锰配合物催化CO2加氢生成甲酸的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)对锰配合物催化二氧化碳加氢生成甲酸的反应进行了理论研究. 整个催化循环主要包括氢气活化和二氧化碳氢化2个阶段. 计算结果表明, 甲酸的参与明显降低了氢气活化的反应能垒; 二氧化碳的氢化过程遵循外层机理并且氢转移是分步进行的, 决速步骤为氢负离子的转移过程, 自由能垒为21.0 kJ/mol. 对配合物中硫原子上的取代基R进行了调变, 研究结果表明, 当R为吸电子基团时能降低氢气裂解和二氧化碳氢化过程中质子转移的能垒, 而当R为推电子基团时有利于氢负离子的转移,当R=CF₃时整个反应的能量跨度(80.4 kJ/mol)最小.     

简单的配体改变调控钌配合物催化还原CO_2的活性:硼基配体的对位效应和Ru―H键的性质（英文）

开发高效的催化剂用于催化还原CO_2转化为甲酸和它的盐类已经成为研究的热点,是因为将CO_2转化为C1产物不仅可以解决CO_2的含量升高带来的环境问题,还可以解决化石能源燃烧日趋严重的问题。贵金属配合物催化CO_2转化为甲酸和甲酸盐类是目前这类反应最有效的方式,尤其是Ru、Ir和Rh等贵金属。我们之前的研究结果表明Ir(Ⅲ),Ru(Ⅱ)类配合物催化还原CO_2转化为甲酸盐的活性是由配合物Ru―H键的成键性质决定的。它们能高活性的催化CO_2是由于它们都含有同一种特点的Ru―H键,是由Ru的sd~2杂化轨道和H的1s轨道杂化而成的,而且这一特点可以被活性氢的对位配体显著影响。鉴于硼基配体具有强的对位效应,我们基于高活性的均相催化剂Ru(PNP)(CO)H_2 (PNP=2,6-二(二叔丁基磷甲基)-吡啶)设计了Ru-PNP-HBcat和Ru-PNP-HBpin,并计算了二者催化还原CO_2的活性。Bcat和Bpin配体是实验上常用的硼基配体。我们的计算结果表明Ru-PNP-HBcat和Ru-PNP-HBpin有比Ru-PNP-H_2更长的Ru―H键、亲核性更强的活性氢,其Ru―H键中的Ru原子的d轨道杂化成分的贡献也比Ru-PNP-H_2的更少。相应地Ru-PNP-HBcat和RuPNP-HBpin活化CO_2的能垒比Ru-PNP-H_2低。而且Ru-PNP-H_2、Ru-PNP-HBcat和Ru-PNP-HBpin催化CO_2转化为甲酸盐的能垒分别为76.2、67.8、54.4 kJ·mol~(-1),表明Ru-PNP-HBpin具有最高的催化活性。因此,钌配合物催化还原CO_2的活性可由硼基配体强的对位效应和Ru―H键的成键性质来调控。     

Cu_2O(111)催化水煤气变换反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论结合周期平板模型方法系统地研究了水煤气变换反应在Cu_2O(111)表面上的反应机理,包括氧化还原机理、羧基机理和甲酸根机理.结果表明,在Cu_2O(111)表面,羧基机理和甲酸根机理均可行,且甲酸根机理更为有利,其最佳反应途径为H_2O~*→H~*+OH~*;CO(g)+H~*+OH~*→trans-HCOOH~*(1)→cis-HCOOH~*→CO_2~*+H_2(g).其中trans-HCOOH~*(1)→cis-HCOOH~*为其决速步,该基元反应的能垒仅为59 kJ·mol~(-1).羧基机理的最优反应路径同样是以H_2O的解离反应开始,随后CO(g)+OH~*→cis-COOH~*→trans-COOH~*→CO_2(g)+H~*,最后产生的两个吸附的H原子先迁移再结合生成H_2,整个反应的控速步骤为H原子的迁移,迁移能垒为96 kJ·mol~(-1).氧化还原机理则由于OH解离需要越过一个很高的能垒(254 vs.187 kJ·mol~(-1))而不可行.     

