供应商竞争下的供应链多边谈判

探讨了单买方多供应商基于供应链利润分配的多边谈判,其中的供应商具有不同讨价还价力.多边谈判程序为买方与单个供应商轮流进行双边谈判.此种情形下,供应商参与双边谈判的顺序影响供应商所获谈判利润,同时基于讨价还价力供应商通过向买方支付排位费用竞争双边谈判位置.结果给出了供应商竞争下多边谈判的唯一均衡,以及均衡状态下各方所获利润.本文构建了供应商讨价还价力不同情形下供应链多边谈判分析框架,并指出讨价还价力的不同使能力强的供应商通过竞争双边谈判位置而获利.     

基于序贯Nash谈判博弈的石油开采策略研究

考虑国外环保组织与石油开采公司游说发展中国家政府制定石油开采政策的情形，构建序贯非对称Nash谈判博弈模型：政府首先与国外环保组织以及石油开采公司进行三方谈判；如果三方谈判破裂，则政府选择一方进行双边谈判，谈判破裂点为政府与另一方进行双边谈判的结果；如果后者的双边谈判破裂，则政府选择最大化国家福利的石油开采政策。研究表明：在三方谈判中，如果一个游说团体筹集资金的成本低或政府对其缴纳的费用给予更高的评估，则该游说团体对政府决策具有更大的影响；三方谈判破裂后对政府决策仍产生影响的游说团体在三方谈判均衡中所支付的费用低于在双边谈判均衡中所支付的费用；当环保组织与政府之间不存在利益冲突时，环保组织可能受益于其维护三方谈判的行为。     

多Agent自动谈判情感决策模型研究

在基于多Agent的自动谈判中,谈判Agent往往采取一个相对固定的策略,使得Agent对动态变化的谈判环境缺乏适应性。根据情感理论的研究成果,本文提出建立情感决策模型来提高Agent的智能程度和适应性。在对谈判Agent情感决策过程进行分析后,建立了一般情况下的情感产生模型和决策模型,并通过在单属性自动谈判环境下,运用具体的情感决策模型和实际数据进行试验,实证了数据模型的有效性。本文的研究成果,可以应用到各种形式的基于多Agent的自动谈判中。     

基于辩论的多agent商务谈判辩论产生和决策过程研究

由于在自动谈判中加入辩论成分能够允许Agent在谈判过程中通过辩论的形式交换和交流额外的信息,进而影响对方的信念、偏好、意向或目标,使谈判向着有利于达成协议方向发展,并提高谈判效率,降低交易成本,因此已经成为多Agent商务谈判领域的热点发展方向.本文针对如何产生辩论这一重要问题进行研究,提出了"候选辩论集的产生策略"和"基于冲突分析的辩论目标产生模型",分析了基于辩论的多Agent商务谈判决策过程,并通过原型系统进行了验证.本文的研究成果将促使多Agent商务谈判系统向着更为实用方向发展.     

二人谈判问题

本文避开了Nash谈判公理,根据实际情况建立了支付可转让和支付不可转让两类谈判问题模型,并通过引入谈判因子,给出了类似的谈判解.     

基于优先加权平均算子的区间双边犹豫模糊多属性决策方法研究

为解决属性间具有优先级关系的区间双边犹豫模糊多属性决策问题,定义了区间双边犹豫模糊优先加权平均(IVDHFPWA)算子。首先允许决策者采用区间双边犹豫模糊数这种更直观的方法来表达决策信息,然后利用得分值获得具有优先关系的属性权重,并提出了IVDHFPWA算子并论证了相关性质,进而构建了一种基于IVDHFPWA算子的具有属性优先关系的多属性决策方法。最后,将方法应用在应急预案的选择中。     

基于约束放松的电子商务协同谈判模型

在众多的自动谈判模式中，协同谈判是一种新型的多线程谈判形式。文章分析了面向电子商务的协同谈判中的冲突问题，提出了解决谈判冲突的方法——满意度函数法。该方法在谈判模型中用约束网来表示谈判中的变量和约束关系，通过约束放松来解决谈判中的冲突。作者在对约束及约束网进行详细分析的基础上设计了约束传播算法，用它来求解约束网问题。文章通过实例验证了提出的论点和方法的正确性。采用这种基于约束放松的协同谈判模型可以有效地解决谈判中的冲突，提高谈判的效率。该方法的应用可为解决多个谈判的组合问题提供一种新的思路。     

