光学分层热成像法重建火焰三维温度场分布的研究

本文提出了用光学分层成像法（Optical Sectioning TOmography,OST）重建火焰三维温度场分布的理论和方法。用一个固定位置CCD摄像机分别聚焦火焰的不同截面,得到一系列的叠加火焰图像,对该组图像建立模型,采用图像反演算法,可以重建火焰不同截面的辐射分布。该测量方法实验设备简单,有一定的空间和时间分辨率。     

多焦距微透镜阵列光场成像火焰三维温度场测量

多焦距微透镜阵列可提高聚焦光场相机的深度分辨率。为了研究多焦距微透镜阵列对光场成像火焰三维温度场测量的影响,本文在火焰辐射光场成像模型的基础上,分析了单焦距微透镜阵列和多焦距微透镜阵列的火焰辐射光场成像特征,计算了两种不同微透镜阵列下的火焰辐射图像,根据火焰光场图像重建了火焰的三维温度场。开展了多焦距微透镜阵列聚焦光场相机火焰三维温度场重建的实验研究,并对数值计算和实验结果进行了分析。     

光学三维成像实验系统

建立光学投影层析三维成像系统,该系统包括光学成像、图像采集、断层重建及三维显示,重建算法为滤波反投影算法.实验结果表明:利用该系统得到的重建图像与样品的形状吻合,重建结果边缘清晰,伪迹较小.     

宽场光学相干断层成像系统的三维显微成像

宽场相干断层成像技术（WFOCT）具有提高OCT系统的扫描速率和实现高分辨率的三维显微技术等优点,成为当前研究的热点。本文阐述了WFOCT的基本原理,利用八步移相法重建出玻璃物体微细结构的断层图像,研究了宽场OCT系统对玻璃材料的纵向分辨率和探测深度,其中探测深度可达3.3 mm。在获得多幅断层图像的基础上,利用VC6.0和OpenGL混合编程,采用移动立方体（MC）算法重建出玻璃物体微细结构的三维图像。实验结果表明,WFOCT系统不但能够在生物组织检测等医学方面得到应用,而且对反射率较高的物体能够完成三维形貌显微成像探测和深度探测。     

同步辐射红外共聚焦谱学三维成像重建算法研究

为获取物质内部成分的三维分布信息,研究了基于同步辐射红外光源的共聚焦三维成像重建算法。采用单点探测器扫描成像的方式,根据同步辐射红外谱学显微共聚焦三维成像的原理及非线性特性,建立了同步辐射红外谱学显微共聚焦三维成像模型;根据该模型的特点建立测试样品的模型,模拟了红外谱学共聚焦三维成像测试,得到了共聚焦三维成像的测试数据;分别使用Levenberg-Marquardt算法和改进型高斯-牛顿算法对使用前向模型模拟采集得到的结果进行重建。结果表明,前向模型中未加入误差时,Levenberg-Marquardt算法可以重建样品的三维信息,在前向模型中加入1%误差时,Levenberg-Marquardt算法重建得到的结果与实际结果偏差较大,而改进型高斯-牛顿算法可以重建样品的三维信息。     

单相机离焦法测量粒子三维运动轨迹

本文提出一种测量空间粒子三维运动轨迹的新方法。该方法是当利用双孔透镜成像时,单点粒子在离焦光学成像系统中会形成包含粒子空间信息的两点像,根据粒子像在像平面上的位置和间距可以获取空间粒子的三维空间位置。本文用单点发光体模拟单点粒子,用ＣＣＤ摄像机连续摄取粒子的瞬时空间运动图像,用计算机对获得的图像进行处理,可以得到粒子三维运动轨迹。这种方法可以应用于三维流场的流动显示研究     

三维发光体成像问题研究

采用几何光学对三维发光体的透镜成像问题进行了研究。考虑到成像光锥的贡献，在近轴近似下，得到了发光体的辐射强度表示像平面上照度分布的积分表达式，由此得到了下列结果：（１）沿光路上每一垂直于光路的平面上能量贡献是一样的。（２）由于光路积分，探测器测到的光强涨落的幅度小于实际的涨落幅度，但在一定的条件下，发光体的涨落图像可重现。     

光学仪器 医用光学仪器

TH773 2005043168 基于光学相干断层成像无损血液分析仪的研制=Research of undamaging hemanalyzer based on optic concerned fault- age imaging[刊,中]／余成波(重庆工学院远程测试与控制技术研究所,重庆(400050)),徐霞…／／激光杂志,-2004, 25(6),-79-80 提出一种基于光学相干断层成像无损血液分析仪的方法。采用宽频带激光光源以光学干涉方法对组织不同焦点深度处进行区域聚焦和对图像进行融合重建,以获取不同断层深度血管内各种血细胞三维结构的相干断层图     

