酸及其浓度对多接收器等离子体质谱法测定Cu和Zn同位素的影响

运用多接收器等离子体质谱法 (MC-ICP-MS)测定同位素时,必须进行仪器质量歧视校正,而酸浓度对仪器质量歧视的影响是过去被忽视的问题.本实验以Cu和Zn同位素分析为例,研究了在HNO3和HCl介质进样条件下酸浓度对仪器质量歧视的影响.结果表明:HNO3 的浓度对Cu和Zn同位素的仪器质量歧视有显著影响,但二者并不同步;HCl的浓度在0.05 mol/L ～ 0.3 mol/L范围内对Cu和Zn同位素的仪器质量歧视没有影响.这说明与HNO3相比,HCl是一种更好的进样介质.在0.1 mol/L HCl 介质条件下,65Cu/63Cu 和66Zn/64Zn比值测定的长期重现性 (外部误差)均为0.00008 (2sd),比在HNO3介质下的重现性有明显改善.     

花岗岩风化壳稀土存在形态分析方法研究

研究了一个测定花岗岩风化壳中REE存在形态的方法。以0.2 mol/L MgCl_2,2.5 mol/LHCl,0.5 mol/L NaOH及含15%H_2O_2的2.5 mol/L HCl连续提取风化壳试样中的稀土。经X射线衍射、红外光谱及剖面试样测试,论证了每一提取态的内涵,提出了花岗岩风化壳中非原生矿物相稀土存在活性态、铁铝共沉淀态和有机结合态的新认识。     

TODGA树脂小柱分离-多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱（MC-ICP-MS）法测定岩石样品中Nd同位素比值

通过改进岩石样品分析物Nd的化学分离,实现Nd同位素比值的准确分析,为研究青藏高原岩石成因,揭示物质来源提供技术支持。采用TODGA萃淋树脂分离基体及其与Nd相邻的稀土元素,多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱（MC-ICP-MS）法测定Nd同位素比值,建立了简捷实用的地质样品Nd同位素分析方法。样品HF-HNO3分解, HNO3(3 mol/L )- H3BO3(0.12 mol/L)提取,上柱后,先用6 mL HCl(2.8 mol/L)淋洗干扰轻稀土,再用6 mL HCl(2.2 mol/L)淋洗分析物Nd,Nd淋洗液由MC-ICP-MS测定其同位素比值。分析国际岩石标准物质BCR-2、BHVO-2和AGV-2,所得143Nd/144Nd同位素比值（平均值 ± 2σ）分别为0.512638 ± 0.0000007、0.512990 ± 0.0000012和0.512792 ± 0.000016,这些同位素数据在误差范围内,与推荐值和文献值完全一致。方法适合各种类型地质样品,为西藏不同地区不同岩石提供了可靠的Nd同位素分析数据。     

地热水锂组分快捷分离纯化及同位素测定

锂是一种战略性矿产资源, 青藏高原蕴藏着富锂地热水, 锂同位素可以用来示踪其物质来源和演化过程。本文采用AG50W-X8阳离子交换树脂对地热水锂组分进行了快捷分离纯化, 建立了利用多接收电感耦合等离子质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)测定锂同位素的方法。移取适量的地热水样品加热蒸干, 转化成0.20 mol/L HCl溶液后上柱, 继续使用0.20 mol/L HCl纯化锂组分。当洗脱液中Na/Li比值≤1.2且锂的回收率超过99%时, 可以在MC-ICP-MS上直接测定锂同位素比值。应用该方法测定了标准物质L-SVEC、IRMM-016和标准海水IAPSO的δ7Li值, 结果分别为0.01±0.34‰、-0.02±0.46‰和30.75±0.35‰, 与推荐值相符合。利用L-SVEC配制的标准溶液检查了MC-ICP-MS的长期稳定性, 外精度要好于0.4‰ (2σ)。在测定青藏高原地热水样品时, 本方法获得了准确的δ7Li值, 可为青藏高原富锂地热水的成因机制研究提供技术支撑。     

