储油罐横向偏转变位后罐容表的重新标定算法

由于地基变形等原因,地下储油罐使用一段时间后罐体的变位会导致原标定的罐容表失效。本文针对常用储油罐的几何形状,用微元法推导了根据罐内油位高度计算储油量的公式,给出了储油罐发生横向偏转时探针测量的油位高度与罐中油位实际高度的关系,建立了储油罐变位后储油量与变位参数和探针测量油位高度关系的数学模型,为识别罐体位置的变位和罐容表重新标定提供理论依据,给出了罐容表的初始标定与变位后的重新标定算法。     

储油罐变位识别与罐容表标定问题的研究

通过对实验罐和实际储油罐的分析与建模,给出了变位识别的一般方法．首先,对于实验罐,使用复化求积方法推导了函数关系,并通过对原模型的修正,使得模型所标定的罐容表与观测值之间的误差达到千分之一的数量级．其次,实际储油罐在实验罐的基础上增加了一维变位变量．利用复化积分求得体积的表达式,再选出最优变位参数组合α=2．4°,β=0．5°．最后,给出了罐容表的标定水平．     

储油罐的变位识别与罐容表标定

研究了储油罐的变位识别与罐容表重新标定的问题,利用三重积分的方法和Maple软件对平底椭圆柱储油罐油量的表达式进行了精确求解,并利用实验数据对求解结果进行了误差补偿;利用近似积分算法对主体为圆柱,两端为球冠的储油罐的油量表达式进行了近似求解,通过建立优化模型,搜索算法和Matlab软件求解出了问题二中的变位角度,并利用实验数据对求解结果进行了检验;最后利用得到的油量表达式给出了两个储油罐的罐容表.     

基于修正积分模型的油量表重新标定与储油罐变位识别的研究

针对储油罐在使用一定时间后会发生变位即纵向倾斜和横向偏转导致罐容表度量不准确的问题，利用修正的积分方法分别建立椭圆油罐变位后储油量与油位高度模型和两头为球冠体储油罐变位后储油量与油位高度模型及变位参数确定模型，针对上述模型通过Matlab软件求解，得到了重新标定的椭圆储油罐和两头为球冠体储油罐的油量表，确定了储油罐的纵...     

储油罐的变位识别与罐容表标定模型

用数学建模方法试图研究解决储油罐变位识别与罐容表标定问题.首先精确推导了无变位以及纵向倾斜时罐内储油量与油位高度的函数关系,且设计了两种系统误差补偿方法.一种是基于等效思想的δ值法,另一种拟合法.其次,确定变位参数时依然使用补偿思想,将球冠体部分的储油体积和系统误差统一为整体拟合成油位高度h的三次多项式,并应用最小二乘...     

CT系统参数标定及成像的数学模型

本文首先借助MATLAB软件对CT扫描的接受信息进行拟合,得出一系列关于CT系统参数标定及成像的图像.然后通过对接受信息与图像的综合处理,建立了CT系统参数的标定模型与介质在CT系统中的成像模型.     

椭圆柱型卧式油罐容积的计算

1974年春我们在荣河榨油厂开门办学期间,曾与油脂浸出车间的同志一起,研究并改进了椭圆柱型(包括圆柱型,下同)卧式油罐容积的计算问题.图1是椭圆柱型卧式油罐的主、左视图.主视图上中间的部分叫罐身,是一个轴线水平的椭圆柱休;两端的部分叫凸头,可以看成是由旋转椭球面与平面所围成的立体.特别是,当卧式油罐是圆柱型时,罐身是一个轴线水平的圆柱体;凸头是初等几何中的球缺.     

基于系统识别方法的围岩弹性模量及水平地应力反演分析

利用有限元软件建立隧道开挖正演模型,基于新奥法隧道施工现场实测围岩收敛数据,采用灵敏度分析建立了参数调整算法,利用系统识别方法对隧道围岩弹性模量及水平地应力进行了反演分析,并讨论了初始值的影响.结果表明,系统识别反演分析法具有自适应能力强、反演分析过程收敛计算稳定性好和计算速度快等优点,在隧道及地下工程领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

葡472区块油水层判别标准研究

葡萄花油田葡47区块葡萄花油层非均质性明显,油水分布复杂.其中,葡472区块原测井解释与新井试油结论符合度较低.结合缺少研究区目的层油基泥浆取心实际情况,充分利用已有资料,以录井、测井、试油、测试等资料为基础,对研究区含油饱和度测井解释模型及油水层判别标准进行研究.利用试油资料回归变参数阿尔奇公式,建立适合研究区目的层的含油饱和度测井解释模型.利用区块附近井及区块内取心井其他层位压汞毛压曲线回归适合研究区的测井解释参数,标定合适的油水界面,确定含油高度,建立"J函数"法含油饱和度模型."J函数"法含油饱和度模型与试油标定法含油饱和度模型拟合结果基本一致.结合试油及生产资料,建立区块油水层电性识别图版,结合成藏特征完成油水性质综合判别,为指导油田开发生产打下基础.     

