基于支持向量回归机的交通状态短时预测和北京某区域实例分析

根据基于支持向量回归机的交通状态短时预测方法建立了数学模型,考虑以交通检测器收集到所要预测时刻前几个时段及被测路段上下游前几时段的交通流量、车道占有率、平均线速度等交通参数为输入,以对应时段的平均线速度为输出.选取核函数,对支持向量回归机进行训练.应用训练完成的支持向量回归机,利用输入参数预测下时段的交通线速度.最后,以北京市北四环某路段的实时监测数据来对模型进行检测,预测结果表明了模型的有效性.     

基于SVR的RAR区域经济预测模型

由于区域经济系统中许多经济变量呈现出强非线性与大波动性的特征,使得传统的时间序列线性建模和预测技术难以适应区域经济预测的要求.为此,提出基于支持向量机改进的残差自回归区域经济预测模型.首先采用时间序列分析中的残差自回归模型对时间序列趋势进行线性拟合,然后对残差自回归模型估计后的残差序列采用支持向量回归方法再次提取其非线性特征,从而提高区域经济时间序列模型的预测精度.最后以广东省GDP的预测实例说明模型的有效性.     

基于支持向量回归机的水文混沌时间序列预测

支持向量机在系统辨识和分类研究方面比较成熟,目前尚没有提出有效的支持向量回归理论来解决非线性、时变、干扰的复杂问题.支持向量回归机主要用于因果关系点对的回归预测,把支持向量回归机应用于水文混沌时间序列的预测研究是一个有意义的工作.在支持向量机一般理论基础上,提出了水文混沌时间序列支持向量回归机模型,并就模型进行仿真计算,讨论了模型参数对支持向量回归机预测精度的影响,为模型参数寻优提供一般指导原则.直门达水文站径流量混沌时间序列支持向量回归机预测实验表明,水文混沌时间序列支持向量回归机模型是有效的.     

基于变结构协整理论的保费预测模型

提出了一种基于变结构协整理论的保费预测建模新方法,所建模型反映了保费和GDP之间的长期静态和短期动态波动的均衡关系.通过确定时间序列突变点,并利用突变点信息提高模型的预测精度,避免了传统的保费预测中经常存在的虚假回归问题.采用该方法对中国年度保费进行了预测分析,结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

基于支持向量机的区间模糊数时间序列预测

研究了区间模糊数时间序列的预测方法.首先将区间模糊数序列转换为等量信息的精确数序列,然后对精确数序列建立支持向量机回归模型,通过还原公式,得到区间模糊数序列的拟合值和预测值.最后给出了数值实验,实验结果表明方法有效可行,且比ARMA回归模型以及灰色模型的预测精度更高.     

基于MCMC主成分回归分析方法的经济增长因素研究

将MCMC算法融合到主成分回归分析模型中,提出MCMC主成分回归分析方法.新方法既具有有效避免解释变量之间的多重共线性问题以及简化回归方程结构的主成分回归分析方法的优势,又能够充分利用MCMC算法的融合先验信息、模型信息及样本似然函数的长处.将方法应用于对嘉兴市1997年至201.0年的经济发展指标的数据建模分析,结果表明,方法能有效克服现有分析方法的不足,建立预测精度更高的模型.     

带税基的个人所得税分位回归预测模型

为了突破税收预测常用分析思路及方法的局限,更全面的反映数据全貌和回归信息,提出带税基的个人所得税分位回归预测模型.即以分位回归为基础模型,兼顾时间和税基因素,完成预测模型的构建,为预测领域提供一种新工具.利用1994-2014年的个人所得税和城镇居民人均可支配收入数据,以不带税基和带税基的模型为参照,比较所提出模型对2014年的预测效果,并给出2015年个人所得税的预测情况.研究发现,分位回归预测模型与线性回归模型揭示的变量间关系规律吻合,仍然保持较高的预测精度,对数据的展示更为详实,尤其在中段分位处,城镇居民人均可支配收入对个人所得税的影响表现的较为突出.     

