有向图斜能量的若干性质

令G为简单无向图,给图G的每条边赋予一个方向,得到的有向图记为G~σ.有向图G~σ的斜能量ε_s(G~σ)定义为G~σ的斜邻接矩阵特征值的绝对值之和.运用奇异值不等式,得到了有向图斜能量和去边后所得有向子图斜能量之间的若干性质.     

不含偶圈双圈图的极小斜能量

令G为简单连通图. 给图G的每条边赋予一个方向, 得到的有向图, 记为G^\sigma. 有向图G^\sigma的斜能量E_{s}(G^{\sigma})定义为G^\sigma的斜邻接矩阵特征值的绝对值之和. 令\mathcal{B}^\circ_{n}表示顶点个数为n不含偶圈的双圈图的集合. 考虑了\mathcal{B}^\circ_{n}中图依斜能量从小到大的排序问题. 利用有向图斜能量的积分公式和实分析的方法, 当n \geq 156和155 \geq n\geq 12时, 分别得到了\mathcal{B}^\circ_{n}中具有最小、次二小和次三小斜能量的双圈图.     

n—反Abelian子群

从n-反换位子群的定义出发,得到了它的几条重要性质.作为应用,给出了一个群为n-反A belian群的一个充要条件及p-反A belian群的一个判别法.     

一道伯克利数学问题的再讨论

对伯克利数学问题集中关于余弦函数的一个不等式建立了双边不等式.同时给出了关于反正弦函数、反余弦函数、反正切函数、反双曲正弦函数、反双曲正切函数的双边不等式.     

依赖团数的有向图极大弧连通的充分条件

互连网络通常以有向图为模型,有向图的弧连通度是网络可靠性的一个重要参数.设D是一个有向图,δ(D)是最小度,弧连通度为λ(D),则λ(D)≤δ(D).当λ(D)=δ(D)时,称有向图D是极大弧连通的.本文给出了依赖团数的有向图极大弧连通的一些充分条件.     

依赖团数的有向图极大与超级边连通的度序列条件

互连网络通常以有向图为模型,有向图的弧连通度是网络可靠性的一个重要参数.给出了依赖团数的有向图极大和超级边连通的度序列条件.     

反模糊子群的运算

作为模糊代数的一个新领域,反模糊子群对模糊代数的研究至关重要.基于已有反模糊子群和反模糊正规子群的概念,对反模糊子群的相关性质进行了更为深入研究.首先给出了反模糊子群和反模糊正规子群的充要条件,其次给出了反模糊子群的余、逆、并、积、交等运算的定义,并讨论了这几种运算的性质,从而丰富了反模糊子群的研究.     

极小和极大线有向图

F.Harary 和 R.Z.Norman 在文〔1〕中引入了线有向图.在文〔2〕中,Geller 和 Harary 给出了线有向图的几个充要条件,本文第一节指出其中有一个不够完备,并提出了改正意见.在文〔3〕中,Sumner 研究了极小线图,本文第二节将这个概念引入有向图,并得到有关充要条件.第三节引入了极大线有向图,也得到了一些结果.     

正圆有向图中的弧不相交的Hamilton路和圈

2012年,Bang-Jensen和Huang(J.Combin.Theory Ser.B.2012,102:701-714)证明了2-弧强的局部半完全有向图可以分解为两个弧不相交的强连通生成子图当且仅当D不是偶圈的二次幂,并提出了任意3-强的局部竞赛图中包含两个弧不相交的Hamilton圈的猜想.主要研究正圆有向图中的弧不相交的Hamilton路和Hamilton圈,并证明了任意3-弧强的正圆有向图中包含两个弧不相交的Hamilton圈和任意4-弧强的正圆有向图中包含一个Hamilton圈和两个Hamilton路,使得它们两两弧不相交.由于任意圆有向图一定是正圆有向图,所得结论可以推广到圆有向图中.又由于圆有向图是局部竞赛图的子图类,因此所得结论说明对局部竞赛图的子图类――圆有向图,Bang-Jensen和Huang的猜想成立.     

本原不可幂带号有向图的lewin数的界

如果存在正整数k使得对于D中任意两点u和v(允许u=v),在D中都有从u到v的长为k的有向途径,则称有向图D是本原的.给有向图的每条弧赋以符号+1或者-1得到的图S称为带号有向图.如果带号有向图S中包含SSSD途径对,即包含两条有相同的起点,相同的终点,相同的长度,并且有不同的符号的途径对,则称S是不可幂的.在本文中,我们将Lewin M提出的lewin数的概念从本原有向图推广到本原不可幂带号有向图,给出了本原不可幂带号有向图S的lewin数l(S)的若干上界,并提出了一个公开问题.     

3-Regular digraphs with optimum skew energy

The skew energy of a digraph D is defined as the sum of the singular values of its skew adjacency matrix $S(D)$. In this paper, we first interpret the entries of the power of the skew adjacency matrix of a digraph in terms of the number of its walks and then focus on the question posed by Adiga et al. [C. Adiga, R. Balakrishnan, Wasin So, The skew energy of a graph, Linear Algebra Appl. 432 (2010) 1825–1835] of determining all $3$-regular connected digraphs with optimum skew energy.     