乳状液膜体系分离提取铜离子

以Span80-对氨基苯磺酸(APS)-NH3液膜体系分离提取Cu2+。最佳分离条件为:制乳搅拌速度3500r/min,制乳时间及乳水混合时间分别为10min和20min,乳水比和油内比分别为0.38和0.44,APS、Span80和液体石蜡浓度分别为11%、4.4%和2.2%,内相NH3和外相HCl浓度分别为4.0mol/L和0.5mol/L。用该体系分离提取了模拟样中的Cu2+。     

H3PO4改性PS-EDTA树脂对水相中Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附性能研究

大孔氯甲基化聚苯乙烯小球先后与乙二胺、2-氯乙酸反应得EDTA型螯合树脂(PS-EDTA),再用磷酸在室温处理得PS-EDTA/P树脂。PS-EDTA/P树脂被用于水相中Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附净化处理,探讨了溶液的pH值、初始金属离子浓度、时间、温度等因素对吸附性能的影响,并研究了其对重金属离子的吸附动力学和热力学。结果表明,PS-EDTA/P树脂对Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温式、对Cd2+的吸附符合Freundlich等温式,准二级吸附动力学方程能够很好地描述3种金属离子在树脂上的吸附动力学行为。同时,PS-EDTA/P树脂对重金属吸附的热力学参数表明,PS-EDTA/P树脂对Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附是一个自发的、吸热的过程。已吸附Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的树脂可以用0.1mol/L HCl解吸,解吸后的树脂对Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+仍具有较高的吸附量。     

毛细管电泳分离检测中草药叶下珠中铜钴锌

以甲基百里酚蓝(MTB)为柱前配位剂,建立了毛细管电泳分离检测Cu、Co、Zn的方法。探讨检测波长、缓冲体系、缓冲液浓度、pH值及配位方式等对分离的影响。最佳实验条件为20 mmol/L Na2HPO4-NaOH 2.5×10-4mol/L MTB 60 mmol/L SDS(pH9.50)。线性范围为5.0×10-6mol/L~1.0×10-4mol/L,Cu、Co、Zn的检出限分别为2.0μmol/L、2.0μmol/L和1.0μmol/L。方法应用于经湿法消化处理的叶下珠样品中Cu、Co、Zn的测定,结果满意。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定镉、铅、铜和锌

 研究了meso-四（对羟基苯基）卟啉为柱前衍生化试剂与Cd2+,Pb2+,Cu2+和Zn2+离子的配合反应条件及配合物在C18色谱柱上的分离条件,建立了反相高效液相色谱快速分离光度检测Cd2+,Pb2+,Cu2+和Zn2+的新方法。配合物和试剂在15 min内出峰完毕。4种离子的检出限为: Cd2+0.02 ng,Pb2+0.02 ng, Cu2+0.02 ng,Zn2+0.12 ng;线性范围为:Cd2+0.8 μg/L～150 μg/L,Pb2+0.8 μg/L～300 μg/L,Cu2+0.8 μg/L～500 μg/L,Zn2+5.0 μg/L～1 000 μg/L;方法的日内相对标准偏差为:2.8%～4.8%,测定低、中、高3个浓度的日间相对标准偏差为3.7%～9.7%。     

ICP-AES法同时测定大洋富钴结壳中主量元素

大洋富钴结壳是蕴藏于深海底的巨大矿产资源。正确的资源评估取决于准确全面的成分分析。为此本文对大洋富钴结壳试样进行了样品前处理对比、仪器分析条件优化选择等试验 ,采用先经 HCl HNO3预溶解 ,再加 HF蒸干 ,HCl提取 ,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 (ICP- AES法 )同时测定锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、铝、钛、磷、镁、钙、锶、锌等 1 2种元素。通过对国家标准物质大洋多金属结核 GBW0 72 4 9的测定 ,证明方法精密度好 (RSD<4.5% ) ,准确度符合分析要求。方法已应用于大批太平洋富钴锰结壳样品分析。1　试验部分1 .1　仪器与试剂Plasm…     

