上皮细胞黏附分子在胃癌组织中的表达及其与预后的关系

目的 探讨上皮细胞黏附分子（EPCAM）在胃癌组织中的表达及其与胃癌浸润转移及预后的关系,以及EPCAM作为胃癌早期诊断、预后判断和治疗靶点的临床价值。方法 应用免疫组织化学法检测436 例胃癌组织及92例癌旁非肿瘤胃黏膜组织中EPCAM 的表达情况,分析并探讨EPCAM 的表达与临床病理参数及预后的关系。结果 在92 例非肿瘤胃黏膜组织中,50例（54.3%）EPCAM 蛋白为阴性表达,42例（45.7%）呈弱阳性表达。在436 例胃癌组织中,EPCAM 蛋白高表达179 例（41.1%）,低表达257 例（58.9%）,主要在细胞包膜表达。EPCAM 蛋白的表达强度与肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、Lauren 分型、浸润深度、淋巴结分期、TNM 分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移密切相关（均P＜0.01）,而与患者性别、分化程度、组织学类型无关（均P ＞0.05）。EPCAM 高表达患者的5 年生存率（57.2%）明显低于EPCAM 低表达胃癌患者的5 年生存率（17.3%,P＜0.05）。I、II 和III 期EPCAM高表达胃癌患者的5年生存率明显低于EPCAM 低表达患者的5年生存率（P＜0.05）;IV 期EPCAM 高表达和低表达胃癌患者的5年生存率无统计学差异。EPCAM 表达、远处转移和TNM 分期（均P＜0.05）是胃癌的独立预后因素。结论 EPCAM 在胃癌中高表达,且其表达与淋巴结转移、远处转移、肿瘤的TNM 分期显著相关,提示EPCAM 可以作为胃癌的早期诊断的筛查指标以及治疗的靶点之一。     

乳腺癌患者血浆D-二聚体水平的变化及其与临床病理的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌患者血浆D-二聚体水平变化的意义及其与临床病理因素的关系。方法采用免疫比浊法测定120例乳腺癌患者组和100例健康对照组的血浆D-二聚体水平，比较两组间的差异，同时分析不同临床病理因素下D-二聚体水平的差异。结果乳腺癌组血浆D-二聚体水平显著高于健康对照组（P＜0.05），且在不同TNM分期之间有显著差异；同时血浆D-二聚体水平在三阴（ER、PR、HER2均为阴性）乳腺癌患者中要显著高于非三阴患者，在1年生存率的分组比较中也有显著差异。结论乳腺癌患者血液处于高凝和纤溶亢进状态，血浆D-二聚体的水平反映了乳腺癌的恶性程度，与乳腺癌的分期、进展和生存期密切相关，因此D-二聚体水平在乳腺癌血清学诊断和临床应用研究中均有重要价值。     

Pokemon和p53在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其生物学意义

目的 探讨乳腺癌组织中Pokemon和p53蛋白的表达及其相关性，并分析其与乳腺癌患者临床病理特征的关系。方法 采用免疫组化En Vision 法检测90 例乳腺癌和相应癌旁组织中Pokemon 和p53 蛋白的表达情况。结果 乳腺癌组织中Pokemon和p53蛋白表达阳性率均明显高于癌旁组织（均P＜0.01）；Pokemon 和p53蛋白的表达与乳腺癌患者临床分期及淋巴结转移均有关（均P＜0.01），而与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学类型及分级均无关（均P ＞0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示在乳腺癌组织中，Pokemon 和p53 蛋白表达呈正相关（P＜0.01）。结论 Pokemon 和p53蛋白异常表达可能与乳腺癌的发生、发展有关，联合检测两者对评估乳腺癌生物学行为及预后具有较重要的临床意义。     