对称本原有向图广义重上指数的极图刻划

一个有向图Ｄ称为本原有向图,若存在某自然数ｋ,使Ｄ中任一点ｕ到任 一点ｖ都有长为ｋ之途径．若Ｄ是一个对称有向图,则Ｄ是本原的当且仅当Ｄ对 应的无向图连通且至少包含一个奇圈。文［２］给出了具有最小奇圈长ｒ的ｎ阶对称本 原有向图广义ｋ重上指数的最大数．本文将在此基础上,给出其极图的完全刻划．     

强哈密尔顿连通有向图的一个注记

利用收缩技术,证明了1)阶为n=2k且最小半度至少是k的有向图D是强哈密尔顿连通的,除非D属于某些图类;2)2强连通且包含n个顶点、(n-1)(n-2)+4条弧的有向图是强哈密尔顿连通的,除非D属于某些图类.     

Weakly distance-regular digraphs

We introduce the concept of weakly distance-regular digraph and study some of its basic properties. In particular, the (standard) distance-regular digraphs, introduced by Damerell, turn out to be those weakly distance-regular digraphs which have a normal adjacency matrix. As happens in the case of distance-regular graphs, the study is greatly facilitated by a family of orthogonal polynomials called the distance polynomials. For instance, these polynomials are used to derive the spectrum of a weakly distance-regular digraph. Some examples of these digraphs, such as the butterfly and the cycle prefix digraph which are interesting for their applications, are analyzed in the light of the developed theory. Also, some new constructions involving the line digraph and other techniques are presented.     

ON THE EXPONENT SET OF PRIMITIVELOCALLY SEMICOMPLETE DIGRAPHS

A locally semicomplete digraph is a digraph D=(V,A) satisfying the following condi-tion for every vertex x∈V the D[O(x)] and D[I(x)] are semicomplete digraphs. In this paper,we get some properties of cycles and determine the exponent set of primitive locally semicompleted digraphs.     

有向图的L(j,k)数的上界

给定正整数j≥k,有向图D的一个L(j,k)-标号是指从V(D)到非负整数集的一个函数f,使得当x在D中邻接到y时|f(x)-f(y)|≥j,当x在D中到y距离为二时|f(x)-f(y)|≥k.f的像元素称为标号.L(j,k)一标号问题就是确定(?)j,k-数(?)j,k(D),这个参数等于(?) max{f(x)|x∈V(D)},这里f取遍D的所有L(j,k)-标号.本文根据有向图的有向着色数及最长有向路的长度来研究(?)j,k-数,证明了:(1)对任何有向着色数为(?)(D)的有向图D,(?)j,k(D)≤((?)(D)-1)j;(2)对任何最长有向路的长度为l的有向图D,如果不含有向圈或者D中最长有向圈长度为l 1,则(?)j,k(D)≤lj.并且这两个界都是可达的.最后我们对l=3的有向图给出了3j-L(j,k)-labelling的一个有效算法.     

Gaussian integral circulant digraphs

The spectrum of a digraph in general contains real and complex eigenvalues. A digraph is called a Gaussian integral digraph if it has a Gaussian integral spectrum that is all eigenvalues are Gaussian integers. In this paper, we consider Gaussian integral digraphs among circulant digraphs.     

有向P2-路图的结构性质

一个有向图D的有向Pk-路图Pk(D)是通过把D中的所有有向k长路作为点集;两点u= x1x2…xk+1,v=y1y2…yk+1之间有弧uv当xi=yi-1,i=2,3,…,k+1.明显地,当k=1时Pk(D)就是通常的有向线图L(D).在[1,2]中,P2-路图得到完整刻画.在[3]中,Broersma等人研究了有向...     

The skew energy of a digraph

We are interested in the energy of the skew-adjacency matrix of a directed graph D, which is simply called the skew energy of D in this paper. Properties of the skew energy of D are studied. In particular, a sharp upper bound for the skew energy of D is derived in terms of the order of D and the maximum degree of its underlying undirected graph. An infinite family of digraphs attaining the maximum skew energy is constructed. Moreover, the skew energy of a directed tree is independent of its orientation, and interestingly it is equal to the energy of the underlying undirected tree. Skew energies of directed cycles under different orientations are also computed. Some open problems are presented.     

Locally semicomplete digraphs: A generalization of tournaments

In this paper we introduce a new class of directed graphs called locally semicomplete digraphs. These are defined to be those digraphs for which the following holds: for every vertex x the vertices dominated by x induce a semicomplete digraph and the vertices that dominate x induce a semicomplete digraph. (A digraph is semicomplete if for any two distinct vertices u and ν, there is at least one arc between them.) This class contains the class of semicomplete digraphs, but is much more general. In fact, the class of underlying graphs of the locally semi-complete digraphs is precisely the class of proper circular-arc graphs (see [13], Theorem 3). We show that many of the classic theorems for tournaments have natural analogues for locally semicomplete digraphs. For example, every locally semicomplete digraph has a directed Hamiltonian path and every strong locally semicomplete digraph has a Hamiltonian cycle. We also consider connectivity properties, domination orientability, and algorithmic aspects of locally semicomplete digraphs. Some of the results on connectivity are new, even when restricted to semicomplete digraphs.