高分散Ru/FeO_x催化剂在二氧化碳选择加氢反应中的应用及其催化活性的调控（英文）

由于化石能源的大量开采和利用造成CO_2过度排放,从而导致严重的温室效应和气候环境问题,给人类生存带来极大威胁.CO_2选择加氢反应可以将CO_2催化加氢生成高附加值的CO产物.与其他的CO_2转化反应策略相比,该过程中H2的消耗更少,成为可有效处理及转化CO_2的手段之一.同时,应尽可能抑制CO_2深度加氢以及甲烷的产生,研制及设计具有高CO选择性的新型高效催化剂及其构效关系的分析仍十分重要.据报道,负载型贵金属基催化剂的使用有利于H2分子的活化,具有优异的催化活性,因而广泛应用于多种催化反应中.然而,贵金属催化剂实现工业应用的最大挑战是资源的限制及其高额的成本.近年来,由贵金属制备的负载型亚纳米团簇受到广泛关注,主要包括如Au,Pt,Pd,Ru等贵金属,可有效应用于多相催化反应.人们还致力于提高负载型亚纳米团簇的分散度,促进催化剂活性位点的有效暴露,有利于大幅度提高催化剂的有效利用率.本文采用共沉淀法成功制备了超高分散的负载型Ru基催化剂,通过CO_2选择加氢-程序升温表面反应(TPSR)和质谱联用技术测试了催化剂性能,发现CO_2加氢反应生成CO选择性达100%.采用XRD,BET和TEM等方法对催化剂结构进行表征,并结合H2-TPR,H2-TPD和XPS等表征结果深入探讨了催化剂构效关系,并提出了针对该催化剂体系较为合理的反应模型.在CO_2选择加氢反应的催化性能测试中,2.50%Ru/FeO_x催化剂对目标产物CO选择性仅为41%;随着Ru负载量降低至0.25%和0.1%时,CO选择性明显提高至80%;当进一步降低Ru含量至0.01%时,CO选择性接近100%,且表现出优异的反应速率-.在360 oC时,0.01%Ru/FeO_x催化剂的相对反应速率为7.71 mol_(CO_2) mol_(Ru)~(-1) min~(-1),是2.50%Ru/FeO_x催化剂相对反应速率的154倍.H_2-TPR结果表明,贵金属Ru可以明显促进载体FeO_x的还原,并产生丰富的氧空位,进而促进CO_2的吸附、活化.而且CO_2选择加氢TPSR结果显示,目标产物CO的起始生成温度总是滞后于原料H2的初始活化温度,与H_2-TPR结果及文献报道的CO_2选择加氢反应机理一致.通过H_2-TPD深入理解H2在催化剂表面的活化和氢溢流现象,以及Hads与不同催化剂之间的相互作用力,0.01%Ru/FeO_x催化剂相对较高的H2脱附峰温度表明,该样品中Ru与Hads具有极强的相互作用力,相对抑制了Hads与COads深入加氢生成CH_4,从而提高了CO选择性,而2.50%Ru/FeO_x催化剂的情况则与此相反.本文提出了从Hads吸附作用力强弱来考虑CO_2选择加氢反应选择性的新思路,同时为设计CO_2选择加氢制高附加值CO的高催化反应速率、高CO选择性的高分散Ru基催化剂提供了一种经济简易的催化剂设计思路.     

Ru掺杂对Fe催化剂上酚类化合物加氢脱氧影响的密度泛函理论研究北大核心CSCD

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算研究了苯酚、邻甲酚、愈创木酚在不同结构Ru-Fe(211)表面上吸附活化性能和加氢脱氧反应路径.结果表明,Ru掺杂能促进H2分子在Fe(211)表面上解离,提高加氢脱氧反应速率.酚类在1Ru_(ads)-Fe(211)表面上吸附比在1Ru_(sub)-Fe(211)表面上更稳定,苯酚和邻甲酚脱羟基步骤能垒分别降低0.13和0.28 eV,有利于生成芳烃.愈创木酚在1Ru_(sub)-Fe(211)表面上加氢脱氧优势路径是先脱甲氧基生成苯酚,苯酚再加氢脱氧生成产物苯(速控步骤能垒1.16 eV);而在1Ru_(ads)-Fe(211)表面上愈创木酚先脱羟基再脱甲基生成苯酚的路径更具有动力学优势(速控步骤能垒1.21 eV).计算结果表明Ru掺杂方式影响Fe催化剂对酚反应分子的吸附稳定性以及加氢脱氧反应路径和性能.与1Ru掺杂Fe(211)催化剂相比,增加Ru原子数形成4Ru_(ads)-Fe(211),能够进一步提高酚类反应物的吸附强度,但导致加氢脱氧反应能垒升高.因此,在Fe催化剂上以表面吸附的形式掺杂少量贵金属Ru更利于酚类加氢脱氧生成芳烃.     

