Construct weak Hopf algebras by using Borcherds matrix

We define a new kind quantized enveloping algebra of a generalized Kac-Moody algebra by adding a new generator J satisfying jm = j for some integer m. We denote this algebra by wUqT（A）. This algebra is a weak Hopf algebra if and only if m = 2,3. In general, it is a bialgebra, and contains a Hopf subalgebra. This Hopf subalgebra is isomorphic to the usual quantum envelope algebra Uq （A） of a generalized Kac-Moody algebra A.     

数学学报英文版Vol．23(2007)，No．10论文摘要

<正>Weak Hopf Algebras Corresponding to Borcherds-Cartan Matrices Li Xia YE Zhi Xiang WU Xue Feng MEI Let y be a generalized Kac-Moody algebra with an integral Borcherds-Cartan matrix.In this paper,we define a d-type weak quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebra wU_q~d(y), which is a weak Hopf algebra.We also study the highest weight module over the weak quantum algebra wU_q~d(y)and weak A-forms of wU_q~d(y).     

Weak Tensor Category and Related Generalized Hopf Algebras

There are at least two kinds of generalization of Hopf algebra, i.e. pre-Hopf algebra and weak Hopf algebra. Correspondingly, we have two kinds of generalized bialgebras, almost bialgebra and weak bialgebra. Let L = （L, ×, I, a, l, r） be a tensor category. By giving up I, l, r and keeping ×, a in L, the first author got so-called pre-tensor category L = （L, ×, a） and used it to characterize almost bialgebra and pre-Hopf algebra in Comm. in Algebra, 32（2）： 397-441 （2004）. Our aim in this paper is to generalize tensor category L = （L, ×, I, a, l, r） by weakening the natural isomorphisms l, r, i.e. exchanging the natural isomorphism ll^-1 = rr^-1 = id into regular natural transformations lll= l, rrr = r with some other conditions and get so-called weak tensor category so as to characterize weak bialgebra and weak Hopf algebra. The relations between these generalized （bialgebras） Hopf algebras and two kinds generalized tensor categories will be described by using of diagrams. Moreover, some related concepts and properties about weak tensor category will be discussed.     

Weak Hopf Algebra in Yetter-Drinfeld Categories and Weak Biproducts

The Yetter-Drinfeld category of the Hopf algebra over a field is a pre braided category. In this paper we prove this result for the weak Hopf algebra. We study the smash product and smash coproduct, weak biproducts in the weak Hopf algebra over a field k. For a weak Hopf algebra A in left Yetter-Drinfeld category HHYD. we prove that the weak biproducts of A and H is a weak Hopf algebra.     

A maschke type theorem for weak Hopf algebras

In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a comodule algebra over a weak Hopf algebra to have a total integral, thus extending the classical theory developed by Doi in the Hopf algebra setting. Also, from these results, we deduce a version of Maschke＇s Theorem for （H, B）-Hopf modules associated with a weak Hopf algebra H and a right H-comodule algebra B.     

量子代数${\cal U}_q(f(K,H))$的量子伴随作用

The aim of this paper is to study the adjoint action for the quantum algebra Uq（f（K, H））, which is a natural generalization of quantum algebra Uq（sl2） and is regarded as a class of generalized Weyl algebra..The structure theorem of its locally finite subalgebra F（Uq（f（K, H））） is given.     

Crossed Products over Weak Hopf Algebras Related to Cleft Extensions and Cohomology

The authors present the general theory of cleft extensions for a cocommutative weak Hopf algebra H.For a right H-comodule algebra,they obtain a bijective correspondence between the isomorphisms classes of H-cleft extensions AH → A,where AH is the subalgebra of coinvariants,and the equivalence classes of crossed systems for H over AH.Finally,they establish a bijection between the set of equivalence classes of crossed systems with a fixed weak H-module algebra structure and the second cohomology group HφZ(AH)2(H,Z(AH)),where Z(AH)is the center of AH.     

Matching Realization of Uq（sln＋1） of Higher Rank in the Quantum Weyl Algebra Wq（2n）

In the paper, we further realize the higher rank quantized universal enveloping algebra Uq（sln＋1） as certain quantum differential operators in the quantum Weyl algebra Wq （2n） defined over the quantum divided power algebra Sq（n） of rank n. We give the quantum differential operators realization for both the simple root vectors and the non-simple root vectors of Uq（sln＋1）. The nice behavior of the quantum root vectors formulas under the action of the Lusztig symmetries once again indicates that our realization model is naturally matched.     

Self-dual weak Hopf algebras

In this paper, we define the notion of self-dual graded weak Hopf algebra and self-dual semilattice graded weak Hopf algebra. We give characterization of finite-dimensional such algebras when they are in structually simple forms in the sense of E. L. Green and E. N. Morcos. We also give the definition of self-dual weak Hopf quiver and apply these types of quivers to classify the finite- dimensional self-dual semilattice graded weak Hopf algebras. Finally, we prove partially the conjecture given by N. Andruskiewitsch and H.-J. Schneider in the case of finite-dimensional pointed semilattice graded weak Hopf algebra H when grH is self-dual.     

Morita context of weak Hopf algebras

Let H be a finite-dimensional weak Hopf algebra and A a left H-module algebra with its invariant subalgebra A~H.We prove that the smash product A#H is an A-ring with a grouplike character, and give a criterion for A#H to be Frobenius over A. Using the theory of A-rings, we mainly construct a Morita context connecting the smash product A#H and the invariant subalgebra A~H , which generalizes the corresponding results obtained by Cohen, Fischman and Montgomery.     

