广州化学2004年第29卷1～4期总目次

带羧基丙烯酸酯乳液与无机粉料共混物的性能研究.................周一琨,李业琛,杨元龙,徐宇亮,葛家良PAA模板体系中CuS纳米棒的自组装合成...............................................刘成峰,翁家宝,郑雪琳,孙萃玉铁卟啉的合成及其电催化性能研究............................................................刘东任,蒋金芝,唐有根,汤一婕Cu2+/TiO2对甲基橙的光催化降解机理........................................张胜利,陈小明,罗和安,曾金祥,黄一姣掺Tb3+聚醋酸乙烯乳液的制备及性质研究.................................…     

氟含量对含氟丙烯酸酯共混乳胶膜梯度结构和表面性能的影响

首先将制备出的平均粒径较小的含氟丙烯酸酯均聚物乳液与平均粒径较大的纯丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液按不同的比例( 1/9,2/8,3/7,4/6,5/5)共混,接着将各共混乳液在室温下(20℃)玻璃基材上干燥后,于110℃/210℃下热处理一段时间.运用接触角法,XPS、AFM、SEM-EDX等详细研究了共混乳胶膜中含氟组分含量对...     

高特PET-PBT共混单丝的结构与性能

采用一定比例的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)进行共混改性纺制大直径单丝,通过对共混单丝的力学性能、扫描电子显微镜及热性能分析,研究了共混比例、后拉伸工艺对共混物的相容性和拉伸强度的影响.结果表明:通过PET-PBT共混,提高了单丝的勾结强度;液体冷却温度、拉伸倍率及拉伸温度是影响共混单丝...     

各类多组分聚合物中的特殊相互作用

本文以作者实验室的新结果为主,评述了关于向各类多组分聚合物中引入特殊相互作用及其对相客性的影响以及该领域的发展趋势.所讨论的多组分聚合物包括简单共混物、嵌段共混物、互穿网络聚合物、共聚物和均聚物的共混物、离聚物的共混物以及无机粒子和聚合物的复合物等.     

PP-EPR二嵌段共聚物作PP/EPT共混增容剂的探讨

对以实验室合成的PP-EPR二嵌段共聚物作为PP/EPT二元共混物的增容剂进行了探讨。共混物在增容前后的物理力学性能的变化说明PP-EPR对PP/EPT共混物具有优良的增容效果;同时又有克服通常因橡胶增韧塑料而强度下降的优点。形态结构的表征结果说明共混物为两相结构,阐明了PP-EPR的作用以及低温冲击强度大幅度提高和在增容后抗张强度损失减少的原因。     

SAN共聚物组成对PVC/ABS共混物相容性的影响

采用乳液聚合技术通过改变共聚单体的投料比(St/AN)合成了一系列不同AN结合量的ABS接枝共聚物粉料和SAN共聚物.将其与聚氯乙烯(PVC)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)熔融共混分别制得了PVC/ABS、PVC/SAN、PVC/ABS/DOP和PVC/SAN/DOP共混物,利用SEM、TEM和动态力学粘弹谱仪(DMA)对共混物的相容性和相结构进行了表征.结果发现,在PVC/ABS共混体系中,尽管改变接枝SAN共聚物的AN结合量,PVC和SAN共聚物均为不相容体系;在该共混物中引入增塑剂DOP后,虽然当SAN共聚物AN结合量小于23.4 wt%时,共混物在室温以上只存在一个tanδ峰,但形态结构研究结果表明共混物仍为不相容体系,共混物的相区尺寸明显地依赖于SAN共聚物中的AN结合量,当AN结合量为23.4 wt%时相区尺寸最小.     

热致液晶PEI与PES—C共混物的研究

通过熔融共混,制备不同配比（２．５／９７．５－７５／２５）的ＰＥＩ／ＰＥＳ－Ｃ共混物,使用ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ、锥板流变仪、力学性能测试、ＳＥＭ等方法对共混物进行了研究。共混后强度、模量均有提高,在高剪切速率下,共混物的粘度有所降低。扫描电镜照片显示,共混物具有“皮芯”结构。     

聚合物二元共混物拉伸强度混合规则的改进模型

改进了关于聚合物二元共混物拉伸强度混合规则的模型 ,保留了原模型中分别表征共混物界面和相结构对共混物拉伸强度产生影响的两个因子F和M .用此模型处理了三个共混体系的拉伸强度数据 ,反算出共混体系的界面强度因子F和相结构强度因子M ,结果表明 ,该改进模型的预测值与实验结果相符程度与原式几无差别 ,但使F和M的物理意义更为明确、合理 ,其相关系数也有所增大     