电感耦合等离子体质谱测定富钴结壳中的稀土元素

采用封闭压力酸溶(HF+HNO3)消解样品,以Rh为内标,用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定富钴结壳中的稀土元素。用此方法对3个国家一级标准物质富钴结壳标样(GSMC-1,GSMC-2,GSMC-3)进行了多次测定,结果稀土元素的测定值与标准值相符,多次测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)在0.36%～4.0%之间,加标回收率为90%～106%。基于此方法,对6个富钴结壳样品进行了测定,显示富钴结壳样品中稀土元素的配分曲线与标准物质中稀土元素的配分模式一致。方法适用于富钴结壳样品的批量分析。     

Environmental isotopes (15N and 18O) in the assessment of groundwater degradation: Aveiro Quaternary aquifer (NW Portugal)

The Aveiro region, situated on the Northwest coast of Portugal is one of the most industrialized areas of Portugal. The shallow Quaternary aquifer system, mainly of detrital sediments of Pleistocene and Holocene ages, is still today an important water resource for this region despite growing evidence of diffuse pollution problems. Isotope techniques have been used to evaluate the aquifer vulnerability to nitrate contamination (δ¹⁸O and δ¹⁵N from NO₃ and δ²H and δ¹⁸O from H₂O). Nitrogen isotopes were used to identify nitrogen sources and assess agriculture, cattle-breeding, urban and industrial contributions to the nitrogen cycle in the Aveiro ecosystem.     

Asymmetric Induction by a Nitrogen 14N/15N Isotopomer in Conjunction with Asymmetric Autocatalysis

Chirality arising from isotope substitution, especially with atoms heavier than the hydrogen isotopes, is usually not considered a source of chirality in a chemical reaction. An N²,N²,N³,N³‐tetramethyl‐2,3‐butanediamine containing nitrogen (¹⁴N/¹⁵N) isotope chirality was synthesized and it was revealed that this isotopically chiral diamine compound acts as a chiral initiator for asymmetric autocatalysis.     

Determination of Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Nitrates: A Minireview

Nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O) in nitrates are important in hydrology, oceanography, atmospheric chemistry, and agriculture. This paper reviews current isotope ratio mass spectrometry methods for the determination of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrates that include graphite combustion, AgNO₃-ion exchange, Ba(NO₃)₂-acetone, two-step chemical conversion, bacterial approaches, and off-axis integral cavity output laser spectroscopy. This paper introduces the principles, processes, advantages, and disadvantages of these procedures. Future studies should focus on the determination of oxygen isotopes. The development of novel spectroscopic or other isotopic methodology may also be new research directions. In addition, in some nitrates, δ¹⁷O is more sensitive than traditional δ¹⁸O and further development for this isotope is of interest. In addition, the determination of δ¹⁷O may be used to more accurately evaluate δ¹⁸O.     

色谱与MC-ICP-MS联用在线同位素分析的研究进展

近年来,随着多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)的发展,金属同位素分析逐渐成为研究金属元素循环,深入了解其迁移转化及开展污染溯源与示踪的有效工具,日益引起了人们的广泛关注.在线同位素分析方法可以简化处理流程,更快速有效地获取同位素信息,逐渐引起了研究者的兴趣;另一方面,不同的金属和非金属以各种不同的化学形态...     

