Hydrogen adsorption on carbon-doped boron nitride nanotube

The adsorption of atomic and molecular hydrogen on carbon-doped boron nitride nanotubes is investigated within the ab initio density functional theory. The binding energy of adsorbed hydrogen on carbon-doped boron nitride nanotube is substantially increased when compared with hydrogen on nondoped nanotube. These results are in agreement with experimental results for boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) where dangling bonds are present. The atomic hydrogen makes a chemical covalent bond with carbon substitution, while a physisorption occurs for the molecular hydrogen. For the H(2) molecule adsorbed on the top of a carbon atom in a boron site (BNNT + C(B)-H(2)), a donor defect level is present, while for the H(2) molecule adsorbed on the top of a carbon atom in a nitrogen site (BNNT + C(N)-H(2)), an acceptor defect level is present. The binding energies of H(2) molecules absorbed on carbon-doped boron nitride nanotubes are in the optimal range to work as a hydrogen storage medium.     

A Theoretical Study of the Interaction of Hydrogen and Oxygen with Palladium or Gold Adsorbed on Pyridine‐Like Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene

The interaction of H₂ and O₂ molecules in the presence of nitrogen‐doped graphene decorated with either a palladium or gold atom was investigated by using density functional theory. It was found that two hydrogen molecules were adsorbed on the palladium atom. The interaction of these adsorbed hydrogen molecules with two oxygen molecules generates two hydrogen peroxide molecules first through a Eley–Rideal mechanism and then through a Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. The barrier energies for this reaction were small; therefore, we expect that this process may occur spontaneously at room temperature. In the case of gold, a single hydrogen molecule is adsorbed and dissociated on the metal atom. The interaction of the dissociated hydrogen molecule on the surface with one oxygen molecule generates a water molecule. The competitive adsorption between oxygen and hydrogen molecules slightly favors oxygen adsorption.     

Adsorption of hydrogen molecules on the platinum-doped boron nitride nanotubes

Adsorption of hydrogen molecules on platinum-doped single-walled zigzag (8,0) boron nitride (BN) nanotube is investigated using the density-functional theory. The Pt atom tends to occupy the axial bridge site of the BN tube with the highest binding energy of -0.91 eV. Upon Pt doping, several occupied and unoccupied impurity states are induced, which reduces the band gap of the pristine BN nanotube. Upon hydrogen adsorption on Pt-doped BN nanotube, the first hydrogen molecule can be chemically adsorbed on the Pt-doped BN nanotube without crossing any energy barrier, whereas the second hydrogen molecule has to overcome a small energy barrier of 0.019 eV. At least up to two hydrogen molecules can be chemically adsorbed on a single Pt atom supported by the BN nanotube, with the average adsorption energy of -0.365 eV. Upon hydrogen adsorption on a Pt-dimer-doped BN nanotube, the formation of the Pt dimer not only weakens the interaction between the Pt cluster and the BN nanotube but also reduces the average adsorption energy of hydrogen molecules. These calculation results can be useful in the assessment of metal-doped BN nanotubes as potential hydrogen storage media.     

Binding of hydrogen on benzene, coronene, and graphene from quantum Monte Carlo calculations

Quantum Monte Carlo calculations with the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method have been used to compute the binding energy curves of hydrogen on benzene, coronene, and graphene. The DMC results on benzene agree with both M?ller-Plessett second order perturbation theory (MP2) and coupled cluster with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] calculations, giving an adsorption energy of ～25 meV. For coronene, DMC agrees well with MP2, giving an adsorption energy of ～40 meV. For physisorbed hydrogen on graphene, DMC predicts a very small adsorption energy of only 5 ± 5 meV. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations with various exchange-correlation functionals, including van der Waals corrected functionals, predict a wide range of binding energies on all three systems. The present DMC results are a step toward filling the gap in accurate benchmark data on weakly bound systems. These results can help us to understand the performance of current DFT based methods, and may aid in the development of improved approaches.     