聚2,5-呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混物的制备与表征

通过熔融共混制备了聚2,5-呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEF)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)共混物,探究了制备PEF/PBS共混物的影响因素,考察了共混温度、共混时间、螺杆转速、共混比例对PEF/PBS共混物力学性能的影响因素,并用示差扫描量热仪、热失重、扫描电子显微镜等技术手段对其热性能和相容性进行了表征。 结果表明,当PBS的含量为15%、共混温度为230 ℃,共混时间为90 s、螺杆转速为150 r/min时,为最佳共混制备条件,此时相容性最好,热性能良好,冲击强度和拉伸强度最大,冲击强度相对纯PEF提高了6倍,拉伸强度提高了近20%,从而大幅提高了PEF的冲击强度,有效地增强了PEF的抗冲击韧性。 这些工作为这一生物基聚酯材料的应用提供了可能。     

动态固化聚丙烯/环氧树脂共混物的研究

将动态硫化技术应用于热塑性树脂 热固性树脂体系 ,制备了动态固化聚丙烯 (PP) 环氧树脂共混物 .研究了动态固化PP 环氧树脂共混物中两组分的相容性、力学性能、热性能和动态力学性能 .实验结果表明 ,马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯 (PP g MAH)作为PP和环氧树脂体系的增容剂 ,使分散相环氧树脂颗粒变细 ,增加了两组分的界面作用力 ,改善了共混物的力学性能 .与PP相比 ,动态固化PP 环氧树脂共混物具有较高的强度和模量 ,含 5 %环氧树脂的共混物拉伸强度和弯曲模量分别提高了 30 %和 5 0 % ,冲击强度增加了 15 % ,但断裂伸长率却明显降低 .继续增加环氧树脂的含量 ,共混物的拉伸强度和弯曲模量增加缓慢 ,冲击强度无明显变化 ,断裂伸长率进一步降低 .动态力学性能分析 (DMTA)表明动态固化PP 环氧树脂共混物是两相结构 ,具有较高的储能模量 (E′)     

Characterization of commercial artists’ acrylic paints and the influence of UV light on aging

A large part of Mexican artistic heritage was created with artists’ acrylic emulsion paints, so it is crucial to investigate their composition, behavior, and decay. Acrylic films are complex chemical systems combining organic and inorganic compounds; therefore, the degradation studies require a variety of techniques. We characterize three acrylic films before and after ultraviolet aging. The relative composition of the polymer matrix was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance, pyrolysis—gas chromatography—mass spectrometry and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry with direct analysis in real time. The inorganic compounds and surfaces were characterized by microscopic techniques, such as digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and micro X-ray diffraction. The combined use of these techniques proved to be effective for an in-depth study of the acrylic painting degradation process. The main results were the gradual degradation for the organic surfactant and the loss of inorganic aggregates (talc and carbonates), that led to the disruption of the paint film, which points out the importance of studying the role and interaction of all compounds.     

Stabilization of water/n‐hexane emulsions by amphiphilic copolymers based on vinyl ethers and their polycomplexes with poly(acrylic acid)

Amphiphilic random copolymers based on vinyl ether of ethylene glycol and vinyl butyl ether as well as their polycomplexes with poly(acrylic acid) were studied as polymeric reagents for the stabilization of water/n‐hexane emulsions. The emulsion stability strongly depended on the content of vinyl butyl ether in the copolymers as well as their concentration in solution. The more hydrophobic copolymers stabilized emulsions more efficiently. An increase in the temperature and the addition of inorganic salts reduced the emulsion lifetime. The formation of interpolymer complexes between the copolymers and poly(acrylic acid) significantly influenced the stability of the emulsions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2625–2632, 2004     

双丙酮丙烯酰胺参与共聚的聚丙烯酸酯乳液的制备及其应用

肼;聚氨酯;乳液性质;交联;双丙酮丙烯酰胺参与共聚的聚丙烯酸酯乳液的制备及其应用     

苯丙乳液合成反应条件优化

以苯乙烯、丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等为单体,采用乳液聚合制备了苯丙乳液,研究了合成温度、引发剂用量、乳化剂用量、功能性单体丙烯酸用量等反应条件对苯丙乳液性能的影响,并探讨了丙烯酸单体对乳液耐酸碱稳定性的影响,确定了合成反应条件.结果表明,随着合成温度的提高,混合单体的转化率迅速增加,78℃时转化率最大(达到97.1%),而后随温度继续提高基本保持不变.混合单体转化率随过硫酸钾引发剂用量的增加呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,当过硫酸钾与混合单体质量比为0.010时转化率最大,此时单体转化完全.此外,随着乳化剂用量增加,乳液的外观、钙离子稳定性、凝胶等性能都有所提高,但吸水率也相应增加.最佳合成反应条件为:合成温度为78℃,混合单体组成为15g苯乙烯、2g丙烯酸、18g丙烯酸丁酯、8g甲基丙烯酸甲酯,引发剂和乳化剂与单体质量比分别为0.010和0.035.得到的苯丙乳液在酸性条件下具有良好的稳定性.     

