭｏｄｅａｎｄＥｆｆｅｃｔｓＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓ）时，相关层次产品的故障模型，故障原因及影响间存在的复杂的关联，往往难以清晰，准确地反映在分析表中，为此，本文呈现了一个进行ＦＭＥＡ可视化方法，它能直观地表现产品的故障关联并有效地支持ＦＭＥＡ迭代处理和故障因果关系的跟踪。     

基于T—S模糊模型的非线性不确定系统奇偶方程鲁棒故障诊断

针对T-S模糊模型描述的具有外部干扰的非线性不确定系统，构造了相应的测量冗余方程和奇偶方程，给出并证明了对特定传感器和执行器故障敏感的最优奇偶向量的存在条件和求解定理．采用奇偶方程故障检测与诊断方法，研究了非线性不确定系统的鲁棒故障检测和诊断．最后，通过仿真示例说明了本文所提出的方法是有效的．     

复杂可修复系统故障数据分析处理中的两个问题

马良河等．复杂可修复系统故障数据分析处理中的两个问题．数理统计与管理，１９９８，１７（３），３７～４０．本文给出了利用部件的故障数据对复杂可修复系统的可靠性状态进行分析和估计时应首先解决的两个问题：应选取合适的故障数据及应分析系统部件的固有属性对故障数据的影响。进而给出了这两个问题的解决方法及对系统性能的分析方法。最后针对飞机发动机的一组故障数据给出了计算实例。所用工具主要是假设检验和方差分析的理论     

一种基于动态模糊综合评判的故障预测新方法

针对影响装备寿命的许多故障因素和故障关系具有复杂性、非确定性以及时变性的特点，指出了传统模糊综合评判方法的不足，提出了基于动态模糊综合评判的故障预测方法，给出了动态权重矩阵和动态隶属度的确定方法，以火炮反后坐装置为例对评判过程予以说明，证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。并将模糊综合评判与产生式规则相融合，利用复合推理机制提高预测结果的准确性。     

可修不同部件n中取r至s系统的可靠性分析

本文对可修不同部件ｎ中取ｒ至ｓ系统进行了可靠性分析，这是一类典型的非单调关联系统。研究了该系统的工作条件和故障模式，并针对简单情形得到了此类可修系统的工作状态空间，给出了系统可靠度和系统首次故障前的平均时间ＭＴＴＦＦ的Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换表达式。     

基于非齐次泊松过程的拖拉机故障规律性研究

进行了拖拉机田间作业故障跟踪试验 ,得到了拖拉机现场使用的故障数据 ,用非齐次泊松过程建立了拖拉机故障过程的数学模型 ,并用神经网络方法给出了模型的参数估计 ,讨论了拖拉机故障过程的改善与劣化与故障强度函数的关系 ,得到了拖拉机使用初期的故障强度曲线 ,给出了平均故障间隔时间的估计值 .     

考虑共因失效和负载分担的表决系统维修优化分析

随着仪器设备的大型化、精密型和复杂化，传统的单一故障模型很难精确地描述系统。针对可修的表决系统，考虑了负载分担和共因失效两种失效模式，提出了不完美的故障检测策略，并对模型进行了可靠性和维修性分析，求得了系统的瞬时可用度、稳态可用度和平均维修费用。最后通过数值案例给出了同时考虑可用度和维修费用的最优检测策略，能够为设备管理者提供决策依据。     

基于重要度的配电网络可靠性和弹性分析

由于极端天气出现的频率增加，配电网大范围停电的事故率也逐渐上升，导致了严重的经济损失。由于干扰事件的不可预见性，在研究配电网的抗灾能力外，如何在自然灾害后快速恢复配电网性能的研究；如何将重要度与弹性模型结合，综合考虑干扰事件发生后，计算配电网中不同节点的重要度，识别对配电网弹性影响较大的关键节点，也引起了人们的重视。本文基于重要度，研究了配电网络在多节点故障后的可靠性和弹性恢复模型。首先针对配电网络的弹性进行分析，建立配电网络的弹性模型。然后建立节点的弹性重要度指标，对故障节点进行重要度分析。从而判断多节点故障的配电网络中，故障节点的最优维修顺序。最后，利用IEEE14母线节点标准测试系统来验证提出模型的实用性。结果表明当配电网络在遭受干扰事件时，会经历抵御阶段，然后逐渐适应干扰事件影响。在稳定阶段给予最优的紧急恢复策略，使配电网络快速恢复供电能力，减少经济损失。     

CNC车床的故障概率模型

本文从ＣＮＣ车床的故障数据的采集入手,建立了ＣＮＣ车床的故障数据库。应用模糊综合评价的方法对ＣＮＣ车床的故障模型进行了分析     

基于端铣刀动态铣削力/力矩的新型混联机床逆向动力学仿真研究

混联机床是近年来并联机床发展的一个重要的趋势,清华大学和齐齐哈尔第二机床厂联合开发了一种新型混联机床.本文针对该机床进行了考虑铣削过程的新型混联机床的逆向动力学仿真研究,得到了端铣刀铣削参数对驱动力的影响规律.     

Design,planning, scheduling,and control problems of flexible manufacturing systems

The design and use of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) involve some intricate operations research problems.FMS design problems include, for example, determining the appropriate number of machine tools of each type, the capacity of the material handling system, and the size of buffers.FMS planning problems include the determination of which parts should be simultaneously machined, the optimal partition of machine tools into groups, allocations of pallets and fixtures to part types, and the assignment of operations and associated cutting tools among the limited-capacity tool magazines of the machine tools.FMS scheduling problems include determining the optimal input sequence of parts and an optimal sequence at each machine tool given the current part mix.FMS control problems are those concerned with, for example, monitoring the system to be sure that requirements and due dates are being met and that unreliability problems are taken care of. This paper defines and describes these FMS problems in detail for OR/MS researchers to work on.     

