关于长期债券是长期投者无风险资产的研究

假设短期利率服从C IR模型,通过研究投资者如何选择长期债券和短期债券进行资产配置,发现保守的长期投资者在长期债券上投资的比例更大;投资者的投资期限越长,投资的长期债券越多;在进行债券投资时不存在市场时机的选择。对于长期投资者而言,可以为其提供长期稳定收益率的长期债券才是无风险的。     

不忽略一次项损失时望大特性质量损失函数设计

田口先生提出的质量特性损失函数是用二次项来表示的,对于望大特性而言,质量特性实际上不可能达到无穷大。讨论了不能忽略一次项损失时,望大特性质量损失函数应采用二次式表示。研究了二次式损失函数中一次项损失系数和二次项损失系数确定的方法。比较分析了二次式损失函数中一次项损失和二次项损失的大小。本文的研究结果显示,田口先生经典的二次项损失函数是二次式损失函数的一种形式。实际问题也验证了本文的研究成果。     

Term rank preservers of Boolean matrices

We obtain some characterizations of linear operators that preserve the term rank of Boolean matrices. That is, a linear operator over Boolean matrices preserves the term rank if and only if it preserves the term ranks 1 and k(≠1) if and only if it preserves the term ranks 2 and l(≠2). Other characterizations of term rank preservers are given.     

A fast level set model of multi‐atlas labels fusion for 3D MRI tissues segmentation with application of split Bregman method

In this paper, we propose a new fast level set model of multi‐atlas labels fusion for 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tissues segmentation. The proposed model is aimed at segmenting regions of interest in MR images, especially the tissues such as the amygdala, the caudate, the hippocampus, the pallidum, the putamen, and the thalamus. We first define a new energy functional by taking full advantage of an image data term, a length term, and a label fusion term. Different from using the region‐scalable fitting image data term and length term directly, we define a new image data term and a new length term, which is also incorporated with an edge detect function. By introducing a spatially weight function into the label fusion term, segmentation sensitivity to warped images can be largely improved. Furthermore, the special structure of the new energy functional ensures the application of the split Bregman method, which is a significant highlight and can improve segmentation efficiency of the proposed model. Because of these promotions, several good characters, such as accuracy, efficiency, and robustness have been exhibited in experimental results. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons with other methods have demonstrated the superior advantages of the proposed model.     

一类具非标准增长条件和零阶项的抛物方程的存在性结果

在变指数背景下,我们考虑了一类具零阶项的抛物方程解的存在性结果. 存在性的证明在本质上依赖于选取合适的检验函数,这些检验函数要同时兼顾方程右端源项的可积性和零阶项. 利用先验估计和极限分析,借助于Young测度方法确立了非线性项的弱收敛元.     

Upper Bound on the Height of Terms in Proofs with Bound-Depth-Restricted Cuts

We prove an upper bound on the height of terms occurring in the most general unifier for the case where the set of term variables splits to two subsets. A term variable belongs to the first subset if the depths of all its occurrences coincide; we call such a variable a term variable of the cut type. Otherwise, a term variable belongs to the second subset. We bound from above the height of terms occurring in the most general unifier by the number of term variables not of the cut type and the size of the given unification problem. This bound implies an upper bound on the size of terms occurring in proofs in a sequent-style calculus with bound-depth-restricted cuts. Bibliography: 18 titles.     

摩擦市场的利率期限结构的无套利分析

本文用无套利方法分析有摩擦金融市场中利率的期限结构.对存在有限个债券和离散有限个到期日以及存在成比例的交易费、买卖差价、税赋这三种摩擦的金融市场,引入了相容期限结构的概念,给出了相容期限结构和套利机会的存在性结果或充要条件及它们的识别与计算方法.     

Truncation of scales by time relaxation

We study a time relaxation regularization of flow problems proposed and tested extensively by Stolz and Adams. The aim of the relaxation term is to drive the unresolved fluctuations in a computational simulation to zero exponentially fast by an appropriate and often problem dependent choice of its coefficient; this relaxation term is thus intermediate between a tunable numerical stabilization and a continuum modeling term. Our aim herein is to understand how this term, by itself, acts to truncate solution scales and to use this understanding to give insight into parameter selection.     

Calibrating affine stochastic mortality models using term assurance premiums

In this paper, we focus on the calibration of affine stochastic mortality models using term assurance premiums. We view term assurance contracts as a “swap” in which policyholders exchange cash flows (premiums vs. benefits) with an insurer analogous to a generic interest rate swap or credit default swap. Using a simple bootstrapping procedure, we derive the term structure of mortality rates from a stream of contract quotes with different maturities. This term structure is used to calibrate the parameters of affine stochastic mortality models where the survival probability is expressed in closed form. The Vasicek, Cox-Ingersoll-Ross, and jump-extended Vasicek models are considered for fitting the survival probabilities term structure. An evaluation of the performance of these models is provided with respect to premiums of three Italian insurance companies.     

Non-resonance for a strongly dissipative wave equation in higher dimensions

Under some regularity conditions, a non-resonance property is established for a semi-linear forced wave equation with a strong local damping term and Dirichlet boundary conditions in a bounded open domain. In dimension less than or equal to six, the damping term can grow at infinity like an arbitrarily large power of the velocity. If a viscosity term is added, in dimension less or equal to four a stronger result is obtained, and this property allows to construct almost periodic solutions for an arbitrary forcing term in a suitable regularity class.     