Acrylic polymer/silica hybrids prepared by emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization and the sol–gel process

Acrylic polymer/silica hybrids were prepared by emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization and the sol–gel process. Acrylic polymer emulsions containing triethoxysilyl groups were synthesized by emulsifier‐free batch emulsion polymerization. The acrylic polymer/silica hybrid films prepared from the acrylic polymer emulsions and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were transparent and solvent‐resistant. Atomic force microscopy studies of the hybrid film surface suggested that the hybrid films did not contain large (e.g., micrometer‐size) silica particles, which could be formed because of the organic–inorganic phase separation. The Si? O? Si bond formed by the cocondensation of TEOS and the triethoxysilyl groups on the acrylic polymer increased the miscibility between the acrylic polymer component and the silica component in the hybrid films, in which the nanometer‐size silica domains (particles) were dispersed homogeneously in the acrylic polymer component. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 273–280, 2006     

Thermal analysis of the interaction of inorganic pigments with p(nBA/MMA) acrylic emulsion before and after UV ageing

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) analyses were used to investigate the influence of inorganic pigments on the photo-oxidative stability of an acrylic emulsion binding medium. For this purpose, three different types of inorganic pigments such as ultramarine blue, cadmium red and hydrated chromium oxide green were selected and mixed with an acrylic emulsion binding medium of poly(n-butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate). These laboratory mixed paints were analysed before and after UV exposure for different periods of time. In addition, three acrylic commercial paints such as ultramarine blue, cadmium red and chromium oxide green from Liquitex^® and Rembrandt^® companies were also analysed. The results obtained with both thermal techniques suggested that ultramarine blue has the strongest influence on the photo-oxidative stability of the binding medium. A higher increase of the glass transition temperature T _g was observed by DSC analysis on the UV aged binder mixed with ultramarine blue. This result was confirmed by the TG investigations that showed a gradual decrease of the initial temperature of degradation as well as the strongest decrease of the final mass% of the organic compounds. Similar results were measured from the Liquitex^® and Rembrandt^® blue paints.     

高浓度丙烯酸酯类微凝胶分散液的制备及性质

用微乳液聚合方法合成了浓度高达30wt%的丙烯酸酯类微凝胶,研究了乳化剂用量和微乳液浓度对微凝胶粒径及分布的影响,以及交联剂用量对微凝胶二甲苯分散液的流变行为的影响。利用制备的微凝胶对高固体份羟基丙烯酸树脂进行了改性。实验结果表明,微凝胶改性的树脂具有显著的切力变稀现象。     

丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯乳液的制备及性能研究

采用共聚的方法制备出丙烯酸酯改性的水性聚氨酯共聚乳液(PUA乳液),并对PUA乳液的制备方法和工艺、耐溶剂性、机械稳定性进行了初步的研究。结果表明,具有IPN结构的PUA乳液耐溶剂性、机械稳定性比水性PU有明显的提高。     

Evolution of particle morphology during the synthesis of hybrid acrylic/CeO2 nanocomposites by miniemulsion polymerization

The evolution of the morphology of an acrylic/CeO₂ hybrid latex synthesized by a two step seeded semibatch emulsion polymerization process was investigated. The seed was produced by batch miniemulsion polymerization and in the second step a neat monomer preemulsion was fed to the seed to increase the solids content and encapsulate the inorganic material. The morphology of the hybrid miniemulsion droplets, the seed and the final latex was analyzed by TEM. The morphologies achieved could be explained by theoretical equilibrium morphology maps based on the interfacial tensions of the monomeric, polymeric, inorganic and aqueous phases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 792–799     

丙烯酸树脂水溶胶的乳液法合成

描述了通过乳液聚合方法合成丙烯酸树脂水溶胶的合成方法，研究了分子量、亲水基团(羧基)含量对水溶胶粒径的影响，分析了在乳液转变成水溶胶的过程中，体系粘度、透光率、表面张力以及粒子形态的变化。