Tool capacity planning for semiconductor fabrication facilities under demand uncertainty

This research is motivated by issues faced by a large manufacturer of semiconductor devices. Semiconductor manufacturing companies allocate millions of dollars every year for new types of machine tools for their facilities. Typically these are special purpose machine tools which are made to order. The rate of change in products and technology makes it difficult for manufacturers to have a good estimate of future tool requirements. Further, manufacturers experience a long lead time while procuring these tools. In this paper, we model the tool capacity planning problem under uncertainty in demand. The number of tools required in a facility is sufficiently large (nearly hundred or more tools) to make it nearly impossible to obtain efficient exact algorithms. We provide heuristics to find efficient tool procurement plans and test their quality using lower bounds on the formulation.     

可重构制造系统重组过程中设备选择模型的研究

根据生产任务选择加工设备进行制造资源重组是实现可重构制造系统的关键问题之一，由于设备的选择涉及到多种因素，既有定量指标，又有定性指标，传统的依靠人工经验的方法显得力不从心。本文首先结合实际情况，提出了一套设备选择评价体系，通过对模糊判断矩阵采用最小对数二乘法确定各评价因素的权重系数，针对定性指标和定量指标采用不同的方法确定其性能指标值，通过模糊积分对评判指标进行综合评判，最后进行了实例研究。所提出的方法有效地简化了决策过程，为可重构制造系统设备选择提供了一套行之有效的方法。     

Optimal design of unreliable production–inventory systems with variable production rate

In this article, we study an economic manufacturing quantity (EMQ) problem for an unreliable production facility where the production rate is treated as a decision variable. As the stress condition of the machine changes with the production rate, the failure rate of the machine is assumed to be dependent on the production rate. The unit production cost is also taken as a function of the production rate, as the machine can be operated at different production rates resulting in different unit production costs. The basic EMQ model is formulated under general failure and general repair time distributions and the optimal production policy is derived for specific failure and repair time distributions viz., exponential failure and exponential repair time distributions. Considering randomness of the time to machine failure and corrective repair time, the model is extended to the case where certain safety stocks in inventory may be useful to improve service level to customers. Optimal production policies of the proposed models are derived numerically and the sensitivity of the optimal results with respect to those parameters which directly influence the machine failure and repair rates is also examined.     

Economic and economic-statistical design of a chi-square chart for CBM

In this paper, the economic and economic-statistical design of a χ² chart for a maintenance application is considered. The machine deterioration process is described by a three-state continuous time Markov chain. The machine state is unobservable, except for the failure state. To avoid costly failures, the system is monitored by a χ² chart. The observation process stochastically related to the machine condition is assumed to be multivariate, normally distributed. When the chart signals, full inspection is performed to determine the actual machine condition. The system can be preventively replaced at a sampling epoch and must be replaced upon failure; preventive replacement costs less than failure replacement. The objective is to find the optimal control chart parameters that minimize the long-run average maintenance cost per unit time. For the economic-statistical design, an additional constraint guaranteeing the occurrence of the true alarm signal on the chart before failure with given probability is considered. For both designs, the objective function is derived using renewal theory.     

Influence of the machine structure on micro milling process

To achieve accurate machining using the micro milling process, precise tools (diameter range 0.2 mm–2 mm) are used. Because of the special properties of the micro milling tools and the related machine structures, it is not enough to assign the classical technique in macro milling process, e.g. stability prediction respecting only the dynamics of the tool/workpiece, directly to analyze the micro milling process. It is proved to be required also to take characteristics of the entire machine structure into account. Therefore, the mechanical vibration research of the micro milling machine structure is necessary, and subsequently the modeling of the structure as a multiple body system is described. The identification of the natural frequencies of a micro milling machine structure by means of the classical modal analysis is shown, and the influence of the structure is verified by comparing the surface roughness of the manufactured workpiece in experimental testings. (© 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

卧式加工中心早期故障间隔时间分布模型研究

运用回归分析和假设检验方法 ,对卧式加工中心早期故障间隔时间进行研究 ,找出早期故障间隔时间分布模型 ,求出卧式加工中心早期故障间隔时间的概率密度函数、分布函数及故障函数。卧式加工中心在早期故障期时 ,故障率曲线为递减型 ,间隔时间服从威布尔分布     

A discrete time optimal control model with uncertainty for dynamic machine allocation problem and its application to manufacturing and construction industries

This paper proposed a discrete time optimal control model in which machine failure time is modeled assuming a Weibull distribution and machine productivity is regarded as a fuzzy variable for dealing with a dynamic machine allocation problem (DMAP) in manufacturing and construction industries. The aim is to maximize total production or construction throughput when uncertainties such as machine breakdowns are taken into account. A failure probability-work time equation is presented to describe the relationship between machine failure probability and mean time to work. To transform the uncertain optimal control model into a deterministic one, the expected value model (EVM) was introduced for forming an equivalent crisp model. The fuzzy variables in the model are also defuzzified by using an expected value operator with an optimistic–pessimistic index. Then a number of lemmas and theorems are presented and proved to formulate the theoretical algorithm so that the crisp model of the DMAP can be solved. Three actual construction and production projects are used as practical application examples. The theoretical algorithm results for the three project examples are compared with a particle swarm optimization approach and a genetic algorithm method, which demonstrates the practicality and efficiency of our optimization method.