债券定价及利率风险的市场价格的重构方法

假设利率变化的模型是由随机微分方程给出,则可以用推导Black-Scholes方程的方法来推出债券价格满足的偏微分方程,得到一个抛物型的偏微分方程.但是,在债券定价的方程中隐含有一个参数λ称为利率风险的市场价格.所谓债券定价的反问题,就是由不同到期时间的债券的现在价格来得到利率风险的市场价格.对随机利率模型下债券定价的正问题先给予介绍和差分数值求解方法,并介绍了反问题,且对反问题给出了数值方法.     

约化模型中含有交易对手信用风险的可转换债券的定价

本文在约化模型中研究了含有交易对手信用风险的可转换债券的定价问题.我们假设市场中可转换债券的违约强度过程和无风险利率过程均满足Vasicek模型,通过引入测度变换的方法导出了该模型中可转换债券的定价表达式.此外,我们通过数值分析展示了模型的参数变化对可转换债券价值的影响.     

随机利率下服从指数O-U过程的可转换债券的鞅定价

从定量的角度分析了随机利率下有股利分配的可转换债券的价值构成,并在股价服从广义O-U过程的条件下,利用鞅定价方法推导出可转换债券的定价公式.     

结构转换条件下债券期权定价研究

从利率动态变化、结构转换和期权定价三个方面进行分析,对结构转换下的债券和债券期权进行定价,考虑了结构转换对利率衍生物定价的影响,利用Ito引理获得债券定价的偏微分方程,并得到债券期权定价的特征函数与递归等式.结构转换下债券期权定价的灵敏度分析表明期权价值与初始状态概率、结构的持续性和结构波动率有关.     

市场流动性与资产价格的非线性关系——基于MS-AR和TVP-SV-SVAR模型的时变分析

本文运用MS-AR模型揭示了中国市场流动性状态转换的非线性特征,在此基础上,以股价、房价、利率、汇率和债券价格为代表,通过TVP-SV-SVAR模型构建时变脉冲响应来分析市场流动性与资产价格之间的动态效应。结果表明:市场流动性的强弱状态划分清晰,且转换时点与金融事件一致;市场非流动性对资产价格的影响主要反映在股价、利率和债券价格上,且当期正向影响股票和债券价格,负向影响利率;资产价格对市场非流动性的影响在持续时间、作用方向和强度上具有明显的时变特征。股价上涨和下跌对市场非流动性的影响具有非对称性,房价在房地产繁荣时期对市场非流动性的影响更迅速,利率在经济低迷时期对市场非流动性的影响效果较弱,汇率在人民币升值幅度加快的背景下对市场非流动性的影响持续时间更长,债券价格对市场非流动性的长期影响在债市牛市或熊市阶段为负而在债市调整阶段为正。     

基于双因子CIR强度式定价的信用债券投资组合优化

信用风险和利率风险是相互关联影响的。资产组合优化不能将这两种风险单独考虑或简单的相加,应该进行整体的风险控制,不然会造成投资风险的低估。本文的主要工作:一是在强度式定价模型的框架下,分别利用CIR随机利率模型刻画利率风险因素“无风险利率”和信用风险因素“违约强度”的随机动态变化,衡量在两类风险共同影响下信用债券的市场价值,从而构建CRRA型投资效用函数。以CRRA型投资效用函数最大化作为目标函数,同时控制利率和信用两类风险。弥补了现有研究中仅单独考虑信用风险或利率风险、无法对两种风险进行整体控制的弊端。二是将无风险利率作为影响违约强度的一个因子,利用“无风险利率因子”和“纯信用因子”的双因子CIR模型拟合违约强度,考虑了市场利率变化对于债券违约强度的影响,反映两种风险的相关性。使得投资组合模型中既同时考虑了信用风险和利率风险、又考虑了两种风险的交互影响。避免在优化资产组合时忽略两种风险间相关性、可能造成风险低估的问题。     

随机利率下有股利分配的可转换债券的鞅定价

从定量的角度分析了随机利率下有股利分配的可转换债券的价值构成, 并在股票价格服从对数正态分布的条件下, 利用Martingale Pricing方法推导出其定价公式.     

