富勒烯C60硫桥键联四硫富瓦烯衍生物的理论研究

利用半经验AM1法研究了富勒烯C₆₀硫桥键联四硫富瓦烯衍生物和富勒烯C₆₀键联四硫富瓦烯衍生物的几何构型,电子结构.计算结果显示,富勒烯C₆₀硫桥键联四硫富瓦烯衍生物的四硫富瓦烯(TTF)平面与C₆₀发生作用,使其弯曲的程度比富勒烯C₆₀键联四硫富瓦烯衍生物的大,从而形成一种独特的四硫富瓦烯(TTF)平面半包裹C₆₀的空间构型的D-A体系.这很可能是由于C-S单键的灵活性造成的.而且它们的HOMO轨道主要分布在四硫富瓦烯(TTF)部分,而LUMO轨道则主要分布在C₆₀上.预测了富勒烯C₆₀硫桥键联四硫富瓦烯衍生物很有可能在激发态下产生更长寿命的电荷分离态.     

“A-C≡C-TTF-C≡C-A”型四硫富瓦烯衍生物的合成与性质研究

四硫富瓦烯及其衍生物是性能优良的电子给体.本文利用Sonogashira反应将吡啶基团连接在四硫富瓦烯单元上,合成了"A-C≡C-TTF-C≡C-A"型四硫富瓦烯共轭体系衍生物4,4′(5′)-二-(4-吡啶乙炔基)-四硫富瓦烯(TTF4N).吸收光谱、电化学和Pb2+配位键合研究表明,三键作为桥基能够有效实现分子内的电荷转移.金属Pb2+离子与吡啶基团的配位能够引起TTF4N的吸收光谱、核磁氢谱和电化学性质的显著变化.     

卤素、 氰基及N原子修饰对四硫富瓦烯衍生物载流子传输性质影响的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论结合跳跃模型和能带理论研究了氟、 氯、 氰基和N原子的引入对四硫富瓦烯(TTF)衍生物载流子传输性质的影响. 计算结果表明, 嵌N修饰会降低分子重组能, 特别是当N原子靠近TTF主体环时作用更明显. 与引入卤素修饰相比, 引入氰基修饰的分子具有更小的电子和空穴重组能及更低的前线分子轨道(FMO)能级. 同时迁移率的计算结果显示, 分子6具有1.15 cm²·V^-1·s^-1的高电子迁移率, 考虑其较低的LUMO能级, 推测其有望成为潜在的优异电子传输材料, 而相似的电子和空穴迁移率使分子2有望成为潜在的双极性传输材料. 同时还考察了S和N原子之间的弱相互作用, 当S或N原子对分子HOMO(或LUMO)有贡献时, 其相应的空穴(或电子)传输能力会有所提高.     

四硫富瓦烯(TTF)衍生物的配位组装

四硫富瓦烯（tetratiafulvalenc,TTF)衍生物和二硫纶（dithiolene)化合行等有机富硫分子作为有机光电磁的功能化合物,一直受到了人们的重视,近年来一类融合了TTF和二硫纶结构的扩展TTF衍生物引起人们很大的兴趣,这类八硫共轭体系具有较好的电子授受特性,展示出潜在的应用价值。有目的地利用它与与金属离子间较强的配位能力对这些化合物进行晶体或分子设计已成为配位化学在富硫有机配合物研究中的一个热点。本文重点介绍这方面的研究的最新进展。主要包括以卤化亚铜基本骨架为基础的四烷基硫取代四硫富瓦烯（[(RS)2TTF(SR)2])的配位组装;二烷基硫取代的TTF融合二硫纶离子（[(RS)2TTF(S2)]^2-)和TTF融合双二硫纶离子（[(S)2TTF(S)]^4-金属配位衍生物的分子设计和空间构筑。通过配位修饰或组装,这类TTF金属衍生物显示了多变的结构,有的已发展具有较好的物理性质。     

四烃硫基四硫富瓦烯的电化学性质及三维定量结构性能关系研究

以四烃硫基四硫富瓦烯(TTF)为研究对象,合成了6个新的π电子给体化合物,并用循环伏安法考察了其电化学性质,同时用比较分子力场(CoMFA)研究了TTF衍生物的结构与其电化学性质的三维定量结构性能关系,提出了对TTF结构改造的方法,对新型TTF类化合物的合成有重要的指导意义.     