钇对石墨烯储氢性能的影响

应用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究过渡金属钇（Y）修饰对石墨烯储氢性能的影响。考虑Y原子在石墨烯上易形成团簇,采用B原子掺杂有效阻止了团簇形成。通过模拟计算得到的改性体系稳定、储氢性能优异,可吸附6个H₂分子,平均吸附能范围为-0.539到-0.655 eV （per H₂）,理论上满足理想的氢吸附能范围。经Bader电荷初步计算和基于Y/B/graphene （G）体系吸附H₂分子的电子态密度及电荷差分密度图分析得,Y原子与石墨烯间通过电荷转移产生结合,与H₂分子则发生典型的Kubas型相互作用。Y原子改变了H₂分子与石墨烯基的电荷分布,成为连接两者电子云的桥梁,从而增强了H₂分子的吸附能。改性石墨烯体系吸附的均为氢分子,有利于在环境温度和压力条件下进行循环控制,是具有良好发展前景的储氢材料之一。     

新型掺杂多孔芳香骨架材料的储氢性能模拟

基于PAF-301分子模型通过Li掺杂或B取代等模式设计了几种新型多孔芳香骨架(PAFs)材料,采用量子力学和分子力学方法对新材料的储氢性能进行研究.由量子力学计算得到了不同分子片段与H2之间的结合能,并结合DDEC方法计算了各分子片段的原子电荷分布.利用巨正则蒙特卡洛(GCMC)模拟方法计算了77和298 K下H2在不同PAFs材料中的吸附平衡性质.结果表明,H2直接与苯环的结合能较低,但掺杂Li原子能够提高H2与六元环的结合能,同时Li原子体现出较高的正电性质,B原子取代苯环中的两个C原子后,使得原有C原子电负性增强;77 K下PAF-301Li具有最高的储氢性能,而PAF-C4B2H4-Li2-Si和PAF-C4B2H4-Li2-Ge体现出较好的常温储氢性能,各种材料的常温储氢性能远低于其低温储氢性能.通过77 K下H2在PAFs材料中的等位能面分布和吸附平衡质心密度分布对H2在PAFs材料中的优先吸附位置进行分析,发现在PAF-301和PAF-301Li骨架中,由于中心能量较低的等位能区域范围较宽,H2在其中存在四个明显的吸附高密度分布区域,而其它三种PAFs晶胞中心能量较低的等位能区域范围较窄,使得H2在其中只存在两个明显的吸附高密度分布区域.     

A theoretical study of the cohesion of noble gases on graphite

The interactions of the noble gases with a graphene sheet are investigated theoretically. The short range repulsive interaction between the noble gas and each carbon atom is described using Hartree-Fock atomic densities and a local density functional theory with the exchange functional corrected for the finite range of the interaction by introducing a Rae-type correction depending on the effective number of electrons. The long range interactions are introduced as the sum of the Axilrod-Teller triple-dipole interaction plus the dipole-dipole and dipole-quadrupole dispersive attractions damped according to the theory of Jacobi and Csanak. The energy arising from the interactions between the permanent quadrupoles on the carbon atoms with the dipole they induce on the noble gas is negligible, being nonzero only on account of the atomistic structure of graphene. The mobile and delocalized nature of the graphene pi electrons causes the effective number of electrons to be around 500 rather than that of 12 appropriate for a system of entirely localized interactions with individual carbon atoms. Inclusion of the Axilrod-Teller term is required to obtain reliable predictions for the binding energies and equilibrium geometries. Absorption of a noble gas atom is predicted to occur at the site above the center of a six membered ring although this is preferred over two other sites by only about 5 meV. The methods presented for generating all the potentials can be applied to derive the interactions between any ion and carbon atom in the wall of a single-walled nanotube. Knowledge of these interactions is required to study the alkali halide nanocrystals encapsulated in single-walled carbon nanotubes of current interest.     

椅型碳纳米管吸附氢原子电子结构的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函方法对氢原子在(5,5)椅型碳纳米管上的吸附进行了研究, 分别考察了氢原子覆盖度为5%和10%时的构型和吸附能. 研究结果表明, H原子吸附在管外壁要比管内壁能量上更为有利, 同时第二个H原子倾向于吸附在前一个H原子的吸附位置邻近的碳原子上. 由能带计算结果得知, 吸附一个H原子时, 椅型碳纳米管将由导体转变为半导体; 当第二个H原子处在偶数位时, 纳米管仍保持较好的导电性能, 而吸附在奇数位时将使管的传输能力减弱. 本文进一步通过分析纳米管(共轭体系的分布情况对管传输性质的变化进行解释.     