基于密度泛函理论下H_2S在单原子催化剂V/Ti_2CO_2上的分解机理研究

解析工业脱硫气中硫化氢与催化剂的相互作用机制及其分解机理对于开发处理H_2S气体的催化剂具有重要意义。本研究采用密度泛函理论计算方法研究了H_2S分子在单原子催化剂(SACs,Ti和V原子负载的单层MXene-Ti_2CO_2)表面上的吸附和催化解离行为。分波态密度(PDOS)、电荷分析以及差分电荷密度的结果表明:单原子Ti和V的负载导致了Ti_2CO_2表面上的电荷进行重新分配,并且显著改善了H_2S分子与Ti_2CO_2之间的相互作用,从而提高SACs的催化活性。为了深入理解硫化氢分子的催化处理过程及其分解机理(H_2S→HS~*+H~*→H2+S~*),本研究对硫化氢分子在Ti/Ti_2CO_2和V/Ti_2CO_2表面上的分解反应路径进行了对比分析。结果表明:硫化氢分子在被Ti和V负载的Ti_2CO_2表面上都能够自动解离形成-HS基团和一个质子(HS~*/H~*),而且在V负载的Ti_2CO_2的SACs上,整条路径的速率限制步骤所要跨越的能垒低至0.28e V,该结果表明H_2S分子可在室温下能容易地被单原子催化剂V/Ti_2CO_2解离成H_2分子和S原子,而且S原子能够在该催化剂表面团聚形成稳定的单质硫,从而完成催化循环。此外,使用该SACs催化剂分解H_2S,相比于已经报道过的其它体系的催化剂,无论是在可持续经济角度还是处理能力方面都有较好的应用前景。综上所述,我们发现V负载的Ti_2CO_2催化剂能够高效催化分解硫化氢气体。     

Ni/Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2界面催化CO_2甲烷化密度泛函理论研究

将温室气体CO_2催化加氢转化为CH_4,有利于碳资源化利用和减轻环境污染,是具有一定现实意义的模型化反应.实验发现,氧化物负载型催化剂对CO_2甲烷化过程展现出较高的催化活性和稳定性,但其催化机理和界面作用机制并未得到清楚认识.基于DFT+U计算方法,本文系统研究了复合氧化物Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2负载Ni体系催化CO_2甲烷化复杂基元过程.结果表明,在Ni/Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2(110)体系中,CO_2甲烷化反应涉及CO_2分解和甲酸盐两条途径,且CO_2的分解途径占主导地位,整个反应的控制步骤为CO_2吸附过程.产物甲烷是由界面上CO_2解离加氢产生的CH基团进一步在金属Ni活性位上加氢生成,揭示了该催化体系中载体与负载物之间存在协同催化作用,即载体界面主要发生碳氧化物的脱氧加氢,碳氢中间物种的加氢反应在Ni上发生.     

吡啶甲酸铑阳离子催化甲醇羰基化反应机理的理论计算

采用有效核近似从头算方法,在HF/LANL2DZ水平下用Berny优化法,对吡啶甲酸铑阳离子催化剂催化甲醇羰基化反应中各基元反应的中间体、过渡态和产物的几何结构进行了优化,过渡态结构通过振动分析进行了确认;计算了各反应的活化位垒.CH_3OH与CO在吡啶甲酸铑阳离子催化剂的作用下反应分4步进行:(1)CH3I氧化加成反应;(2)羰基重排反应:(3)羰基配位反应;(4)CH_3COI还原消除反应.对于各基元反应,CH3I氧化加成反应位垒最高(167.78kJ/mol),是整个反应过程的决速步骤;羰基重排反应和CH_3COI还原消除反应的活化位垒分别为110.67和62.94 kJ/mol,羰基配位反应的位垒为零.与[Rh(CO)_2I_2]-催化剂相比,吡啶甲酸铑阳离子催化剂具有相同的催化机理,但后者催化剂上各步反应的位垒较低.     