基于网络舆情支持向量机的股票价格预测研究

提出一种基于网络舆情和股票技术指标数据的支持向量机回归模型(NPOSVM),提高了股票价格的预测精度.模型首先将抓取的微博、股吧等股评观点分为正面和负面两类,计算正面观点所占的比例作为网络舆情,然后对网络舆情和股票技术指标数据作主成分分析,最后对保留的主成分运用支持向量机回归建模预测.实证分析国药股份(SH600511),仿真结果表明网络舆情与股票价格之间的相关系数为0.76;基于股票技术指标数据的支持向量机回归模型(TI-SVM)预测平均相对误差为1.29%、趋势准确率为57.14%,而NPO-SVM预测平均相对误差为0.66%、趋势准确率为71.43%.于是证明,NPO-SVM模型显著地提高了预测精度,是一种有效的预测股票价格的模型.     

基于模糊Adaboost算法的支持向量回归机

针对单一支持向量回归机预测精度不十分良好的问题，结合Adaboost算法以及引入隶属函数，提出了一个基于模糊Aaboost算法的支持向量回归机模型。将该模型应用于金融时间序列预测问题的实验表明，预测精度有一定的提高，从而说明了该模型的有效性和可行性。     

基于岭回归模型大数据最优子抽样算法研究

随着大数据时代的来临,为了提高计算效率,Wang等(2018)提出基于logistic回归的最优子抽样算法,在保证参数估计精度的前提下,节省了大量的运算时间.为解决变量间的多重共线性,文章提出基于岭回归模型的最优子抽样算法,并证明岭回归模型中参数估计的一致性与渐近正态性.利用数值模拟与实证分析对最优子抽样算法进行评估,...     

An improved seasonal rolling grey forecasting model using a cycle truncation accumulated generating operation for traffic flow

Accurate real-time prediction of urban traffic flows is one of the most important problems in traffic management and control optimization research. Short-term traffic flow has complex stochastic and nonlinear characteristics, and it shows a similar seasonality within intraday and weekly trends. Based on these properties, we propose an improved binding cycle truncation accumulated generating operation seasonal grey rolling forecasting model. In the new model, the traffic flow sequence of seasonal fluctuation is converted to a flat sequence using the cycle truncation accumulated generating operation. Then, grey modeling of the cycle truncation accumulated generating operation sequence weakens the stochastic disturbances and highlights the intrinsic grey exponential law after the sequence is accumulated. Finally, rolling forecasts of the limited data reflect the new information priority and timeliness of the grey prediction. Two numerical traffic flow examples from China and Canada, including four groups at different time intervals (1 h, 15 min, 10 min, and 5 min), are used to verify the performance of the new model under different traffic flow conditions. The prediction results show that the model has good adaptability and stability and can effectively predict the seasonal variations in traffic flow. In 15 or 10 min traffic flow forecasts, the proposed model shows better performance than the autoregressive moving average model, wavelet neural network model and seasonal discrete grey forecasting model.     

Forecasting urban traffic flow by SVR with continuous ACO

Accurate forecasting of inter-urban traffic flow has been one of the most important issues globally in the research on road traffic congestion. Because the information of inter-urban traffic presents a challenging situation, the traffic flow forecasting involves a rather complex nonlinear data pattern. In the recent years, the support vector regression model (SVR) has been widely used to solve nonlinear regression and time series problems. This investigation presents a short-term traffic forecasting model which combines the support vector regression model with continuous ant colony optimization algorithms (SVRCACO) to forecast inter-urban traffic flow. Additionally, a numerical example of traffic flow values from northern Taiwan is employed to elucidate the forecasting performance of the proposed SVRCACO model. The forecasting results indicate that the proposed model yields more accurate forecasting results than the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) time series model. Therefore, the SVRCACO model is a promising alternative for forecasting traffic flow.     

A novel car-following inertia gray model and its application in forecasting short-term traffic flow

Real-time and accurate short-term traffic flow prediction results can provide real-time and effective information for traffic information systems. Based on classic car-following models, this paper establishes differential equations according to the traffic state and proposes a car-following inertial gray model based on the information difference of the differential and gray system, in combination with the mechanical characteristics of traffic flow data and the characteristics of an inertial model. Furthermore, analytical methods are used to study the parameter estimation and model solution of the new model, and the important properties, such as the original data, inertia coefficient and simulation accuracy, are studied. The effectiveness of the model is verified in two cases. The performance of the model is better than that of six other prediction models, and the structural design of the new model is more reasonable than that of the existing gray models. Moreover, the new model is applied to short-term traffic flow prediction for three urban roads. The results show that the simulation and prediction effects of the model are better than those of other gray models. In terms of the traffic flow state, an optimal match between short-term traffic flow prediction and the new model is achieved.     