Hull-White利率模型仿真与债券估值

应用Vasicek模型和Nelson-Siegel模型估计Hull-White利率模型的参数,运用蒙特卡洛方法模拟利率路径,根据利率路径估计中国国债的价值,并进行敏感性分析.结果表明,运用蒙特卡洛方法模拟Hull-White利率模型,具有计算简单和运算速度快的特点,且债券估值的结果较为精确.该方法可广泛地应用于债券及其衍生品的定价分析.     

次分数Vasicek随机利率模型下的欧式期权定价

本文对经典的B-S模型的假设条件进行放松,在假定利率为随机波动情况下对欧式期权定价进行讨论.作为利率的载体,本文首先对零息票债券进行定价,得出利率风险的市场价格的含义.其次,利用投资组合的?对冲原理构造无风险资产,求得欧式期权在次分数布朗运动驱动的随机利率模型下所满足的偏微分方程.最后,经过变量替换转化为经典的热传导方程,获得了欧式期权定价公式.     

带有违约风险的可转换债券的简约型定价

本文考虑简约模型下带有违约风险的可转换债券的定价问题.假定市场中可转换债券的违约强度满足Vasicek模型,利用鞅方法获得了该模型下可转换债券的定价公式.此外,我们通过数值分析显示了模型参数变化对可转换债券价值影响的敏感性程度,结果也表明违约风险将降低可转换债券的价值.     

一种特殊重置期权的定价

在完全市场环境下,对文献所介绍的创新的重置期权,在幂型支付的情形下,当债券价格B（t）为时间t的确定性函数时,以鞅论和随机分析为数学工具得到了其定价公式.     

GENERALIZED STOCHASTIC DURATION INMARKOVIAN HEATH-JARROW-MORTONFRAMEWORK

1 IntroductionIll moderll financial industry, risk managen1ent is a major task tliat fiuancial institutionsnlust deal witli in every tradiug day alld it is becouilng urore and more important for mailltaining tl1eir access to clieap capital and meeting risk-based caPital requirements. Meanwhile,sonle fiuaucial iustitutions (FI) sucl1 as co1nuercial ba1lks, iusurallce companies and securitiescolllpanies. etc., hold a large proportioll of fixed income security which price is sensitive totlle mar…     

成也萧何,败也萧何？——高管金融经历与公司债券融资

基于印记理论和高层梯队理论,本文以2008至2018年发行公司债券的上市公司为研究对象,考察高管金融经历对公司债券融资的影响机理。结果表明:首先,高管金融经历在提高公司债券发行成功率的同时也会增加债券融资成本和违约风险,而对发债规模与期限并不会产生显著影响,在控制可能的内生性问题后结论依然成立;其次,具有金融经历的高管所任职公司会通过盈余管理来提高债券发行成功率,但也会增加债券的融资成本和违约风险;最后,具有证券公司或商业银行工作经历的高管对公司债券融资的影响更为显著。本文有助于实务界和理论界理解高管异质性特征对公司债券融资的影响机制,为监管部门制定防范金融风险的政策提供可靠的理论依据。     

Valuation of sinking-fund bonds in the Vasicek and CIR frameworks∗Financial support from Murst Fondo 40% on ‘Modelli di struttura a termine dei tassi d'interesse’ is gratefully acknowledged.

In a sinking-fund bond, the issuer is required to retire portions of the bond prior to maturity, with the option of doing so either by calling the bonds by lottery, or by buying them back at their market value. This paper discusses the valuation of a default-free sinking-fund bond issue in the Vasicek (1977) and, alternatively, the Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (CIR) (1985) frameworks. We show in particular that, calling the bond issue without the delivery option ‘corresponding serial’, and the one without the prepayment feature ‘corresponding coupon’, under no-arbitrage a sinking-fund bond can be priced either in terms of the corresponding coupon bond and a bond call option, or in terms of the corresponding serial and a bond put option. We also present a detailed comparative-statics analysis of our valuation model, where we show that a sinking-fund bond has a stochastic duration intermediate between the ones of the corresponding serial and coupon bonds. We argue that such a feature gives a further rational for the presence of the delivery option. Moreover, we compare our results with the ones of Ho (1985), who has previously discussed the valuation problem under scrutiny.     

