凸曲面上的测地线的测地法线

<正> §1.引言 在正则曲面上的测地线具有这样的性质,从测地线上的每一点可引与这测地线垂直的测地线.但在任意的凸曲面上的一条测地线L可能具有这样的点,从它不能引与L垂直的测地线.(见[1]中第255—256页.)作者最近发现,L上具有这种特殊性质的点在某种意义上说是极少数.确切言之,L上不能引与L垂直的测地线的点组成一个在L上的零测度集合.本文目的就是给出这个结果的证明.     

飞越北极

本文对“飞机从北京出发、飞越北极直达底特律的所需时间 ,可比原航线节省多少时间”的问题进行讨论 ,并将航线选择归结为寻求曲面上的最短弧 .应用“曲面上最短弧为测地线”的事实进行了讨论 .模型 (一 )假设地球是球体 ,我们可通过单位向量的点乘与夹角的关系 ,加以解决 ;对于模型 (二 )设地球是旋转椭球体 ,我们利用微分几何学中测地线方程加以解决 ,并且把球面的纬度转化为旋转椭球面纬度 .对于 4组较特殊的点 ,纬度几乎相等或相近 ,或者两者之间的经度差过大时 ,用测地线计算比较困难 ,我们用椭圆弧 (长 )代替测地线长 ,结合数学软件 Mathematica的数值积分功能 ,可求得测地线长     

平行映射下保测地线的曲面

利用古典微分几何方法,讨论了在平行映射下测地线不变的曲面若干局部性质;研究了该类曲面的测地坐标系,并最终得出满足该条件的曲面只有三类.     

4步次洛仑兹流形上的测地线（英文）

设(R~3,D,g)是一个次洛仑兹流形,其中D是一个4步括号生成分布,g是定义在D上的次洛仑兹度量,它是一个惯性指数为1的度量.本文首先计算了类时将来方向曲线的可达集,其次,给出了正规测地线的完全描述并计算了连接原点与任意点的正规测地线的条数.最后,证明了类时测地线不存在共轭点.     

具非负曲率完备非紧曲面的几何性质

本文证明了单连通完备非紧具非负曲率之曲面的任一测地线γ：[0,+∞)→M均趋于∞处这一几何性质,指出了一般的高维流形不具有此性质.本文还证明了单连通完备非紧具非负曲率的曲面的割迹与第一共轭轭迹是一致的;并且讨论了一般高维流形的共轭点与测地线的关系.     

万有Teichmuller空间中测地线的不唯一性

本文主要讨论万有Ｔｅｉｃｈｍｔｉｌｌｅｒ空间中的测地线问题，并给出了一些测地线不唯一的判断准则．特别地，证明了如下定理：设ｆ是单位圆△到自身上的极值拟共形映射，μ是它的复特征，如果存在常数ｋ．＜｜｜μ｜｜＿∞，使集合｛ｚ∈△：｜μ（Ｚ）｜≤ｋ｝有内点，则在万有Ｔｅｉｃｈｍｕｌｌｅｒ空间中，原点［０］与［μ］之间存在无穷多条测地线．     

黎曼空间的全测地曲面的推广

<正> 在本文中我们给出黎曼空间中全测地曲面的两种推广,即第一类和第二类次测地曲面.首先将全测地曲面概念加以推广的是谷超豪,他在仿射联络空间的研究中引进了ρ型次全测地曲面(在黎曼空间中现称为第一类次测地曲面)的概念,本文就是在这个基础上层开讨论的.在§1我们得到了次测地曲面的充要条件,在§2中将平面公理推广到第一类次测地曲面提出了第一类次平面公理,在§3提出了第二类次平面公理.     