核密度估计在预测风险价值中的应用

通过研究核密度估计理论,提出了一种适应估计金融时间序列分布的L ap lace核密度函数.在单变量核密度估计的基础上建立了风险价值(V a lua at R isk,简记为VaR)预测的预测模型.通过对核密度估计变异系数的加权处理建立了两种加权VaR预测模型.最后,通过上证指数收益率对建立的VaR预测模型进行了实证分析,结果显示两种加权方法对上证指数收益率的VaR预测具有较高的效率.     

Application of system NCF method to ice flood prediction of the Yellow River

Combined forecasts is a well-established procedure for improving forecasting accuracy which takes advantage of the availability of both multiple information and computing resources for data-intensive forecasting. Therefore, based on the combination of engineering fuzzy set theory and artificial neural network theory as well as genetic algorithms and combined forecast theory, the system Non-linear Combined Forecast (NCF) method is established for accuracy enhancement of prediction, especially of ice flood prediction. The NCF values from single forecast model for Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River are given. The case shows that the method has clear physical meanings and precise consequences. Compared with any single model, the system NCF method is more rational, effective and accurate.     

高速公路交通事故灰色Verhulst预测模型

在分析我国高速公路交通事故历史数据的基础上,引入灰色Verhulst预测理论,建立了高速公路交通事故灰色Verhulst预测模型.通过对2000～2007年我国高速公路交通事故死亡人数进行实例分析,发现灰色Verhulst模型的预测精度高于GM(1,1)模型.结果表明,灰色Verhulst模型的预测结果较好的反映了高速公路交通事故的发展趋势,该模型用于高速公路交通事故预测是可行的.     

Optimal routing of vehicles with communication capabilities in disasters

Major emergencies and disasters such as acts of terrorism, acts of nature, or human-caused accidents may lead to disruptions in traffic flow. Minimizing the negative effects of such disruptions is critical for a nation’s economy and security. A decision support system that is capable of gathering (real-time) information about the traffic conditions following a disaster and utilizing this information to generate alternative routes for vehicles would benefit the government, industry, and the public. For this purpose, we develop a mathematical programming model to minimize the delay for vehicles with communication capabilities following a disaster. Most commercial trucks and public buses utilize QUALCOMM as a communication tool. We also develop a prediction model for vehicles that do not have any communication capabilities. Although the problem is inherently integer we developed a linear program to reduce the computational burden caused by the large size of the problem. An algorithm is proposed to update the parameters of the linear program based on a duality analysis in order to obtain better results. A monotonic speed–density relationship is embedded in the model to capture high traffic congestion that occurs after a disaster. The model and the algorithm are tested using a simulated disaster scenario. The results indicate that the proposed model improves system performance measures such as mobility and average speed.     

Global sensitivity analysis using support vector regression

Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) plays an important role in exploring the respective effects of input variables on response variables. In this paper, a new kernel function derived from orthogonal polynomials is proposed for support vector regression (SVR). Based on this new kernel function, the Sobol’ global sensitivity indices can be computed analytically by the coefficients of the surrogate model built by SVR. In order to improve the performance of the SVR model, a kernel function iteration scheme is introduced further. Due to the excellent generalization performance and structural risk minimization principle, the SVR possesses the advantages of solving non-linear prediction problems with small samples. Thus, the proposed method is capable of computing the Sobol’ indices with a relatively limited number of model evaluations. The proposed method is examined by several examples, and the sensitivity analysis results are compared with the sparse polynomial chaos expansion (PCE), high dimensional model representation (HDMR) and Gaussian radial basis (RBF) SVR model. The examined examples show that the proposed method is an efficient approach for GSA of complex models.     

基于IGRA-ISVD约减和RBF的森林火灾消防直升机需求预测模型

针对森林火灾消防直升机需求预测问题,提出了一种基于改进灰色关联分析(IGRA)和改进奇异值分解(ISVD)约简的径向基函数(RBF)神经网络预测模型.首先,基于既有研究梳理了森林火灾消防直升机需求预测指标体系;然后,在改进灰色关联分析和奇异值分解方法的基础上,分别对消防直升机需求预测数据信息进行属性约简和维度约简;最后,利用约简预测数据信息对RBF神经网络进行训练,进而构建消防直升机数量预测模型.案例分析和对比分析表明了本文所提方法的可行性和合理性.