镍配合物催化N-烯丙基酰胺异构化反应机理

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,对镍配合物Ni(PPh3)2催化N-烯丙基酰胺异构化生成N-丙烯基酰胺的微观反应机理进行了计算.反应涉及了C—H键活化、异构化及还原消除生成新的C—H键等步骤.对C—H键活化和异构化步骤,分别考虑了Ni(PPh_3)_2和Ni(PPh_3)的催化活性,发现均为前者对应的能垒更低;对异构化步骤,分别考虑了π-烯丙基和σ-烯丙基机理,发现前者能垒更低.在整个反应路径中,生成产物E异构体的决速能垒为141.8 kJ/mol,与生成Z异构体的决速能垒(141.1 kJ/mol)仅差0.7 kJ/mol,与实验上E/Z选择性不高(56/44)一致.Pd(PPh_3)_2催化的决速中间体和过渡态的计算表明,生成E和Z异构体的决速能垒较高,均超过175 kJ/mol,与实验上Pd(PPh_3)_4没有催化活性一致.Ni(PPh_3)_2和Pd(PPh_3)_2催化活性不同,可由Ni的d电子对烯丙基阴离子π*反键的反馈作用较Pd更强来解释.此外,通过反应物中不同取代基对产物E/Z选择性影响的分析,发现E/Z选择性不同是由各取代基在生成E和Z异构体的决速过渡态中所受空间位阻不同所导致.     

改性羰基钴催化氢甲酰化反应系列基元反应的理论研究

在HF/LANL2DZ水平下,采用有效核势能近似(ECP)从头算方法,研究了有机膦配体改性羰基钴催化的氢甲酰化反应循环中部分基元反应步骤的微观反应机理.优化了基态势能面上诸反应中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型.计算了反应活化位垒.结果表明,羰基插入、加氢氧化和脱氢还原的基元反应步骤的活化位垒分别为54.02,134.02和43.44kJ/mol.     

Zeolite-catalyzed hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and ethene

Ab initio molecular orbital theory and density functional theory calculations have been used to study the three-stage zeolite-catalyzed hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol and the hydrogenation of C2H 4 to ethane, with the aim of designing an effective zeolite catalyst for these reactions. Both Br?nsted acid (XH) and alkali metal (XM) sites in model zeolites (-X-Al-XH- or -X-Al-XM-) have been examined. It is found that appropriately designed zeolites can provide excellent catalysis for these reactions, particularly for the hydrogenation of CO2, HCO2H and CH2O, with uncatalyzed barriers of more than 300 kJ mol(-1) being reduced to as little as 17 kJ mol(-1) (in the case of CH2O). The reaction barrier depends on the acidity of the XH moiety or the nature of the metal cation M in the XM moiety, and the basicity of the adjacent X group in the catalyst. For a catalyst based on alkali metal zeolites (XM), the catalytic activity is relatively insensitive to the nature of X in the XM group. As a result, the catalytic activity for these types of zeolites increases as X becomes more basic. We propose that alkali metal zeolites with Ge and N incorporated into the framework could be very effective catalysts for hydrogenation processes.     

Catalytic gasification of Pakistani Lakhra and Thar lignite chars in steam gasification