分数布朗运动驱动的幂型期权定价模型研究

股价运动分形特征的发现,说明布朗运动作为期权定价模型的初始假定存在缺陷.本文假定标的资产价格服从几何分数布朗运动,利用分数风险中性测度下的拟鞅(quasi-martingale)定价方法重新求解分数Black-Scholes模型,进而对幂型期权进行定价.结果表明,幂型期权结果包含了Black-Scholes公式和平方期权结果,且相比标准期权价格,分数期权价格要同时取决于到期日和Hurst参数H.     

Optimal investment in a defaultable bond

The present paper analyzes the optimal investment strategy in a defaultable (corporate) bond and a money market account in a continuous time model. Due to jumps in the bond price our market model is incomplete. The treatment of information on the firm’s asset value is based on an approach unifying the structural model and the reduced-form model. Specifically, the asset value will be assumed to be observable only at finitely many time points before the maturity of the bond. The optimal investment process will be worked out first for a short time-horizon with a general risk-averse utility function, then a multi-period optimal strategy with logarithmic and power utility will be presented using backward induction. The optimal investment strategy is analyzed numerically for the logarithmic utility.     

基于突变级数-灰靶的生鲜电商O2O成熟度模型

为了对生鲜农产品电商O2O水平做出评估,本文设计了生鲜电商与传统流通体系融合发展的成熟度模型,确定了成熟度模型五个层级的十七个关键过程域及其目标。通过实例,运用突变级数法和灰靶决策对超市生鲜农产品020的成熟度进行了评估,使其发现经营过程中的薄弱环节并改善,向成熟度更高一层级迈进。结合突变级数和灰靶决策的成熟度模型避免了赋权的主观性,既提高了生鲜农产品电商与传统流通体系融合发展成熟度模型评估的准确性,又不失可靠性、合理性以及科学性,具有重要的实用价值。     

A maximum principle for relaxed stochastic control of linear SDEs with application to bond portfolio optimization

We study relaxed stochastic control problems where the state equation is a one dimensional linear stochastic differential equation with random and unbounded coefficients. The two main results are existence of an optimal relaxed control and necessary conditions for optimality in the form of a relaxed maximum principle. The main motivation is an optimal bond portfolio problem in a market where there exists a continuum of bonds and the portfolio weights are modeled as measure-valued processes on the set of times to maturity.     

Analytical pricing of defaultable discrete coupon bonds in unified two-factor model of structural and reduced form models

Pricing formulae for defaultable corporate bonds with discrete coupons (under consideration of the government taxes) in the united two-factor model of structural and reduced form models are provided. The aim of this paper is to generalize the two-factor structural model for defaultable corporate discrete coupon bonds (considered in [1]) into the unified model of structural and reduced form models. In our model the bond holders receive the stochastic coupon (which is the discounted value of a predetermined value at the maturity) at predetermined coupon dates and the face value (debt) and the coupon at the maturity as well as the effect of government taxes which are paid on the proceeds of an investment in bonds is considered. The expected default event occurs when the equity value is not sufficient to pay coupon or debt at the coupon dates or maturity and the unexpected default event can occur at the first jump time of a Poisson process with the given default intensity provided by a step function of time variable. We provide the model and pricing formula for equity value and using it calculate expected default barrier. Then we provide pricing model and formula for defaultable corporate bonds with discrete coupons and consider its duration.     

Free boundary problem concerning pricing convertible bond

In this paper, we consider some behaviors of the optimal conversion boundaries (i.e. free boundaries) of American‐style convertible bond with finite horizon in some case. The bond's holder may convert it into the stock of its issued firm at any time before maturity, and the firm may call it at any time before maturity. Its pricing model is a parabolic variational inequality, in which the fundamental variables are time and the stock price of the bond's issuer. We achieve some properties of the free boundary, besides the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the variational inequality, such as: the monotonicity, the boundedness, smoothness and its starting point. Moreover, we analyze the relationship between the free boundary and the parameters in the problem, as well as, obtain the critical condition where the free boundary is a constant independent of time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.