Jackson＇s Theorem on Bounded Symmetric Domains

Polynomial approximation is studied on bounded symmetric domain Ω in C^n for holomorphic function spaces X such as Bloch-type spaces, Bergman-type spaces, Hardy spaces, Ω algebra and Lipschitz space. We extend the classical Jackson＇s theorem to several complex variables：Eκ（f,X）≤ω（1/k,f,X）, where Eκ（f,X） is the deviation of the best approximation of f ∈X by polynomials of degree at most k with respect to the X-metric and ω（1/k,f,X） is the corresponding modulus of continuity.     

On the Order of Magnitude of the Divisor Function

Let D be an increasing sequence of positive integers, and consider the divisor functions： d（n, D） =∑d｜n,d∈D,d≤√n1, d2（n,D）=∑[d,δ]｜n,d,δ∈D,[d,δ]≤√n1, where [d,δ]=1.c.m.（d,δ）. A probabilistic argument is introduced to evaluate the series ∑n=1^∞and（n,D） and ∑n=1^∞and2（n,D）.     

Universal Similarity Factorization Equalities over Generalized Clifford Algebras

For any element a in a generalized 2^n-dimensional Clifford algebra Lln （F） over an arbitrary field F of characteristic not equal to two, it is shown that there exits a universal invertible matrix Pn over Lln（F） such that Pn^-1DnPn= φ（α）∈F^2n×2n, where φ（a） is a matrix representation of α over and Dα is a diagonal matrix consisting of a or its conjugate.     

Some Limit Theorems for a Particle System of Single Point Catalytic Branching Random Walks

We study the scaling limit for a catalytic branching particle system whose particles perform random walks on Z and can branch at 0 only. Varying the initial （finite） number of particles, we get for this system different limiting distributions. To be more specific, suppose that initially there are n^β particles and consider the scaled process Zt^n（·） = Znt（√n·）, where Zt is the measure-valued process 1 and to a representing the original particle system. We prove that Ztn converges to 0 when β 〈1/4 and to a nondegenerate discrete distribution when β=1/4.In addition,if 1/4〈β〈1/2 then n-^（2β-1/2）Zt^n converges to a random limit,while if β 〉21then n^-βZtn converges to a deterministic limit.     

A Representation of the Lorentz Spin Group and Its Application

For an integer m ≥ 4, we define a set of 2[m/2] × 2[m/2] matrices γj （m）, （j = 0, 1,..., m - 1） which satisfy γj （m）γk （m） ＋γk （m）γj （m） = 2ηjk （m）I[m/2], where （ηjk （m）） 0≤j,k≤m-1 is a diagonal matrix, the first diagonal element of which is 1 and the others are -1, I[m/2] is a 2[m/1] × 2[m/2] identity matrix with [m/2] being the integer part of m/2. For m = 4 and 5, the representation （m） of the Lorentz Spin group is known. For m≥ 6, we prove that （i） when m = 2n, （n ≥ 3）, （m） is the group generated by the set of matrices {T｜T=1/√ξ（（I＋k） 0 ＋ 0 I-K） （ U 0 0 U）, （ii） when m = 2n ＋ 1 （n≥ 3）, （m） is generated by the set of matrices {T｜T=1/√ξ（I -k^- k I）U,U∈ （m-1）,ξ=1-m-2 ∑k,j=0 ηkja^k a^j〉0, K=i[m-3 ∑j=0 a^j γj（m-2）＋a^（m-2） In],K^-=i[m-3∑j=0 a^j γj（m-2）-a^（m-2） In]}     

On Well-posed Mutually Nearest and Mutually Furthest Point Problems in Banach Spaces

Let G be a non-empty closed(resp．bounded closed)boundedly relatively weakly compact subset in a strictly convex Kadec Banach space X．Let K(X)denote the space of all non-empty compact convex subsets of X endowed with the Hausdorff distance．Moreover,let KG(X)denote the closure of the set {A∈K(x)：A∩G=0}．We prove that the set of all A∈KG(X)(resp．A∈K(X)),such that the minimization (resp．maximization)problem min(A,G)(resp．max(A,G))is well posed,contains a dense Gδ-subset of KG(X)(resp．K(X))．thus extending the recent results due to Blasi,Myjak and Papini and Li．     

More on Bounding Introspection in Modal Nonmonotonic Logics

Abstract By we denote the set of all propositional formulas. Let be the set of all clauses. Define . In Sec. 2 of this paper we prove that for normal modal logics , the notions of -expansions and -expansions coincide. In Sec. 3, we prove that if I consists of default clauses then the notions of -expansions for I and -expansions for I coincide. To this end, we first show, in Sec. 3, that the notion of -expansions for I is the same as that of -expansions for I. The project is supported by NSFC     

Asymptotic Expansions of the Heat Kernel of the Laplacian for General Annular Bounded Domains with Robin Boundary Conditions：Further Results

The asymptotic expansions of the trace of the heat kernel θ(t)=∑^∞v=1^exp(-tλv) for small positive t,where {λv} are the eigenvalues of the negative Laplacian -△n=-∑^ni=1(D/Dx^1)^2 in R^2(n=2 or 3),are studied for a general annular bounded domain Ω with a smooth inner boundary DΩ1 and a smooth outer boundary DΩ2,where a finite number of piecewise smooth Robin boundary conditions(D/Dnj γh)Ф=0 on the components Гj(j= 1,...,m) of (DΩ1 and on the components Гj (j=k 1,…,m) of of DΩ2 are considered such that DΩl=U^kj=lГj and DΩ2= U^m=k 1Гj and where the coefficients γj(j=1,...,m) are piecewise smooth positive functions. Some applications of θ(t) for an ideal gas enclosed in the general annular bounded domain Ω are given. Further results are also obtained.