新型I型五聚四硫富瓦烯衍生物的合成和性质

利用2,3-二(2'-氰乙基硫基)-6,7-二烷硫基四硫富瓦烯在甲醇钠的作用下消除一个保护基团生成四硫富瓦烯单钠盐,与1,4-二(氯甲基)苯反应,形成单桥-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物,生成的单桥-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物再次在甲醇钠的作用下消除剩下的保护基团,形成单桥-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物二钠盐,最后与四(3'-碘丙硫基)四硫富瓦烯反应形成新型I型五聚TTF衍生物,并通过循环伏安法和化学氧化法分别对其氧化还原性质和紫外光谱进行了研究.     

新型I型五聚四硫富瓦烯衍生物的合成和性质

利用2,3-二(2'-氰乙基硫基)-6,7-二烷硫基四硫富瓦烯在甲醇钠的作用下消除一个保护基团生成四硫富瓦烯单钠盐,与1,4-二(氯甲基)苯反应, 形成单桥-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物, 生成的单桥-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物再次在甲醇钠的作用下消除剩下的保护基团, 形成单桥-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物二钠盐, 最后与四(3'-碘丙硫基)四硫富瓦烯反应形成新型I型五聚TTF衍生物, 并通过循环伏安法和化学氧化法分别对其氧化还原性质和紫外光谱进行了研究.     

四硫富瓦烯衍生物/硬脂酸LB膜的表征

研究了四（苄硫基）四硫富瓦烯／硬脂酸（TBT－TTF／SA）（1：1）LB膜、二（亚乙二硫基）四硫富瓦烯／硬脂酸（BEDT－TTF／SA）（1：1）LB膜和四（十六烷硫基）四硫富瓦烯／硬脂酸（THT－TTF／SA）（1：1）LB膜的结构．从X射线衍射结果得到了LB膜的层间距离．X射线衍射图显示了TBT－TTF／SALB膜和BEDT－TTF／SALB膜的层间结构由硬脂酸控制．从偏振红外结果计算出硬脂酸和四硫富瓦烯衍生物在LB膜中的取向角．根据分子取向角确定了LB膜的层间结构．用分子长度和分子取向角得到的层间距离与从X射线衍射得到的层间距离相吻合．     

四硫富瓦烯和蒽单元构建的新型多功能四硫富瓦烯环蕃的合成与性质

2,6-二(甲硫基)-3,7-二(2-氰乙基硫基)四硫富瓦烯在甲醇钠的作用下消除保护基团, 生成四硫富瓦烯双钠盐, 再与9,10-二(氯甲基)蒽反应生成由四硫富瓦烯(TTF)和蒽单元构建的新型TTF环蕃. 分别通过循环伏安法和化学氧化法对其电化学性质、紫外吸收光谱和荧光性质进行了研究, 实验结果表明此类TTF环蕃化合物对OH^－离子有识别功能. 并通过电化学和紫外吸收光谱研究了这种新型四硫富瓦烯环蕃在金纳米颗粒表面自组装行为.     

D-π-A型四硫富瓦烯衍生物的合成及其性能研究

<正>作为很强的有机电子给体,四硫富瓦烯能够在低电位被可逆氧化,失去一个或两个电子生成相应的正一价阳离子自由基或正二价阳离子．近年来它在众多领域显示出日益重要的作用．本论文设计合成了一系列具有D-π-A和A-π-D-π-A结构的四硫富瓦烯 (TTF)衍生物,系统研究了它们在基态发生分子内电荷转移的可能,并利用外界刺激改     

Local density functional study of the structural and electronic properties of C60 and XC60 (X=K, Rb, Cs)

Results of first principles local density total energy and atomic force calculations carried out for free C₆₀ and XC₆₀ (X=K, Rb, Cs) molecular clusters are reported. The optimization of the geometry results in the bond lengths between adjacent carbon atoms being 1.387 and 1.445 Å, which are in very good agreement with the latest X-ray diffraction values. Energy levels, charge distributions, and wavefunction characteristics are obtained and discussed. The results for C₆₀ are in very good agreement with recently measured photoemission energy distribution curves (EDC) for the valence band states. The highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) are found to be fully occupied H_u states and are 1.7 eV below the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) which are of T_1u symmetry. Similar results obtained for the XC₆₀ clusters show that rigid-band-like behavior is found in the electronic structures after putting an alkali atom at the center of a C₆₀ ball. In each case, the alkali atom is almost fully ionized with the transferred electron distributed over the surface shell of C₆₀; the center region of the ball has very low charge density.     

Pt(PPh3)2-η2C60络合物的分子轨道研究

近年来,自Kratschmer 等人采用并不复杂的方法就能制备出宏观量的C_(60),人们对它的兴趣也从结构的研究逐渐转向化学性质的研究.C_(60)是目前自然界已知对称性最高的球状分子,每个C 原子都以接近sp~2杂化轨道和相邻的三个C 原子相联.C_(60)的NMR 化学位移以及闭壳层的电子结构和较宽的HOMO-LUMO 间隙,都说明它具有典型的芳香化合物——苯的某些特性.另外,掺杂(碱金属元素)后,它具有的导电性又表现出石墨具有的某些特点.     