正定型超曲面上的闭曲线与非线性振荡的周期

本文在Ｒ＾ｎ＋１中定义了一类超曲面并讨论了其上闭测地线上度的下界以及Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ系统的周期解的最小周期，这类超曲面比星形超曲面广泛，因而本文结论包括了文献「１」、「２」、「３」中的相应结论。     

THE CLOSED CURVES ON POSITIVE-TYPE HYPERSURFACES AND THE PERIODS OF NONLINEAR OSCILLATIONS

本文在Ｒｎ＋１中定义了一类超曲面并讨论了其上闭测地线长度的下界以及Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ系统的周期解的最小周期，这类超曲面比星形超曲面广泛，因而本文结论包含了文献〔１〕、〔２〕、〔３〕中的相应结论     

球面、柱面、锥面与非线性控制系统

我们首先从整体化的观点定义了一种建立在三维欧氏空间的二维曲面上的非线性控制系统,并给出了在曲面的局部坐标系下非线性系统状态方程的表达式,研究了非线性系统的平衡态与曲面的测地线之间的关系.刻划了球面、柱面、锥面的特殊曲面几何结构和奇异结构与非线性控制系统之间的内在联系.进一步,讨论了建立在球面、柱面和锥面上的非线性控制系统的局部和整体能控性与能观测性.     

RECENT PROGRESS ON SPHERICAL HARMONIC APPROXIMATION MADE BY BNU RESEARCH GROUP ——In memory of Professor Sun Yongsheng

As early as in 1990, Professor Sun Yongsheng, suggested his students at Beijing Normal University to consider research problems on the unit sphere. Under his guidance and encouragement his students started the research on spherical harmonic analysis and approximation. In this paper, we incompletely introduce the main achievements in this area obtained by our group and relative researchers during recent 5 years （2001-2005）. The main topics are： convergence of Cesaro summability, a.e. and strong summability of Fourier-Laplace series; smoothness and K-functionals; Kolmogorov and linear widths.     

Boundedness for commutators of multipliers on Hardy type spaces

In this paper, we study the commutators generalized by multipliers and a BMO function. Under some assumptions, we establish its boundedness properties from certain atomic Hardy space Hb^p（R^n） into the Lebesgue space L^p with p 〈 1.     

A unified approach to certain problems of best local approximation

In this paper we study best local quasi-rational approximation and best local approximation from finite dimensional subspaces of vectorial functions of several variables. Our approach extends and unifies several problems concerning best local multi-point approximation in different norms.     

Towards Excellence in Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

<正>May 26,2014,Beijing Science is a human enterprise in the pursuit of knowledge.The scientific revolution that occurred in the 17th Century initiated the advances of modern science.The scientific knowledge system created by     

THE 8~(th) INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

<正>August 10-14,2015Beijing,ChinaThe International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics(ICIAM)is the premier international congress in the field of applied mathematics held every four years under the auspices of the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.From August 10 to 14,2015,mathematicians,scientists     

Bounds for the zeros of polynomials

Let P(z)=∑↓j=0↑n ajx^j be a polynomial of degree n. In this paper we prove a more general result which interalia improves upon the bounds of a class of polynomials. We also prove a result which includes some extensions and generalizations of Enestrǒm-Kakeya theorem.     

Boundedness of commutators related to Marcinkiewicz integrals on hardy type spaces

In this paper, the authors study the boundedness of the operator [μΩ, b], the commutator generated by a function b ∈ Lipβ(Rn)(0 ＜β≤ 1) and the Marcinkiewicz integrals μΩ, on the classical Hardy spaces and the Herz-type Hardy spaces in the case Ω∈ Lipα(Sn-1)(0 ＜α≤ 1).     

Generalization of the interaction between Haar approximation and polynomial operators to higher order methods

In applications it is useful to compute the local average empirical statistics on u. A very simple relation exists when of a function f（u） of an input u from the local averages are given by a Haar approximation. The question is to know if it holds for higher order approximation methods. To do so, it is necessary to use approximate product operators defined over linear approximation spaces. These products are characterized by a Strang and Fix like condition. An explicit construction of these product operators is exhibited for piecewise polynomial functions, using Hermite interpolation. The averaging relation which holds for the Haar approximation is then recovered when the product is defined by a two point Hermite interpolation.     

Jacobi polynomials used to invert the laplace transform

Given the Laplace transform F(s) of a function f(t), we develop a new algorithm to find an approximation to f(t) by the use of the classical Jacobi polynomials. The main contribution of our work is the development of a new and very effective method to determine the coefficients in the finite series expansion that approximation f(t) in terms of Jacobi polynomials. Some numerical examples are illustrated.