市场力量、谈判能力与专利许可的Shapley值

分别在国内市场力量能否形成谈判能力的条件下,讨论了一个国外专利权人对两个国内厂商进行专利许可的两种谈判结果.若市场力量不能形成谈判能力,则国外专利权人将获得许可创造的全部利润;若市场力量能够形成谈判能力,则可能形成一种较为公平的、专利许可的Shapley值.结合现实中的专利许可实务,提出了将市场力量转化为谈论能力的建议.     

属性权重信息不完全的双边匹配多目标决策模型的研究

以C2C电子商务为实际背景，研究了在商品属性权重信息不完全的情况下买卖双方的双边匹配问题。首先给出了C2C电子商务中商品属性权重信息不完全的双边匹配问题的数学描述；然后在此基础上，以最大化匹配度和交易额为目标，建立了双边匹配多目标决策模型，并依据该模型是一类多目标混合0.1整数二次规划模型的特点，设计了模型的求解方法；最后通过一个仿真实例的计算，说明了模型及求解方法的有效性和可行性。     

竞争与合作并存下的协同谈判模型研究

本文对供应链上核心企业与多个上、下游企业同时谈判进行了研究。针对多个上游企业存在竞争的条件下,本文提出了完备供应链的概念并设计了完备供应链搜索算法。进一步,建立了供应链上企业间协同谈判模型,对每条完备供应链分别进行谈判求解,并根据核心企业利益和供应链离差绝对值和比较分析各完备供应链谈判结果,选择能使核心企业和整个供应链利益最大化的谈判方案。通过研制原型系统对协同谈判进行实验,证实了本文提出的协同谈判模型和域传播算法的正确性。本文提出的协同谈判模型,可以优化资源配置,使供应链上的企业达到共赢,提高谈判的效率。     

Use of the equivalent attribute technique in multi-criteria planning of local energy systems

This paper discusses how the equivalent attribute technique (EAT) can be used to improve the comprehensibility of a multi-attribute utility theory study. When using EAT, ‘vague’ expected total utility values are converted into equivalent values for one of the attributes being considered, often an economic attribute. Two models are considered: a simplified linear model, and a more advanced non-linear model that includes the DM’s strength-of-preference and risk attitude. EAT is particularly useful in distinguishing between alternatives with similar utility values. When the difference between utility values is larger, the choice among the alternatives should be clear, and EAT therefore becomes less useful. The technique can still be used, although extra care is needed when choosing the equivalent attribute. A local energy-planning problem is used as a case study to illustrate and exemplify the EAT approach.     

基于多目标属性决策和信息熵值法的港口集装箱装卸设备选型评价

装卸设备选型对专业集装箱码头的发展具有重大意义,本文从这一现实问题入手,基于集装箱装卸设备选型的多属性特征以及港口物流工业的一体化趋势,提出了基于信息熵值法的多目标属性决策模型(Multi-attribute decision-making Model Based on Information Entropy Method, MADM-IEM)。以装卸设备为研究对象,构建全面的装卸设备选型评价指标体系;针对指标属性不相容性和不确定性、相关指标难以量化呈现的特点,运用多属性决策和信息熵值法的数据效用值相结合的方法,客观、合理地计算属性指标的权重系数,并进行归一化处理;在此基础上结合ELECTRE法和TOPSIS法,对装卸设备进行综合排序,由此确定设备选型结果。注意到,两种方法求解结果具有一致性,验证了该模型的可行性和有效性。最后对港口装卸设备选型评价进行灵敏度分析,深入讨论评价指标的权重变动对结果的影响。研究结果充分表明提出的MADM-IEM模型能为中小型内河港口码头的基础建设规划提供科学合理的决策依据。     

绿色建筑项目管理综合均衡优化研究

绿色建筑凭借其诸多优点,已然成为我国未来建筑发展的新方向,而对绿色建筑的工期、成本和功能进行全面系统研究并进行综合均衡优化,对于促进绿色建筑的发展具有深远影响.在描述各工程活动的成本和持续时间之间、功能和持续时间之间的非线性关系基础上,运用多属性效用函数理论构建了绿色建筑项目的功能一工期一成本综合均衡优化模型,并用遗传算法进行求解,可以得到最佳均衡解.最后通过一个实例验证了优化模型具有良好的科学性和实用性.     