基于仿射变换从序列图像恢复物体的三维结构

提出了一种基于仿射变换重建物体三维结构的新算法。不同于以往的基于仿射变换的重建算法,该算法首先基于新的仿射投影矩阵分解算法得到物体三维结构值及摄像机的外参数信息;其次用光束法平差修正模型误差和提高三维结构的精度。算法用仿真实验和实拍图像都得到了精确、可靠的结果。     

基于单次曝光光场成像的全焦图像重建技术

为了实现大景深信息全焦面高质量成像,提出了基于单次曝光光场成像的导向滤波全焦图像重建技术:结合光场成像采集视场信息,并采用光场重建的方式获取多聚焦图像源集,利用导向滤波的方法确定各级图像融合权重,进行图像融合得到大景深的全焦图像.实验证明,提出的基于单次曝光光场成像的导向滤波全焦图像重建技术不仅有效保证了多聚焦图像背景...     

Sectional image reconstruction and three-dimensional microscopy of small particles by angular spectrum method

In this letter, we demonstrate sectional image reconstruction and three-dimensional microscopy of small particles. We demonstrate sectional image reconstruction and holographic methods to obtain 2D and 3D images of small particles. A single hologram is sufficient to obtain a section containing only the focused parts of the reconstructed image. One can obtain images of different plane sections of a specimen in addition to its 3D display. The reconstruction of a digital hologram is based on the plane-wave expansion of the diffracted wave fields using Fourier optics (this method is also known as the angular spectrum method). With this method, the object-to-hologram distance can be quite small because the minimum-distance requirement does not apply. Furthermore, numerical reconstruction of transparent objects by this method may be interesting for micro-structure measurement.     

Enhancement of histological volumes through averaging and their use for the analysis of magnetic resonance images

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of small animals is routinely performed in research centers. But despite its many advantages, MR still suffers from limited spatial resolution which makes the interpretation and quantitative analysis of the images difficult, particularly for small structures of interest within areas of significant heterogeneity. One possibility to address this issue is to complement the MR images with histological data, which requires reconstructing 3D volumes from a series of 2D images. A number of methods have been proposed recently in the literature to address this issue, but deformation or tearing during the slicing process often produces reconstructed volumes with visible artifacts and imperfections. In this paper, we show that a possible solution to this problem is to work with several histological volumes, reconstruct each of these separately and then compute an average. The resulting histological atlas shows structures and substructures more clearly than any individual volume. We also propose an original approach to normalize intensity values across slices, a required preprocessing step when reconstructing histological volumes. We show that the histological atlas we have created can be used to localize structures and substructures, which cannot be seen easily in MR images. We also create an MR atlas that is associated with the histological atlas. We show that using the histological volumes to create the MR atlas is better than using the MR volumes only. Finally, we validate our approach quantitatively on MR image volumes by comparing volumetric measurements obtained manually and obtained automatically with our atlases.     

Three-dimensional visualization of objects in scattering medium using integral imaging and spectral analysis

This paper presents a three-dimensional visualization method of 3D objects in a scattering medium. The proposed method employs integral imaging and spectral analysis to improve the visual quality of 3D images. The images observed from 3D objects in the scattering medium such as turbid water suffer from image degradation due to scattering. The main reason is that the observed image signal is very weak compared with the scattering signal. Common image enhancement techniques including histogram equalization and contrast enhancement works improperly to overcome the problem. Thus, integral imaging that enables to integrate the weak signals from multiple images was discussed to improve image quality. In this paper, we apply spectral analysis to an integral imaging system such as the computational integral imaging reconstruction. Also, we introduce a signal model with a visibility parameter to analyze the scattering signal. The proposed method based on spectral analysis efficiently estimates the original signal and it is applied to elemental images. The visibility-enhanced elemental images are then used to reconstruct 3D images using a computational integral imaging reconstruction algorithm. To evaluate the proposed method, we perform the optical experiments for 3D objects in turbid water. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods.     

利用匹配区域的纹理特征改善重构三维图像的视觉质量

研究了计算机重构三维图像时分辨率低的问题,提出一种改善3D计算机全景重构图像的视觉质量的方法,该方法利用3D空间的物体部分在每个元素图像中形成的匹配区域的纹理特征,从两个相邻的元素图像中的匹配区域提取出多个像素,经过加权计算重构出相应的图像区域.该方法与传统的计算机重构方法相比,提高了图像分辨率,同时也消除了从每个元素图像中提取多个像素直接重构图像时存在的"像素块"效应,改善了重构图像的视觉质量.     