金属钇表面吸附氢同位素的量子力学计算

用量子力学B3P86方法,对H、D、T采用基函数6-311G^**,对Y采用SDD^**,计算了H2、D2、T2及其钇化合物YHn,YDn,YTn(n=1,2,3)的热力学性质,导出H与Y反应的△rHm^θ、△rSm^θ、△rGm^θ和平衡压力与温度的函数关系。文献值La-LaH2的氢化反应热为-209．296kJ／mol,本文计算值Y-YH2在298-700K间为-137．875到-155．477kJ／mol。LaH2．7的分解温度(平衡压力为0．1MPa时的平衡温度)文献值为1124℃,本文计算YH2的分解温度为782．9K。     

Coupled Si and O isotope measurements of meteoritic material by laser fluorination isotope ratio mass spectrometry

We present a procedure for the determination of the isotopic ratios of silicon and oxygen from the same aliquot of anhydrous silicate material. The sample is placed in a bromine pentafluoride atmosphere as it is heated with a CO₂ laser system releasing silicon tetrafluoride and oxygen gasses. The oxygen gas is then purified to remove other reaction by‐products through several liquid nitrogen traps before being captured onto a molecular sieve and transferred to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The silicon tetrafluoride gas is then purified using a supplementary line by repeatedly freezing to ?196°C with liquid nitrogen and then thawing with an ethanol slurry at ?110°C through a series of metal and Pyrex traps. The purified gas is then condensed into a Pyrex sample tube before it is transferred to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer for silicon isotope ratio measurements. This system has silicon yields of greater than 90% for pure quartz, olivine, and garnet standards and has a reproducibility of ±0.1‰ (2σ) for pure quartz for both oxygen and silicon isotope measurements. Meteoritic samples were also successfully analyzed to demonstrate this system's ability to measure the isotopic ratio composition of bulk powders with precision. This unique technique allows for the fluorination of planetary material without the need for wet chemistry. Though designed to analyze small aliquots of meteoritic material (1.5 to 3 mg), this approach can also be used to investigate refractory terrestrial samples where traditional fluorination is not suitable.     

A novel pentaazadentate bismacrocycle cadmium complex

A novel pentaazadentate bismacrocycle was synthesized through an improved procedure of 1:1 Schiff base condensation of diformyltripyrrane with 3,4,3′,4′‐tetraamino‐biphenyl hydrochloride using Pb²⁺ as template ion, in which the condensed byproduct water was removed efficiently to make the yield over 90%. Then the bismacrocycle legend reacted with cadmium chloride to yield the title metal complex with molecular weight being 1200.4 by TOF MS and the λ_max being 766 nm.     

Control strategies for laser separation of carbon isotopes

Laser isotope separation (LIS) by infrared laser chemistry of polyatomic molecules has come a long way since its discovery. The last decade has seen considerable efforts in scaling up of the process for light elements like carbon, oxygen and silicon. These efforts aim at ways to improve both the enrichment factor and the throughput. The achievement is quite significant especially for carbon isotope separation wherein macroscopic operating scales have been realized. We report our studies on the IR laser chemistry of two promising systems, viz. neat CF₂HCl and CF₃Br/Cl₂. We have investigated conditions for optimizing the dissociation yield and selectivity using natural samples containing l.l%C-13.Wealso highlight our current efforts for scaling up the process. These include the design aspects of a photochemical reactor with multipass refocusing Herriott optics for efficient photon utilization, development of a cryogenic distillation set up and a preparative gas chromatograph for large scale separation/collection of the isotopically enriched photoproduct in the post-irradiation stage.     

生产99Mo、131I和89Sr医用同位素的水溶液堆

99Mo1、31I和89Sr等医用同位素对人类健康和医学的发展具有非常重要的作用。与靶辐照反应堆相比,用水溶液堆生产99Mo1、31I和89Sr具有安全性好,结构简单,经济价值高,无靶件制备、溶解工艺,产生废物少等优点,用水溶液堆生产医用同位素具有很好的发展前景。由于多堆芯水溶液堆、高功率水溶液堆均能显著提高产率,低富集度235U水溶液堆符合核不扩散条约中对235U浓缩度的要求,因此这三种堆是水溶液堆未来的发展方向。