结直肠癌多层螺旋CT浸润征像与病理预后因子的关系

目的 探讨结直肠癌多层螺旋CT（MSCT）所见的浸润征象与病理预后因子的关系。方法 对32例结直肠癌患者,术前均行MSCT 水成像双期增强扫描,并用免疫组织化学方法检测手术病理标本中的p53、Ki67 阳性表达率及病理对照分析。结果 结直肠癌肠外浸润者p53、Ki67的阳性表达率分别为62.6％、74.5％,均高于肠壁肌层浸润者;区域淋巴结及远处转移者p53、Ki67的阳性表达率分别为65.8％、76.2％,均高于无淋巴结转移者（均P＜0.05）。结论 结直肠癌MSCT所见的浸润程度及区域淋巴结状态可作为临床评价结直肠癌的恶性度和预后的一个影像学指标,对术前判断结直肠癌术后复发转移潜能和预后有重要价值。     

VEGF、EGFR 及Parkin 蛋白在 鼻咽癌中的表达及三者间的相关性研究

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）及Parkin 蛋白在鼻咽癌（NPC）中的表达情况以 及三者间的相关性。方法 应用免疫组化SP 法检测48 例NPC 组织和34例正常鼻咽部上皮组织中VEGF、EGFR 及Parkin蛋白的表达,并探讨三者间的相关性。结果 NPC组织中VEGF和EGFR蛋白表达阳性率明显高于正常鼻咽部上皮组织,Parkin蛋白表达阳性率则明显下降,且均有统计学差异（均P＜0.05）。NPC组织中VEGF蛋白表达与NPC患者有无淋巴结转移及临床TNM 分期密切相关（均P＜0.05）,而与患者的年龄、性别、病理类型、T 分期均无关（均P ＞0.05）;EGFR 和Parkin 蛋白表达与NPC 患者有无淋巴结转移密切相关（均P＜0.05）,而与患者的年龄、性别、病理类型、T分期、临床TNM分期均无关（均P ＞0.05）。NPC组织中VEGF和EGFR 蛋白的表达呈正相关（P＜0.05）,Parkin和VEGF、EGFR蛋白的表达无相关性（均P＞0.05）。结论 VEGF、EGFR 及Parkin 蛋白与NPC发生、发展有关,VEGF、EGFR 及Parkin蛋白表达可作为NPC 的预后判断指标,NPC 中VEGF 和EGFR可能起协同作用,而Parkin 则可能单独发挥作用。     

TFF1在肺癌中的表达及作用研究

目的 研究三叶因子1（TFF1）在肺癌组织及肺癌细胞株中的表达、甲基化状态及其功能。方法 选取98 例非小细胞肺癌患者手术切除的肺癌组织,采用RT-PCR、MSP 检测TFF1 在肺癌组织中的表达与甲基化状态,分析其与患者临床特点的相关性,以及检测肺癌细胞株H23、H1299、L78、H446、H157 及95D 中TFF1 的表达和甲基化状态以及5-aza-2''-deoxycytidine（DAC）处理后细胞株中TFF1 表达的变化。TFF1 转染H23 细胞株,MTT 法及克隆形成实验检测其增殖能力和克隆能力的变化,细胞凋亡实验及Western blot 检测凋亡相关蛋白Caspase3 表达水平。结果 TFF1 在肺癌组织中的甲基化率为56.1%（55/98）。TFF1 甲基化与肺癌患者的TNM 分期和淋巴结转移显著相关（P＜0.001）。TFF1 在H23 和H157 中无表达,在H1299、H446 及95D 中表达较低,在L78 中表达较高。DAC 处理后,细胞株TFF1 表达的变化分别为表达恢复（H23、H157）,表达增强（H1299,H446,95D）和无明显改变（L78）。恢复表达TFF1 后,H23 细胞株的增殖及克隆形成能力明显减弱（P＜0.05）,细胞凋亡率和凋亡相关蛋白Caspase3 活性片段的表达明显增加。结论 TFF1 在肺癌组织中的甲基化状态与肺癌的TNM 分期和转移密切相关。TFF1 在肺癌细胞中的表达受DNA 甲基化的调控。肺癌细胞株H23 中恢复表达TFF1 可以抑制其增殖和克隆能力,促进其凋亡。     