An incentive-compatible solution for trade credit term incorporating default risk

This paper studies the optimal trade credit term decision in an extended economic ordering quantity (EOQ) framework that incorporates a default risk component. A principal-agent bilevel programming model with costs minimization objectives is set up to derive the incentive-compatible credit term. The supplier determines the credit term as the leader in the first level programming, by balancing her/his financing capacity with the retailer’s default risk, order behavior and cost shifting. At the second level, the retailer makes decisions on ordering and payment time by reacting on the term offered by the supplier. A first order condition solution procedure is derived for the bilevel programming when credit term is confined within the practically feasible interval. Two key results are obtained – the condition to derive incentive-compatible credit term, and an equation system to derive threshold default risk criterion filtering retailers suitable for credit granting. Numerical experiments show that the capital cost of the supplier is the most important factor determining the credit term. Default risk acts like a filtering criterion for selecting retailers suitable for credit granting. Empirical evidence supporting our theoretical considerations is obtained by estimating three panel econometric models, using a dataset from China’s listed companies.     

A generalization of the inertia theorem for quadratic matrix polynomials

We show that the inertia of a quadratic matrix polynomial is determined in terms of the inertia of its coefficient matrices if the leading coefficient is Hermitian and nonsingular, the constant term is Hermitian, and the real part of the coefficient matrix of the first degree term is definite. In particular, we prove that the number of zero eigenvalues of such a matrix polynomial is the same as the number of zero eigenvalues of its constant term. We also give some new results for the case where the real part of the coefficient matrix of the first degree term is semidefinite.     

Fisher information and kinetic energy functionals: A dequantization approach

We strengthen the connection between information theory and quantum-mechanical systems using a recently developed dequantization procedure whereby quantum fluctuations latent in the quantum momentum are suppressed. The dequantization procedure results in a decomposition of the quantum kinetic energy as the sum of a classical term and a purely quantum term. The purely quantum term, which results from the quantum fluctuations, is essentially identical to the Fisher information. The classical term is complementary to the Fisher information and, in this sense, it plays a role analogous to that of the Shannon entropy. We demonstrate the kinetic energy decomposition for both stationary and nonstationary states and employ it to shed light on the nature of kinetic energy functionals.     

Term by term dyadic differentiation of rapidly convergent Walsh series

We examine for the first time the strong derivative on quasi-normed linear spaces. We show for a large class of such spaces (including L^p[0,1), 0<p<1, and the block spaces B_q, q≥1) that a Walsh series which converges fast enough is term by term strongly differentiable. We also investigate the case of term by term pointwise dyadic differentiation on the interval[0,1). This research supported in part by a National Science Foundation grant INT-8620153     

A characteristic-mixed finite element method for time-dependent convection-diffusion optimal control problem

In this paper, we examine the method of characteristic-mixed finite element for the approximation of convex optimal control problem governed by time-dependent convection-diffusion equations with control constraints. For the discretization of the state equation, the characteristic finite element is used for the approximation of the material derivative term (i.e., the time derivative term plus the convection term), and the lowest-order Raviart-Thomas mixed element is applied for the approximation of the diffusion term. We derive some a priori error estimates for both the state and control approximations.     

二元不确定语言术语集成算子及在群决策中的应用

针对基于不确定语言评价信息的群决策问题,本文对不确定语言术语进行拓展,定义了包含语言术语权重信息的二元不确定语言术语,并给出能克服目前不确定语言术语集成运算不足的二元不确定语言术语集成运算法则。在此基础上,提出了基于二元不确定语言术语集成算子的群决策方法,并通过算例说明决策方法的可行性和有效性。     

Global attractor for a low order ODE model problem for transition to turbulence

Many researchers have studied simple low order ODE model problems for fluid flows in order to gain new insight into the dynamics of complex fluid flows. We investigate the existence of a global attractor for a low order ODE system that has served as a model problem for transition to turbulence in viscous incompressible fluid flows. The ODE system has a linear term and an energy‐conserving, non‐quadratic nonlinearity. Standard energy estimates show that solutions remain bounded and converge to a global attractor when the linear term is negative definite, that is, the linear term is energy decreasing; however, numerical results indicate the same result is true in some cases when the linear term does not satisfy this condition. We give a new condition guaranteeing solutions remain bounded and converge to a global attractor even when the linear term is not energy decreasing. We illustrate the new condition with examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On Schnabl solutions of string field equations

We clarify the relationship between Schnabl’s solution and pure gauge configurations. Both Schnabl’s and pure gauge solutions are obtained by means of an iterative procedure. We show that the pure gauge string field configuration that is used in the construction of a perturbation series for Schnabl’s solution diverges on a large subspace of string configurations, but it can be rendered convergent by adding a compensating term. The additional term ensures the fulfillment of the equations of motion in a weak sense. This compensating term coincides with the term necessary for obtaining an action consistent with Sen’s first conjecture.     

Forced convex mean curvature flow in Euclidean spaces

We show the mean curvature flow of convex hypersurfaces in Euclidean spaces with a general forcing term may shrink to a point in finite time if the forcing term is small, or exist for all times and expand to infinity if the forcing term is large enough. The flow can converge to a round sphere in special cases. Long time existence and convergence of the normalization of the flow are studied.     

Asymptotic and exponential stability of certain third-order non-linear delayed differential equations: Frequency domain method

We use the frequency domain method to prove that the zero solution of certain third order nonlinear delayed differential equations is asymptotically stable, (when there is no forcing term). We also prove the existence of a bounded solution which is exponentially stable, (when there is a bounded forcing term). The situation for which the non-linear term is delayed is also proved.