三维显微图像复原及点扩散函数的研究

三维显微图像去卷积计算量巨大,运算时间长。评价和分析了三维点扩散函数、散焦像、光学切片以及不同三维点扩散函数去卷积的复原图像,进一步证明了散焦光信息对焦面像的干扰,主要来自于焦面像两侧附近的散焦像。提出了折中选择三维PSF的空间大小,可以获得良好的复原效果,并且减少运行时间。提出了频谱图均值的新概念,作为评价图像清晰及模糊程度的标准,并运用于散焦像、光学切片以及复原结果图的评价。     

双重分数傅里叶变换计算全息

提出了双重分数傅里叶变换计算全息，在这种方法中，将两个图像的信息分别经不同阶的分数傅里叶变换后，记录在同一张分数傅里叶变换计算全息图上，它需要两个特定的分数傅里叶变换系统才能再现出所记录的图像信息，利用其再现方式的特殊性，可制成一种新的安全认证系统。     

一种基于Zernike多项式的波前探测和重构方法

运用Ｎｏｌｌ建议的Ｚｅｒｎｉｋｅ多项式形式表征大气扰动的波面，求出由两个离焦面上的光强分决定的Ｚｅｒｎｉｋｅ多项式的前ｎ项在特定的探测器上的响应矩阵Ｒ。由Ｒ和输入的随机波面在两个离焦面上的光强分布，可方便地求出其Ｚｅｒｎｉｋｅ多项式的系数，从而实现了波前的探测和重构。采用光线追迹的变方法，用计算机模拟验证了这种方法的原理和可行性。     

Noise-Robust Image Reconstruction Based on Minimizing Extended Class of Power-Divergence Measures

The problem of tomographic image reconstruction can be reduced to an optimization problem of finding unknown pixel values subject to minimizing the difference between the measured and forward projections. Iterative image reconstruction algorithms provide significant improvements over transform methods in computed tomography. In this paper, we present an extended class of power-divergence measures (PDMs), which includes a large set of distance and relative entropy measures, and propose an iterative reconstruction algorithm based on the extended PDM (EPDM) as an objective function for the optimization strategy. For this purpose, we introduce a system of nonlinear differential equations whose Lyapunov function is equivalent to the EPDM. Then, we derive an iterative formula by multiplicative discretization of the continuous-time system. Since the parameterized EPDM family includes the Kullback–Leibler divergence, the resulting iterative algorithm is a natural extension of the maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (MLEM) method. We conducted image reconstruction experiments using noisy projection data and found that the proposed algorithm outperformed MLEM and could reconstruct high-quality images that were robust to measured noise by properly selecting parameters.     

3D image registration using a fast noniterative algorithm

This note describes the implementation of a three-dimensional (3D) registration algorithm, generalizing a previous 2D version [Alexander, Int J Imaging Systems and Technology 1999;10:242-57]. The algorithm solves an integrated form of linearized image matching equation over a set of 3D rectangular sub-volumes ('patches') in the image domain. This integrated form avoids numerical instabilities due to differentiation of a noisy image over a lattice, and in addition renders the algorithm robustness to noise. Registration is implemented by first convolving the unregistered images with a set of computationally fast [O(N)] filters, providing four bandpass images for each input image, and integrating the image matching equation over the given patch. Each filter and each patch together provide an independent set of constraints on the displacement field derived by solving a set of linear regression equations. Furthermore, the filters are implemented at a variety of spatial scales, enabling registration parameters at one scale to be used as an input approximation for deriving refined values of those parameters at a finer scale of resolution. This hierarchical procedure is necessary to avoid false matches occurring. Both downsampled and oversampled (undecimating) filtering is implemented. Although the former is computationally fast, it lacks the translation invariance of the latter. Oversampling is required for accurate interpolation that is used in intermediate stages of the algorithm to reconstruct the partially registered from the unregistered image. However, downsampling is useful, and computationally efficient, for preliminary stages of registration when large mismatches are present. The 3D registration algorithm was implemented using a 12-parameter affine model for the displacement: u(x) = Ax + b. Linear interpolation was used throughout. Accuracy and timing results for registering various multislice images, obtained by scanning a melon and human volunteers in various stationary positions, is described. The algorithm may be generalized to more general models of the displacement field, and is also well suited to parallel processing.     

An exact, linear solution to the problem of imaging through turbulence

We show how, in principle, to solve the ‘blind deconvolution' problem. This is in the context of the problem of imaging through atmospheric turbulence. The approach is digital but not iterative, and requires as input data but two short-exposure intensity images, without the need for reference point sources. By taking the Fourier transform of each image and dividing, a set of linear equations is generated whose unknowns are sampled values of the two random point spread functions that degraded the images. An oversampling by 50% in Fourier space equalizes the number of unknowns and independent equations. With some prior knowledge of spread function support, and in the absence of added noise of image detection, the inverted equations give exact solutions. The two observed images are then inverse filtered to reconstruct the object.