CXCR4、VEGF-C 和MMP-9在胃癌淋巴结转移中的作用及意义

目的 探讨趋化性细胞受体因子4（CXCR4）、血管内皮生长因子-C（VEGF-C）和基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）在 胃癌淋巴结转移中的作用及意义。方法 应用免疫组化法检测76例人胃癌组织中CXCR4、VEGF-C 和MMP-9 的表达水平,并分析其与胃癌淋巴结转移的关系。结果 CXCR4、VEGF-C 或MMP-9 任一指标表达水平与胃癌淋巴结转移均有显著关系（均P＜0.01）,且这3 项指标两两相关,CXCR4/VEGF-C 联合阳性表达的患者淋巴结转移率为84.8%（28/33）,高于仅1 项指标阳性表达（11/22,50.0%）及两者联合阴性表达（7/21,33.3%）的患者,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）;VEGF-C/MMP-9 联合阳性表达的患者淋巴结转移率为80.0%（32/40）,高于仅1 项指标阳性表达（9/19,47.4%）及两者联合阴性表达（5/17,29.4%）的患者,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05 或0.01）;CXCR4/MMP-9 联合阳性表达的患者淋巴结转移率为83.3%（30/36）,高于仅1 项指标阳性表达（11/22,50.0%）及两者联合阴性表达（5/18,27.8%）的患者,差异均具有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）。3 项指标共同表达的患者淋巴结转移率高达90.0%。结论 CXCR4、VEGF-C 和MMP-9 在胃癌组织中的表达与淋巴结转移关系密切,如果3项指标均为阳性者淋巴结转移的可能性最大。     

血清瘦素水平在评估慢性病毒性肝炎肝纤维化程度中的意义

目的探讨血清瘦素(LEP)水平与慢性乙肝（CHB）和慢性丙肝（CHC）患者肝纤维化程度之间的关系。方法采用ELISA方法检测65例CHB、41例CHC患者血清LEP浓度，同期25例健康体检者作为对照。所有入选患者均经肝脏穿刺病理学检查评估肝纤维化程度。结果与对照组相比，CHB与CHC患者LEP水平明显增高（P＜0.05或0.01），CHB和CHC患者血清LEP水平在纤维化程度较高者均明显高于纤维化程度较低者（均P＜0.01），且CHC组血清LEP水平显著高于相同纤维化分期CHB患者（P＜0.05或0.01）。结论血清LEP水平与慢性病毒性肝炎肝纤维化程度相关，血清LEP水平可作为慢性病毒性肝炎患者肝纤维化程度监测指标之一。     

小鼠子宫腺肌病模型病灶中雌孕激素受体的表达及意义

目的探讨雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR)在子宫腺肌病模型病灶中的表达及临床意义.方法用异体垂体移植法建立ICR小鼠子宫腺肌病模型,应用免疫组化SP法检测正常子宫内膜、模型子宫内膜及病灶异位子宫内膜中ER、PR的表达.结果垂体移植4个月和6个月后,均成功诱发子宫腺肌病模型,不同时间诱发模型的病灶大体结节数和HE染色评分之间比较,均无统计学差异(均P>0.05);建模6个月后模型病灶的结节显著大于建模4个月后(P<0.05).建模后4个月,模型子宫内膜和病灶异位子宫内膜以及正常子宫内膜中ER和PR表达的阳性率比较,均无统计学差异(均P>0.05);建模后6个月,3种子宫内膜中ER阳性率分别为55.07%、31.63%和24.74%;PR阳性率为48.40%、27.48%和22.70%;3者比较均有统计学差异(均P<0.05).结论子宫腺肌病的发生、发展可能与子宫内膜局部ER、PR的高表达相关.     