Fe元素及点缺陷对焦炭表面NH_3异相吸附的影响:密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论,并使用具有周期性边界条件的石墨烯模型近似模拟焦炭表面,研究了Fe原子修饰及点缺陷对NH_3在焦炭表面异相吸附的影响。计算结果表明,NH_3分子在点缺陷石墨烯表面的吸附属于物理吸附,结合能为-0.381 e V;NH_3分子吸附在Fe修饰的完整石墨烯表面属于化学吸附,吸附能为-1.442 eV; Fe原子修饰及点缺陷单独存在下NH_3的吸附能均大于NH_3在完整石墨烯表面的吸附(吸附能为-0.190 eV)。此外,Fe原子修饰与点缺陷共存对NH_3的吸附具有协同作用,结合能达到-3.538 eV,明显大于两者单独存在下NH_3的吸附能之和,综合分析Mulliken布居数与态密度,Fe原子与石墨烯表面、NH_3分子之间有更多地电荷转移,可以解释两者共存对NH_3吸附协同促进的原因。     

Enhanced Adsorption of SO2 Molecule on Al- and Si-Doped Pyridinic Nitrogen Doped Graphene

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The adsorption properties of SO2 molecule on the surface of pyridinic nitrogen doped graphene (4NG), M/4NG and M/2NG (M = Al, Li, Si) are investigated...     

First-principles study of hydrogen adsorption in metal-doped COF-10

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), due to their low-density, high-porosity, and high-stability, have promising applications in gas storage. In this study we have explored the potential of COFs doped with Li and Ca metal atoms for storing hydrogen under ambient thermodynamic conditions. Using density functional theory we have performed detailed calculations of the sites Li and Ca atoms occupy in COF-10 and their interaction with hydrogen molecules. The binding energy of Li atom on COF-10 substrate is found to be about 1.0 eV and each Li atom can adsorb up to three H(2) molecules. However, at high concentration, Li atoms cluster and, consequently, their hydrogen storage capacity is reduced due to steric hindrance between H(2) molecules. On the other hand, due to charge transfer from Li to the substrate, O sites provide additional enhancement for hydrogen adsorption. With increasing concentration of doped metal atoms, the COF-10 substrate provides an additional platform for storing hydrogen. Similar conclusions are reached for Ca doped COF-10.     

Hydrogen adsorption in defected carbon nanotubes

Recently there has been lot of interest in the development of hydrogen storage in various systems for the large-scale application of fuel cells, mobiles and for automotive uses. Hectic materials research is going on throughout the world with various adsorption mechanisms to increase the storage capacity. It was observed that physisorption proves to be an effective way for this purpose. Some of the materials in this race include graphite, zeolite, carbon fibers and nanotubes. Among all these, the versatile material carbon nanotube (CNT) has a number of favorable points like porous nature, high surface area, hollowness, high stability and light weight, which facilitate the hydrogen adsorption in both outer and inner portions. In this work we have considered armchair (5,5), zig zag (10,0) and chiral tubes (8,2) and (6,4) with and without structural defects to study the physisorption of hydrogen on the surface of carbon nanotubes using DFT calculations. For two different H₂ configurations, adsorption binding energies are estimated both for defect free and defected carbon nanotubes. We could observe larger adsorption energies for the configuration in which the hydrogen molecular axis perpendicular to the hexagonal carbon ring than for parallel to C–C bond configuration corresponding to the defect free nanotubes. For defected tubes the adsorption energies are calculated for various configurations such as molecular axis perpendicular to a defect site octagon and parallel to C–C bond of octagon and another case where the axis perpendicular to hexagon in defected tube. The adsorption binding energy values are compared with defect free case. The results are discussed in detail for hydrogen storage applications.     