采用热重法在常压与700℃~900℃条件下的水蒸气气化过程,对两种巴基斯坦Lakhra和Thar褐煤半焦进行了单一和混合催化剂(即3%钙和5%钠-黑液单一催化剂及一种3%钙和5%钠-黑液混合催化剂)对碳转化率、气化反应速率常数及活化能、有害污染含硫气体相对量的催化效应研究.两者Lakhra和Thar褐煤半焦经直接气化就可获得高的碳转化率,但采用纸浆黑液催化剂可使气化速率变得很快.含灰高的Thar褐煤半焦在纸浆黑液催化气化过程更易生成一些复杂的硅酸盐,从而导致比含灰低的Lakhra褐煤半焦出现一个更低的转化率.在水蒸气气化过程由半焦和纸浆黑液自身所产生的SO2 和 H2S含硫气体可为存在于纸浆黑液中的Ca盐所捕获而完成脱硫过程,但这一过程在低于900℃时更有效.缩芯模型 (SCM)可较好地用来关联转化率与时间的关系并给出不同温度下的反应速率常数k.基于阿累尼乌斯方程预测了反应活化能Ea 和指前因子A.在纸浆黑液和钙混合催化及纸浆黑液催化剂时,Lakhra褐煤半焦的Ea分别为44.7kJ/mol和 59.6kJ/mol明显小于Thar褐煤半焦的Ea=114.6kJ/mol 和 Ea=100.8kJ/mol,同样也小于无催化剂纯半焦气化时Lakhra褐煤半焦的Ea=161.2kJ/mol和Thar半焦的Ea=124.8kJ/mol.     

The influence of the potassium promoter on the kinetics and thermodynamics of CO adsorption on a bulk iron catalyst applied in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: a quantitative adsorption calorimetry, temperature-programmed desorption, and surface hydrogenation study

The adsorption of carbon monoxide on an either unpromoted or potassium-promoted bulk iron catalyst was investigated at 303 K and 613 K by means of pulse chemisorption, adsorption calorimetry, temperature-programmed desorption and temperature-programmed surface reaction in hydrogen. CO was found to adsorb mainly molecularly in the absence of H(2) at 303 K, whereas the presence of H(2) induced CO dissociation at higher temperatures leading to the formation of CH(4) and H(2)O. The hydrogenation of atomic oxygen chemisorbed on metallic iron was found to occur faster than the hydrogenation of atomically adsorbed carbon. At 613 K CO adsorption occurred only dissociatively followed by recombinative CO(2) formation according to C(ads) + 2O(ads)→ CO(2(g)). The presence of the potassium promoter on the catalyst surface led to an increasing strength of the Fe-C bond both at 303 K and 613 K: the initial differential heat of molecular CO adsorption on the pure iron catalyst at 303 K amounted to 102 kJ mol(-1), whereas it increased to 110 kJ mol(-1) on the potassium-promoted sample, and the initial differential heat of dissociative CO adsorption on the unpromoted iron catalyst at 613 K amounted to 165 kJ mol(-1), which increased to 225 kJ mol(-1) in the presence of potassium. The calorimetric CO adsorption experiments also reveal a change of the energetic distribution of the CO adsorption sites present on the catalyst surface induced by the potassium promoter, which was found to block a fraction of the CO adsorption sites.     

Effect of reaction conditions and kinetic study on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over fused Co-Ni /Al_2O_3 catalyst

Co-Ni/Al2O3catalyst was prepared by the fusion method and used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS).The catalysts were characterized by means of nitrogen sorption and scanning electron microscopy.The effect of some reaction conditions such as temperature,pressure and H2/CO feed ratio on the catalytic performance of Co-Ni/Al2O3in CO hydrogenation was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor.The results indicate that the optimum reaction conditions are 250℃,0.3 MPa,H2/CO feed ratio of 2.0,and GHSV of 3 000 h-1.Kinetically,the reaction rate was correlated with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson type models.The activation energy for the best fitted model is 88.41 kJ/mol,suggesting that the intra-particle mass transport is not significant.     

四氯化硅催化氢化合成三氯氢硅机理研究

针对四氯化硅催化氢化过程采用第一性原理机理对其进行模拟研究,结果表明:没有催化剂时,SiCl4与H2反应能垒为464.45 kJ/mol,反应能量为74.94 kJ/mol,与热力学计算结果 71.85 kJ/mol一致.负载在HZSM-5分子筛上的氯化钡可催化四氯化硅氢化反应,其最具催化活性表面为(111)面;H2在BaCl2(111)面上表现排斥性;SiCl4表现为吸附性,可在BaCl2(111)表面稳定吸附并生成.SiCl3自由基,过程吸附能为448.33 kJ/mol;在催化剂BaCl2存在条件下,SiCl4与H2反应为自由基反应,反应步骤能垒为400.23 kJ/mol;氢化过程能垒降为184.97kJ/mol;催化氢化反应过程所需能量为64.20 kJ/mol.催化氢化过程反应条件相对无催化剂过程更为温和.     