初发系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血清IL-17的表达

目的探讨IL-17在初发系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者外周血清中的表达水平及其临床意义。方法选择42例初次诊断、未经治疗的SLE患者（SLE组）及26例同期健康志愿者（对照组）,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法测定外周血清IL-17水平,同时检测外周血抗ds- DNA等抗体及免疫球蛋白、补体等水平并进行相关分析。结果活动期和缓解期SLE患者血清IL-17水平均较对照组明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。活动期和缓解期SLE患者间血清IL-17水平的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。具有皮肤损害的SLE患者血清IL-17水平较无皮肤损害者高,使用环磷酰胺的SLE患者血清IL-17水平较未使用环磷酰胺者高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。SLE患者血清IL-17水平与SLEDAI、血沉、CRP、IgG、C3、C4均无相关性（均P＞0.05）。19例SLE活动期患者治疗1个月后血清IL-17水平较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 IL-17与狼疮患者的皮肤损害密切相关;IL-17在SLE的发病中起到重要作用并与疾病严重性有关。     

GF（3）上多元多项式的化简

本文通过极性矩阵的递归表示，对ＧＦ（３）上多元多项式环进行了讨论，提出将变量经过线性变换，使多元多项式化简为乘积项数最少的新方法．该方法不需要进行矩阵运算，简便易行，并减少了计算复杂性，其结果改进了［１，２］的工作．     

Observer-based fault detection for networked control systems with network Quality of Services

This paper addresses the problem of the fault detection for linear time-invariant systems over data networks with limited network Quality of Services (QoS). An integrated index _ηk${\eta }_k$, which related with data dropout, network-induced delay and error sequence, is presented to described the non-ideal QoS, the probabilistic switching between different _ηk${\eta }_k$ is assumed to obey a homogeneous Markovian chain. Then by view of the augmented matrices approach, the fault detection error dynamic systems are transferred to Markov jumping systems (MJSs). With the developed model and using the bounded real lemma (BRL) for MJSs, an _H∞$H_{\infty }$ observer-based fault detection filter is established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to guarantee that the error between the residual and the weighted faults is made as small as possible. A simulation example is provided to show the effectiveness of the present methods.     

一种构造三水平因子超饱和设计的准则和算法

在工业统计试验和其他科学试验中,常遇到因子个数多而所允许的试验次数少的情况,这时要用到超饱和设计,以前的文章仅研究了二水平因子的超饱和设计,本文对于三水平因子的超饱和设计提出了一种基于典则相关意义下的优良性准则和构造算法,并给出了试验次数为９和１８可分别安排到２６和３０个因子的三水平超饱和设计表。     

基于随机动态规划的有限库存ATO系统优化控制

本文研究n维组件单一产品,有限库存的ATO系统。通过建立马尔可夫决策过程模型(MDP),构造优化算法,研究组件生产与库存的最优控制策略。最优策路可以表示为状态依赖型库存阈值,系统内任一组件的控制策略受其它组件库存状态的影响。利用最优控制理论动态规划方法和数值计算方法对最优控制策略的存在性、最优值的数值计算进行研究,建立更符合实际生产的ATO系统决策模型,进行相应的理论和实验验证,研究系统参数对最优策略的影响。     

Extracting post-nonlinear signal with specific kurtosis range

Blind source extraction (BSE) is an important technique to extract a desired source from the mixed signals and the post-nonlinear (PNL) mixture is more realistic model in many situations. In this paper, we address the problem of extracting the source of interest from the PNL mixture. First, the prior knowledge about the desired source, such as its normalized kurtosis range, can be treated as a constraint and incorporated into the contrast function. Therefore, BSE from the PNL mixture can be formulated a constrained optimization problem. Second, the inverse of the unknown nonlinear function is approximated by the multi-layer perceptions (MLP) network because neural network can uniformly approximate any continuous function if there is sufficient number of neurons in the hidden layer. Finally, the source of interest can be extracted from the PNL mixture by minimizing the constrained optimization problem with standard gradient descent method. Extensive computer simulations and experiments demonstrate the validity of our algorithm.     