Molecular triads composed of ferrocene,C60, and nitroaromatic entities: electrochemical,computational, and photochemical investigations

Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of a series of molecular triads composed of ferrocene, C(60), and nitroaromatic entities are reported. Electrochemical studies revealed multiple redox processes involving all three redox active ferrocene, C(60), and nitrobenzene entities. Up to eight redox couples within the accessible potential window of o-dichlorobenzene containing 0.1 M (TBA)ClO(4) are observed. A comparison between the measured redox potentials with those of the starting compounds revealed absence of any significant electronic interactions between the different redox entities. The geometric and electronic structure of the triads are elucidated by using ab initio B3LYP/3-21G methods. In the energy-optimized structures, as predicted by electrochemical studies, the first HOMO orbitals are found to be located on the ferrocene entity, while the first LUMO orbitals are mainly on the C(60) entity. The coefficients of the subsequent LUMO orbitals track the observed site of electrochemical reductions of the triads. The photochemical events of the triads are probed by both steady-state and time-resolved techniques. The steady-state emission intensities of the triads and the starting dyad, 2-(ferrocenyl)fulleropyrrolidine, are found to be completely quenched compared to fulleropyrrolidine bearing no redox active substituents. The subpicosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectral studies revealed efficient charge separation (and rapid charge recombination) in the triads, and this has been attributed to the close spacing of the redox entities of the triad to one another.     

Vibronic interactions in negatively charged polyacetylene

Electron-phonon interactions in the monoanions of polyacetylenes such as C2H4 (2tpa), C4H6 (4tpa), C6H8 (6tpa), and C8H10 (8tpa) are studied and compared with those in the monoanions of polyacenes. The C-C stretching A(g) modes around 1500 cm(-1) the most strongly couple to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) in polyacetylenes. The estimated total electron-phonon coupling constants for the monoanions (l(LUMO)) are 0.579, 0.555, 0.463, and 0.401 eV for 2tpa, 4tpa, 6tpa, and 8tpa, respectively. The l(LUMO) values for polyacetylenes are much larger than those for polyacenes. Furthermore, the l(LUMO) value for polyacetylene with C(2h) geometry is estimated to be 0.254 eV, and is larger than that (0.024 eV) for polyacene with D(2h) geometry. The phase patterns difference between the LUMO of polyacenes localized on the edge part of carbon atoms, and the delocalized LUMO of polyacetylenes is the main reason for the calculated results. The single charge transfer through the molecule in polyacetylenes are also discussed. The reorganization energies between the neutral molecule and the corresponding monoanion are estimated to be 0.164, 0.144, 0.125, and 0.113 eV for 2tpa, 4tpa, 6tpa, and 8tpa, respectively. Such reorganization energy decreases with an increase in molecular size. The conditions under which the attractive electron-electron interactions are realized in the monoanions of polyacetylenes and polyacenes are discussed. In terms of the electron-phonon interactions and the reorganization energies, the relationships between the normal and possible superconducting states are briefly discussed. We find that the monoanions with smaller molecular size cannot easily become good conductors, however, the conditions under which the interactions between two electrons are attractive are more easily realized in the monoanions with smaller molecular size than in the monoanions with larger molecular size.     

推/拉电子取代基对PCBM结构及光谱性质影响的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法计算[6,6]-苯基-C₆₁-丁酸甲酯(PCBM)及其苯环对位取代得到的4种衍生物的几何和电子结构. 采用第一激发能校正了分子的最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)能级, 探讨了推/拉电子基团对分子前线轨道的影响. 在全优化几何构型的基础上, 采用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法研究了电子吸收光谱特征和电荷转移态性质, 并讨论了推/拉电子基团对体系电子吸收光谱性质的影响. 通过对重组能和电子亲和势的计算, 预测了PCBM与4种衍生物的电子能力及电子迁移率大小的关系. 结果表明, 在PCBM中, 在苯环的对位引入推电子基团可以提高分子的前线轨道能级, 改变前线轨道电子云分布, 明显增强可见光范围内的吸收强度, 增加可见光范围内的电荷转移吸收, 且激发态的电荷转移随着引入基团推电子能力的增加而增强. 化合物5的激发态分子内电荷转移性质最强, 且具有较独特的光伏性质. 而在同样位置引入拉电子基团, 则降低了分子前线轨道能级对电子吸收光谱的影响.     