Pd/Cu(111)双金属表面催化糠醛脱碳及加氢的反应机理

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究糠醛在最稳定Pd/Cu(111)双金属表面上的吸附构型和糠醛脱碳及加氢的反应机理。结果表明,当糠醛初始吸附于O_3-Pd-top、O_7-Cu-hcp位时,吸附构型最稳定,其吸附能为73.4 kJ/mol。糠醛在Pd/Cu(111)双金属表面上更易发生脱碳反应。对于糠醛脱碳反应,所需活化能较低,各个基元反应均为放热反应,糠醛更易先失去支链上的H形成(C_4H_3O)CO,然后中间体脱碳加氢得到呋喃,其中,C_4H_3O加氢生成呋喃所需活化能(72.6 kJ/mol)最高,是反应的控速步骤。对于加氢反应,糠醛与首个氢原子的反应需要最大的活化能(290.4 kJ/mol),是反应的限速步骤。     

非晶态超微粒子镍合金催化剂的研究──Ⅱ．Ni－B催化剂对苯加氢反应动力学的研究

非晶态超微粒子镍合金催化剂的研究──Ⅱ．Ｎｉ－Ｂ催化剂对苯加氢反应动力学的研究李同信，张秀峰，李合秋（中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，大连１１６０２３）靳常德，蒋育林，崔建彤，王大庆（大连理工大学化工学院，大连１１６０１１）关键词非晶态超微粒子，镍基合...     

Quasi-homogeneous hydrogenation with platinum and palladium nanoparticles stabilized by dendritic core-multishell architectures

Platinum and palladium nanoparticles, supported and stabilized by polymeric core-shell architectures, proved to be active catalysts for hydrogenation reactions. Here, two different reactions were used as probes to investigate the influence of the polymeric support: the hydrogenation of α-methyl styrene (AMS) to cumene and the partial hydrogenation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD). We found that the stability of the nanoparticles and the rate of reaction are higher in the presence of a hydrophobic octadecyl shell within a three-shell polymer system. The kinetic study of AMS hydrogenation showed much higher activities for palladium nanoparticles than for platinum nanoparticles, and the obtained results (e.g., 35 kJ/mol for the activation energy) are of the same order of magnitude as reported earlier for palladium supported on alumina. A methanol/n-heptane biphasic mixture was tested for catalyst recycling and allowed for highly efficient catalyst separation with very low metal leaching.     

Understanding the effect of cobalt particle size on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: surface species and mechanistic studies by SSITKA and kinetic isotope effect

Co/γ-Al(2)O(3) catalysts with particle sizes in the range of 4-15 nm were investigated by isothermal hydrogenation (IH), temperature programmed hydrogenation (TPH), and steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA). Kinetic isotope effect experiments were used to probe possible mechanisms on Co/γ-Al(2)O(3) with different particle size. It was found that CO dissociated on Co/γ-Al(2)O(3) catalysts at 210 °C. The total amount of CO(2) formed following the dissociation depends on the cobalt crystal size. O-Co binding energy was found to be highly dependent on the Co metal particle size, whereas similar C-Co binding energy was found on catalysts with different Co particle size. Very strongly bonded carbon and oxygen surface species increased with decreasing particle size and acted as site blocking species in the methanation reaction. SSITKA experiments showed that the intrinsic activity (1/τ(CH(x))) remained constant as the particle size increased from 4 to 15 nm. The number of surface intermediates (N(CH(x))) increased with increasing particle size. The apparent activation energies were found similar for these catalysts, about 85 kJ/mol. D(2)-H(2) switches further confirmed that the particle size did not change the kinetically relevant steps in the reaction. The reactivity of the active sites on the 4 nm particles was the same as those on the 8, 11, and 15 nm particles, and only the number of total available surface active sites was less on the 4 nm particles than on the others.     

PVP-Pd催化剂六氯苯加氢脱氯中两种氢源的贡献

近年来,随着环境问题的日益突出,含卤有机化合物作为一类主要的环境污染物,其加氢脱卤反应的研究越来越多地受到人们的关注.