The Mean-Variance Hedging in a Bond Market with Jumps

We construct a market of bonds with jumps driven by a general marked point process as well as by a ? ⁿ -valued Wiener process based on Björk et al. [6 Björk , T. , Kabanov , Y. , and Runggaldier , W. 1997 . Bond market structure in the presence of marked point processes . Math. Finance 7 : 211 – 223 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], in which there exists at least one equivalent martingale measure Q ⁰. Then we consider the mean-variance hedging of a contingent claim H ∈ L ²(? _{T 0} ) based on the self-financing portfolio based on the given maturities T ₁,…, T _n with T ₀ < T ₁ < … <T _n  ≤ T*. We introduce the concept of variance-optimal martingale (VOM) and describe the VOM by a backward semimartingale equation (BSE). By making use of the concept of ?*-martingales introduced by Choulli et al. [8 Choulli , T. , Krawczyk , L. , and Stricker , C. 1998 . ?-martingales and their applications in mathematical finance . The Annals of Probability 26 ( 2 ): 853 – 876 . [Google Scholar]], we obtain another BSE which has a unique solution. We derive an explicit solution of the optimal strategy and the optimal cost of the mean-variance hedging by the solutions of these two BSEs.     

包含在 $PSU_3(q)$中的几乎单群($q$为奇素数方幂)

应用置换群 的理论列出包含在 ${\rm PSU}_3(q)$ ($q$为奇素数的方幂)中的几乎单的子群.     

The assessment of the information quality with the aid of multiple criteria analysis

The virtual business work flow depends on the information quality (IQ) which is essential attribute of information. The IQ depends strongly on organization of the information system (IS) and how the information is processed. In our approach we incorporate the four-aspect representation of IQ: (1) intrinsic, (2) contextual, (3) representational, and (4) accessibility. These four-aspects are divided into several criteria at the next level of hierarchy. The weights, representing the relative importance of criteria, have been assessed by pair-wise comparisons made by group of experts. Based on discussion with experts, six alternative strategies, that could be used for improving the IQ, were designed. For each given criterion, the group of subjects revealed the opinion about the level of achievement of every alternative. The set of scores, assigned to the alternative by different subjects, formed the discrete distribution that is used for a comparison of alternatives with the aid of stochastic dominances. In analogy to the Electre I methodology, the simple algorithm for the aggregate evaluation of analyzed alternatives was proposed. The benefits of proposed approach were demonstrated in a case study of the semiconductor industry. The results of our study suggest, that in case of matured company, the external strategies, that point out to the information exchange and strategic networked alliance with customers and suppliers, are preferred to the internal ones. The latter ones might be of greater importance for the new set up or for a young company.     

A Multiscale Multilevel Monte Carlo Method for Multiscale Elliptic PDEs with Random Coefficients

We propose a multiscale multilevel Monte Carlo(MsMLMC) method to solve multiscale elliptic PDEs with random coefficients in the multi-query setting. Our method consists of offline and online stages. In the offline stage,we construct a small number of reduced basis functions within each coarse grid block, which can then be used to approximate the multiscale finite element basis functions. In the online stage, we can obtain the multiscale finite element basis very efficiently on a coarse grid by using the pre-computed multiscale basis.The MsMLMC method can be applied to multiscale RPDE starting with a relatively coarse grid, without requiring the coarsest grid to resolve the smallestscale of the solution. We have performed complexity analysis and shown that the MsMLMC offers considerable savings in solving multiscale elliptic PDEs with random coefficients. Moreover, we provide convergence analysis of the proposed method. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for several multiscale stochastic problems without scale separation.     

Blind source separation with nonlinear autocorrelation and non-Gaussianity

Blind source separation (BSS) is a problem that is often encountered in many applications, such as biomedical signal processing and analysis, speech and image processing, wireless telecommunication systems, data mining, sonar, radar enhancement, etc. One often solves the BSS problem by using the statistical properties of original sources, e.g., non-Gaussianity or time-structure information. Nevertheless, real-life mixtures are likely to contain both non-Gaussianity and time-structure information sources, rendering the algorithms using only one statistical property fail. In this paper, we address the BSS problem when source signals have non-Gaussianity and temporal structure with nonlinear autocorrelation. Based on the two statistical characteristics of sources, we develop an objective function. Maximizing the objective function, we propose a gradient ascent source separation algorithm. Furthermore, We give some mathematical properties for the algorithm. Computer simulations for sources with square temporal autocorrelation and non-Gaussianity illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.