内爆载荷作用下泄压容器准静态压力特性北大核心CSCD

为了研究泄压容器内部准静态压力特性,采用AUTODYN软件提出并建立了3种柱形泄压容器的数值模型,分别包括一端开口的敞口泄压容器、在开口处设有可冲出端盖的带泄压盖容器、将泄压盖与容器通过剪切销连接的带剪切销泄压容器.以Bernoulli方程为基础建立了理论简化模型,模拟了敞口泄压容器内部的准静态压力;以能量守恒方程为基础建立理论简化模型,模拟了不同起爆药量下带泄压盖容器的准静态压力;最后,探讨了剪切销在剪断和未剪断时对带剪切销泄压容器内部压力的影响.该文建立了文献中的数值模型,准静态压力计算结果与文献中的实验结果吻合情况良好,验证了计算方法的可靠性.结果表明:敞口泄压容器内部压力衰减迅速,准静态阶段持续时间较短,以Bernoulli方程为基础的理论简化模型能够较好地预测泄压容器内部压力衰减至大气压力的时间;带泄压盖容器内冲击波沿轴向做往复式传播,以能量守恒方程为基础的理论模型能够较好地预测在泄压过程中的准静态压力;剪切销未剪断时,容器内部准静态压力呈现明显的平台效应;对比无剪切销的工况,18 mm直径的剪切销剪断后,容器内部压力变化趋势基本一致,泄压盖的飞出时间提前了0.25 ms.研究结果可为泄压容器的结构设计提供理论基础和参考.     

计算神经科学

计算神经科学是近三十年来出现的一个新兴交叉学科,它强调采用数学定量的方法,如数学建模、理论分析和数值模拟等来研究和解决神经科学中的重要科学问题,一方面神经科学实验现象为发展新的数学模型、理论和算法提供了基础,另一方面通过数学定量,能反过来揭示神经科学实验现象背后的数理机制,发现新的科学规律.随着欧盟、美国、日本和我国脑计划的陆续推出,对大脑的探索已成为重要的前沿科学领域,同时随着数据科学、机器学习等领域的兴起,研究如何借鉴大脑的工作原理来实现类脑计算以及人工智能也成为了世界大国科技竞争的战略制高点.鉴于此,计算神经科学作为连接大脑神经科学与类脑人工智能两大研究领域的桥梁,在前沿科学领域和国家战略需求中的地位变得越来越重要.计算神经科学研究领域的发展,对于推动神经科学与数学、物理、统计、计算机、人工智能等其他自然科学学科及工程应用学科之间的共进发展,以及综合利用不同学科的优势互补来取得从零到一的重要科学突破有着重大意义.     

网络结构、资本缓冲与银行系统性风险传染效应——来自2007~2017年中国14个上市商业银行数据

银行体系稳健运行对国民经济健康发展具有重要意义。选取2007~2017年中国14个上市商业银行数据,利用债务矩阵构建银行网络,运用无残差完全分解模型将其分解为网络结构和资本缓冲两个因素,对我国银行系统性风险传染效应研究。结果表明:网络结构与银行系统性风险存在复杂的关联性,而资本缓冲与银行系统性风险有显著负相关关系;在金融危机期间,网络结构是诱导银行系统性风险波动的决定性因素,资本缓冲对降低银行系统性风险有重要作用。此外国有商业银行与其他银行债务关系更为紧密,对系统性金融风险贡献较大,中国银行处于网络结构中重要位置,中国工商银行和中国建设银行处于次重要位置。该结果为资本监管政策和宏观审慎政策有效实施提供了理论依据。     

Development of a biomechanical model to study the horizontal vibration transmitted from shoulder to head

On daily activity a human operator is exposed to vibration in working environment. So, the human body will react in different way. The problem is how much from the initial signal will be sent to the other parts of the body and how much that motion will be damped along the studied parts. The vibrations in horizontal plane are some unexpected, so the human operator will not take any position to prevent them. In this condition the horizontal vibrations will have the higher effect possible. In this paper, the shoulder, neck and the head are modeled together like a mechanical system with four degree of freedom. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Brand value in horizontal alliances: the case of twin-cars