Interaction of atomic hydrogen with single-walled carbon nanotubes: a density functional theory study

We have studied the interaction of atomic hydrogen with (5,5) and (10,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) using density functional theory. These calculations use Gaussian orbitals and periodic boundary conditions. We compare results from the local spin density approximation, generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and hybrid density functionals. We have first kept the SWNT geometric structure fixed while a single H atom approaches the tube on top of a carbon atom. In that case, a weakly bound state with binding energies from -0.8 to -0.4 eV was found. Full geometry relaxation leads to a strong SWNT deformation, weakening the nearest C-C bonds and increasing the binding energy by about 1 eV. Full hydrogen coverage of the (5,5) SWNT converts this metallic nanotube into an insulator with a band gap of 3.4 eV for the GGA functional and 4.8 eV for the hybrid functional. Hybrid functionals perform similar to pure density functional theory functionals for the calculation of binding energies while band gaps critically depend on the functional choice.     

A theoretical study of the effects of transition metal dopants on the adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen on nickel clusters

The structure, stability, adsorption, and dissociation of H₂ on nickel clusters doped with late transition metals were investigated using density functional theory with the BP86 functional. Molecular hydrogen physisorption occurred at a vertex atom with a low coordination number. Charge transfer between clusters and the H₂ molecule stabilized the physisorption. The chemisorption of H₂ occurred at the bridge sites, without any structural or spin change of the clusters. Among the pentamer clusters, Cd, Zn, and Au had the lowest chemisorption energies, while Ir and Pt had higher chemisorption energies for hydrogen. The computed reaction energies and activation barriers for the dissociation mechanism showed that dopants such as Rh, Pd, Pt, and Au have endothermic reaction energies and low activation barriers. This facilitates the reversible adsorption/dissociation of the H₂ molecule on these metal‐doped clusters. The dopant atoms play a major role in modulating the physisorption, chemisorption, and dissociation mechanism of H₂ on nickel clusters. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Predicting whether aromatic molecules would prefer to enter a carbon nanotube: A density functional theory study

The interaction of a carbon nanotube (CNT) with various aromatic molecules, such as aniline, benzophenone, and diphenylamine, was studied using density functional theory able to compute intermolecular weak interactions (B3LYP-D3). CNTs of varying lengths were used, such as 4-CNT, 6-CNT, and 8-CNT (the numbers denoting relative lengths), with the lengths being chosen appropriately to save computation times. All aromatic molecules were found to exhibit strong intermolecular binding energies with the inner surface of the CNT, rather than the outer surface. Hydrogen bonding between two aromatic molecules that include N and O atoms is shown to further stabilize the intermolecular adsorption process. Therefore, when benzophenone and diphenylamine were simultaneously allowed to interact with a CNT, the aromatic molecules were expected to preferably enter the CNT. Furthermore, additional calculations of the intermolecular adsorption energy for aniline adsorbed on a graphene surface showed that the concavity of graphene-like carbon sheet is in proportion to the intermolecular binding energy between the graphene-like carbon sheet and the aromatic molecule.     

钙元素对焦炭表面NO吸附行为的影响:密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了Ca元素对焦炭表面NO吸附行为的影响。使用周期性石墨烯模型近似模拟实际焦炭表面的石墨化结构,并在石墨烯表面装饰Ca原子(按质量计Ca原子覆盖率为13.3%),考察了Ca元素对焦炭表面NO吸附的催化作用。计算结果表明,NO分子在纯净石墨烯表面的吸附属于物理吸附,结合能仅为-19.34 kJ/mol;石墨烯表面掺入Ca原子后,由于Ca原子4s轨道和3d轨道的电子转移到NO分子,结合能显著提高至-206.02 kJ/mol。     