Interaction of porphine and its metal complexes with C60 fullerene: a DFT study

We performed DFT calculations (BLYP general-gradient approximation in conjunction with a double numerical basis set) for the interaction of free porphine ligand and a number of its metal complexes with C60 molecule to analyze how the nature of a central metal ion influences the geometry and electronic characteristics (electrostatic potential and spin density distribution and highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) structure). We found that the presence of a central metal ion is crucial for a strong interaction. The energy of interaction between H2P and C60 is -0.3 kcal mol(-1) only, whereas the formation energies for the metal complexes vary from -27.3 kcal mol(-1) for MnClP.C60 to -45.8 kcal mol(-1) for MnP.C60. As a rule, the formation energy correlates with the separations between porphinate and fullerene molecules; the Mn and Fe complexes exhibit the closest approach of ca. 2.2 A between the metal ion and carbon atoms of C60. In most porphine-C60 complexes studied, the two closest contacts of central metal ion or H are those with carbon atoms of the (6,6) bond; VOP.C60 is the only exception, where the closest V...C contacts involve the (5,6) bond. The macrocycle geometry changes, and the magnitude of the effect depends on the central atom, being especially dramatic for Mn, MnCl, and Fe complexes. The shape of LUMOs in most complexes with C60 is not affected notably as compared to the LUMO of the isolated C60 molecule. In the case of Fe, the HOMO extends from the central atom to two opposite pyrrol rings. At the same time, the HOMO-LUMO gap energy decreases drastically in most cases, by ca. 20-30 kcal mol(-1). For electrostatic potential distribution, we systematically observed that the negative lobe contacting C60 shrinks, whereas the opposite one becomes notably bigger. In the case of paramagnetic complexes of VO, Mn, FeCl, Co, and Cu, spin density distribution was analyzed as well.     

Computational study of iron(II) systems containing ligands with nitrogen heterocyclic groups

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show the higher energy HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) orbitals of four iron(II) diimine complexes are metal centered and the lower energy LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals) are ligand centered. The energy of the orbitals correlates with electrochemical redox potentials of the complexes. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations reveal ligand centered (LC) and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) at higher energy than experimentally observed. TDDFT calculations also reveal the presence of d-d transitions which are buried under the MLCT and LC transitions. The difference in chemical and photophysical behavior of the iron complexes compared to that of their ruthenium analogues is also addressed.     

Configuration-dependent interface charge transfer at a molecule-metal junction

The role of the molecule-metal interface is a key issue in molecular electronics. Interface charge transfer processes for 4-fluorobenzenethiol monolayers with different molecular orientations on Au(111) were studied by resonant photoemission spectroscopy. The electrons excited into the LUMO or LUMO+1 are strongly localized for the molecules standing up on Au(111). In contrast, an ultrafast charge transfer process was observed for the molecules lying down on Au(111). This configuration-dependent ultrafast electron transfer is dominated by an adiabatic mechanism and directly reflects the delocalization of the molecular orbitals for molecules lying down on Au(111). Theoretical calculations confirm that the molecular orbitals indeed experience a localization-delocalization transition resulting from hybridization between the molecular orbitals and metal surface. Such an orientation-dependent transition could be harnessed in molecular devices that switch via charge transfer when the molecular orientation is made to change.     

Synthesis and photoinduced electron-transfer process of a novel triphenylamine-substituted polyfluorene-C60 triad

The photoinduced electron-transfer process of a newly prepared, soluble, pi-conjugated poly[9,9-bis(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-2,7-fluorene] (PDPAF), covalently bridged, C60 triad (C60-PDPAF-C60) is described. The molecular orbital calculations revealed that the majority of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is located on the polyfluorene entity, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) are found to be entirely on the C60 entity. The excited-state electron-transfer processes were monitored by both steady-state and time-resolved emission as well as by transient absorption techniques in toluene and benzonitrile. By excitation of the polyfluorene moiety, fluorescence quenching of the singlet excited state of polyfluorene moiety was observed. The nanosecond transient spectra in near-IR region revealed the charge-separation process from the polyfluorene moieties to the C60 moiety through the excited singlet states of polyfluorene. The lifetimes of the charge separated states were evaluated to be 20-50 ns, depending on the solvent polarity.     

C120异构富勒烯分子的AM1半经验量子化学研究

以哑铃状2C60聚合体、花生壳状2C60聚合体以及C120富勒烯分子为研究对象,采用AM1半经验量子化学方法,计算了3种C120异构富勒烯分子的几何构型、电子结构、分子能量、疏水常数、极化率与偶极矩;然后,根据计算结果,分析对比了3种C120异构体分子的化学稳定性与物理化学特性.研究结果表明,3种C120分子的形成均为吸热反应,它们的稳定性排序为:C120富勒烯>花生壳状2C60>哑铃状2C60分子.