Rival firms often cooperate horizontally in order to share risks and achieve scale advantages in production or in their research and development projects. The output of these strategic alliances is usually sold by the individual ally company under its own brand and using its own marketing mix strategies. Marketing strategies create a cumulative effect that is reflected in brand value. Although horizontal alliances often have a significant overall impact on firm profitability, undesired brand value dilution is a worrisome possibility for the partners and therefore a relevant subject of study. In this paper, we consider brand value to be the economic added value of a brand, and propose two market-based measures of brand value: (1) price premia (which are relevant for a unit sale) and (2) revenue premia (which also account for the premia in sales volume). We apply this analysis to the Spanish market for new automobiles, in which successful and long-lasting horizontal alliances have formed. Our findings suggest that, during the introduction stage of the product life cycle, horizontal allies did not charge different price premia, but that horizontal allies profit from differences in brand reputation obtained from demand side effects such as revenue premia (specifically, the impact on sales volume). Consequently, horizontal cooperation among brands does not dilute their value at the introduction stage. Furthermore, our results suggest that horizontal allies do charge different price premia during the growth stage of the product life cycle. Consequently, horizontal allies have recognized strategies that do not dilute brand value in intense competition mitigating the brand value diluting risk.     

高等本科院校学生数学建模能力的调查与分析

培养学生数学建模能力是数学教育界共同关注的热点问题.只有了解学生的现状才能做到有的放矢,提出有效的提升方法.本文通过问卷调查,收集数据,进行统计分析存在问题的原因,目的是了解学生的建模能力和其问题的根源,为下一步纠正问题,对症下药以及提出解决的方法准备理论基础.通过调查发现,高等本科院校的学生数学建模能力总体水平不高,学校对此的宣传度和重视度不足.本文在分析研究调查结果的基础上,提出对高等本科院校培养学生建模能力的几点启示.     

Modeling calibration functions for the technologies of system analysis of quality and certification of biomaterials

Possibilities are considered of using the modern methods of computer modeling for the technologies of system analysis of quality and certification of biomaterials. The practical methods and algorithms are described to calculate the adequate calibration models from a collection of the standard samples based on the application of the international standard ISO 11095. Applications of numerical simulation methods are investigated for construction of calibration functions under variation of the initial data concerning standard samples within the intervals of their attested values. It is shown that the proposed technology of finding the optimal calibration from a collection of adequate models allows us to improve the precision of the ecoanalytical measurements of the composition of toxic micro-impurities in biomedia.     

The social diversification of fashion

We propose a model to investigate the dynamics of fashion traits purely driven by social interactions. We assume that people adapt their style to maximize social success, and we describe the interaction as a repeated group game in which the payoffs reflect the social norms dictated by fashion. On one hand, the tendency to imitate the trendy stereotypes opposed to the tendency to diverge from them to proclaim identity; on the other hand, the exploitation of sex appeal for dating success opposed to the moral principles of the society. These opposing forces promote diversity in fashion traits, as predicted by the modeling framework of adaptive dynamics. Our results link the so-called horizontal dynamics—the primary driver of fashion evolution, compared with the vertical dynamics accounting for interclass and economic drivers—to style variety.     

Dependence modeling in non-life insurance using the Bernstein copula

This paper illustrates the modeling of dependence structures of non-life insurance risks using the Bernstein copula. We conduct a goodness-of-fit analysis and compare the Bernstein copula with other widely used copulas. Then, we illustrate the use of the Bernstein copula in a value-at-risk and tail-value-at-risk simulation study. For both analyses we utilize German claims data on storm, flood, and water damage insurance for calibration. Our results highlight the advantages of the Bernstein copula, including its flexibility in mapping inhomogeneous dependence structures and its easy use in a simulation context due to its representation as mixture of independent Beta densities. Practitioners and regulators working toward appropriate modeling of dependences in a risk management and solvency context can benefit from our results.     

应用数学方面一些最新的进展

Some activities of applied mathematics are seen from different angles in a two-part series. In part 1, we will emphasize on mathematical modeling, exponential prediction models. On a systemic construction of the quantitative mathematics,it is shown that there is an impassible chasm between pure and applied mathematics, that existance and structures of systems are independent of human consciousness. For the purpose of prediction, concepts of calculus are generalized to discrete time series.     

Some recent progress in applied mathematics (Ⅰ)

Some activities of applied mathematics are seen from different angles in a two part series. In part 1, we will emphasize on mathematical modeling, exponential prediction models. On a systemic construction of the quantitative mathematics, it is shown that there is an impassible chasm between pure and applied mathematics, that existance and structures of systems are independent of human consciousness. For the purpose of prediction, concepts of calculus are generalized to discrete time series.