基于语言值2元组的多属性决策方法

利用2元组方法建立了一个语言值决策模型和LOW A算子模型,这两个模型具有可操作性强和语义明确等优点,特别是充分利用了语言值所含的信息,提高了决策结果的精度.最后,利用这两个模型给出了基于语言值的多属性群决策方法,同时给出一个应用实例.     

基于熵和关联系数的概率对偶犹豫模糊多属性决策方法

针对概率对偶犹豫模糊环境下属性权重完全未知的多属性决策问题,提出基于熵和关联系数的多属性决策方法。首先定义了概率对偶犹豫模糊熵的公理化定义和公式,然后基于概率对偶犹豫模糊集的特征信息集合和熵测度定义了概率对偶犹豫模糊集的关联系数,最后根据概率对偶犹豫模糊集的熵和关联系数构建多属性决策模型,并通过算例验证了该模型的有效性和合理性。     

Stakeholder bargaining games

We study bilateral bargaining problems with an interested third party, the stakeholder, that enjoys benefits upon a bilateral agreement. To address the strategic implications of stakeholders over negotiations, we consider a model where two bargainers interact in the presence of a third party that (a) can transfer a share of her benefits to the bargainers but cannot receive a share of the bilateral surplus, and (b) while she may not participate in all periods of the negotiation, she cannot remain entirely inhibited. Our main findings are:(1) the stakeholder’s (reverse) liquidity constraint implies the existence of a multiplicity of stationary subgame perfect equilibria that include outcomes with very asymmetric bilateral agreements, and (2) the partial participation of the stakeholder may be the source of severe inefficiency     

A genetic algorithms simulation approach for the multi-attribute combinatorial dispatching decision problem

This paper presents a genetic algorithms (GA) simulation approach in solving a multi-attribute combinatorial dispatching (MACD) decision problem in a flow shop with multiple processors (FSMP) environment. The simulation is capable of modeling a non-linear and stochastic problem. GA are one of the commonly used metaheuristics and are a proven tool for solving complex optimization problems. The proposed GA simulation approach addresses a complex MACD problem. Its solution quality is illustrated by a case study from a multi-layer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) manufacturing plant. Because GA search results are often sensitive to the search parameters, this research optimized the GA parameters by using regression analysis. Empirical results showed that the GA simulation approach outperformed several commonly used dispatching rules. The improvements are ranging from 33% to 61%. On the other hand, the increased shop-floor-control complexity may hinder the implementation of the system. Finally, future research directions are discussed.     

Delay in the alternating-offers model of bargaining

Alternating offers bargaining has been extensively used to model two-sided negotiations. The celebrated model of Rubinstein [Econometrica 50(1):97–109, 1982] has provided a formal justification for equitable payoff division. A typical assumption of these models under risk is that the termination event means a complete and irrevocable breakdown in negotiations. In this paper, the meaning of termination is reinterpreted as the imposition to finish negotiations immediately. Specifically, bargaining terminates when the last offer becomes definitive. While Rubinstein’s model predicts an immediate agreement with stationary strategies, we show that the same payoff allocation is attainable under non-stationary strategies. Moreover, the payoffs in delayed equilibria are potentially better for the proposer than those in which agreement is immediately reached.     

Tactical planning of offshore petroleum production

This paper describes a model for tactical planning of Norwegian petroleum production. The problem involves regulation of production levels from wells, splitting of production flows into oil and gas products, further processing of gas and transportation in a pipeline network. Blending and processing of gas is necessary to satisfy quality requirements in the markets. The problem is formulated with multi-component flows, regulation alternatives in production, non-linear splitting for chemical processing and linear quality constraints on composite products. Production and splitting are modelled with integer requirements. The model is implemented in Xpress^MP with a Visual Basic supported user interface in Excel. It is constructed in cooperation with the major Norwegian oil company, Statoil and can identify optimal production patterns and assist in planning of possible shut-downs, demonstrate system robustness to customers and aid in contract negotiations.