铁脂质体/水分配系数测定及影响因素考察

基于PAF-301分子模型通过Li 掺杂或B取代等模式设计了几种新型多孔芳香骨架(PAFs)材料, 采用量子力学和分子力学方法对新材料的储氢性能进行研究. 由量子力学计算得到了不同分子片段与H₂之间的结合能, 并结合DDEC方法计算了各分子片段的原子电荷分布. 利用巨正则蒙特卡洛(GCMC)模拟方法计算了77和298 K下H₂在不同PAFs材料中的吸附平衡性质. 结果表明, H₂直接与苯环的结合能较低, 但掺杂Li 原子能够提高H₂与六元环的结合能, 同时Li 原子体现出较高的正电性质, B原子取代苯环中的两个C原子后, 使得原有C原子电负性增强; 77 K下PAF-301Li 具有最高的储氢性能, 而PAF-C₄B₂H₄-Li₂-Si 和PAF-C₄B₂H₄-Li₂-Ge体现出较好的常温储氢性能, 各种材料的常温储氢性能远低于其低温储氢性能. 通过77 K下H₂在PAFs材料中的等位能面分布和吸附平衡质心密度分布对H₂在PAFs 材料中的优先吸附位置进行分析, 发现在PAF-301 和PAF-301Li 骨架中, 由于中心能量较低的等位能区域范围较宽, H₂在其中存在四个明显的吸附高密度分布区域, 而其它三种PAFs晶胞中心能量较低的等位能区域范围较窄, 使得H₂在其中只存在两个明显的吸附高密度分布区域.     

Hydrogen storage in pure and Li-doped carbon nanopores: combined effects of concavity and doping

Density functional calculations are reported for the adsorption of molecular hydrogen on carbon nanopores. Two models for the pores have been considered: (i) The inner walls of (7,7) carbon nanotubes and (ii) the highly curved inner surface of nanotubes capped on one end. The effect of Li doping is investigated in all cases. The hydrogen physisorption energies increase due to the concavity effect inside the clean nanotubes and on the bottom of the capped nanotubes. Li doping also enhances the physisorption energies. The sum of those two effects leads to an increase by a factor of almost 3 with respect to the physisorption in the outer wall of undoped nanotubes and in flat graphene. Application of a quantum-thermodynamical model to clean cylindrical pores of diameter 9.5 A, the diameter of the (7,7) tube, indicates that cylindrical pores of this size can store enough hydrogen to reach the volumetric and gravimetric goals of the Department of Energy at 77 K and low pressures, although not at 300 K. The results are useful to explain the experiments on porous carbons. Optimizations of the pore size, concavity, and doping appear as promising alternatives for achieving the goals at room temperature.     

Density functional theory study on the possibility of Si‐, Ge‐, and Sn‐doped carbon nanotubes as efficient support materials for platinum

PBEPBE‐D3 calculations were performed to investigate how platinum (Pt) interacts with the internal and external surfaces of single‐walled pristine, Si‐, Ge‐, and Sn‐doped (6,6) carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Our calculations showed that atomic Pt demonstrates stronger binding strength on the external surfaces than the internal surface adsorption for the same type of nanotube. In cases of external surface adsorptions, Si‐, Ge‐, and Sn‐doped CNTs show comparable binding energies for Pt, at least 1.40 eV larger than pristine CNT. This enhancement can be rationalized by the strong covalent interactions between Pt and X? C (X = Si, Ge, and Sn) pairs based on structural and projected density of states analysis. In terms of internal surface adsorptions, Ge and Sn doping could significantly enhance the binding of Pt. Pt atom shows much more delocalized and bonding states inside Ge‐ and Sn‐doped CNTs, indicating multiple‐site interaction pattern when atomic Pt is confined inside the nanotubes. However, the internal surface of Si‐doped CNT presents limited enhancement in Pt adsorption with respect to that of pristine CNT because of their similar binding geometries. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

石墨烯中的单空位缺陷对铂原子催化解离氧分子的影响

采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法研究了石墨烯中的单空位缺陷对铂原子(Pt)催化解离O_2分子的影响.计算发现O_2分子首先通过[2+1]或[2+2]环加成作用吸附在以单空位缺陷石墨烯为载体的Pt上(Pt-SV),并以不同的路径进行解离,吸附能分别为-158.23和-152.45kJ/mol.由于石墨烯片上单空位缺陷的存在,O_2分子更容易吸附在单空位缺陷处的Pt上,并且O_2在Pt-SV上解离的能垒(130.25kJ/mol)也明显比在Pt-pristine上解离的能垒低(76.23kJ/mol).因此石墨烯上单空位缺陷的存在提高增加了Pt的催化能力.