芯片式流通池顺序注射可更新表面反射光谱分析系统的研究

本文提出一种用于流动注射或顺序注射分析进样可更新表面反射光谱法检测的芯片式流通池 ,并将此流通池与顺序注射系统及检测系统相匹配。流通池采用三层组合结构 ,流通池通道刻在中间层的硅橡胶膜上 ,多孔滤层横嵌于硅橡胶膜上的通道处以实现对微珠的截留。流通池检测窗口面积约为 3 6mm2 ,填充微珠体积 2 2 μL ,微珠层厚度 6 0 0 μm。与流通池相接的多股双岔光纤分别与光源、检测器相耦合 ,以实现对微珠表面的反射光谱检测。工作中采用Cr(Ⅵ )与固定在PolysorbC 18微珠表面的DPC的显色反应做为模型系统对流通池和仪器系统进行优化。微珠表面反射光谱在 5 40nm处检测 ,Cr(Ⅵ )采样量 10 0 μL ,载流流速为 1 0mL·min- 1 时 ,线性范围为 0～ 0 6 μg·mL- 1 Cr(Ⅵ ) ,检测限为 6ng·mL- 1 ,分析精度RSD(n =11)为1 5 % ,进样频率 6 4样·h- 1 。文中讨论了分析体系的设计思路 ,微珠层厚度、微珠注入量、载流流速、采样量等因素对检测的影响     

吖啶橙-罗丹明B二聚体能量转移体系在DNA测定中的应用及机理研究

首次研究了吖啶橙 罗丹明B二聚体能量转移体系作为荧光探针用于DNA的测定 ,并对其机理进行了探讨。用于鲱鱼精DNA和小牛胸腺DNA的测定 ,线性范围分别为 0 33～ 1 33mg·L- 1 ,0 33～ 3 33mg·L- 1 ,检测限分别为 1 6 3× 10 - 3mg·L- 1 ,1 5 2× 10 - 3mg·L- 1 。对 1 0 0mg·L- 1 鲱鱼精DNA和小牛胸腺DNA的测定 ,相对标准偏差分别为 2 4 %和 2 0 %。     

芯片式微型流通池顺序注射化学发光法测定水中的亚硝酸根

设计了一种芯片式流通池和顺序注射技术联用,基于在酸性介质中NO-₂与H₂O₂反应生成不稳定的过氧亚硝酸, 在碱性环境中猝灭为过氧亚硝酸盐迅速分解产生化学发光的原理,测定了环境水中痕量的亚硝酸根离子浓度;和常规的顺序注射进样方式不同,将流通池作为储存管的一部分,在顺序注射进样条件下可以迅速跟踪捕捉化学发光反应信号;采用阳离子交换树脂进行水样前处理,消除了阳离子的干扰。NO-₂浓度在1×10-6～1×10-4 mol·L-1范围内和发光强度呈线性关系。方法的检测限为6.8×10-7 mol·L-1。对浓度为1×10-5 mol·L-1 的试液,11次重复测量的相对标准偏差为2.7% ,回收率在90%～99% 之间,分析频率为80 h-1。     

关于降低AFS-930型原子荧光光度计汞检出限的方法研究

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)是测试环境样品汞(Hg)的高灵敏度方法,但是为了适应污染物形态分析的需要,其灵敏度需要作进一步的提升和改善。通过提高光电倍增管负高压至280 V和空心阴极灯的灯电流至30 mA,原子化器高度设为10 mm,并降低KBH₄溶液到0.5%(KOH 0.2%)等调整措施大大改善了仪器对Hg的灵敏度,仪器检出限从原来的8 ng·L-1降至2 ng·L-1(n=6)。在优化的条件下,可以获得线性良好的0～10 ng·L-1浓度Hg标准曲线,能够实现对Hg浓度约为4 ng·L-1的水溶液的准确测定,其测试相对标准偏差<5%;选用低吸附的聚四氟乙烯器皿和优级纯以上级别试剂可将仪器的检出限降低为1 ng·L-1(n=10),使Hg的灵敏度得到进一步提升。     

CID-ICP-AES测定碱土金属的分析性能

电荷注入检测器 (CID)配合中阶梯光栅分光系统组成的光谱仪有一些新的特性 ,研究了用CID ICP光谱仪测定碱土金属的分析性能。实验表明 ,碱土 (Be,Mg ,Ca ,Sr,Ba)元素有良好的检出限 :Be ,Sr,Ba 0 0 0 0 2mg·L- 1 ,Mg 0 0 0 0 1mg·L- 1 ,Ca 0 0 0 0 0 3mg·L- 1 ,线性动态范围 10 4 ～ 10 5,自吸收系数均 <1,Ca,Mg的自吸收系数低至 0 7～ 0 8。研究了光度精度与浓度和谱线强度的关系 ,试液浓度在 1mg·L- 1 以上时 ,测定有良好的精密度。     

溴酚蓝测定血清白蛋白质的研究

用酸性染料为探针对蛋白质的定量已应用于临床医学及生命科学的研究中,本文利用分光光度法研究溴酚蓝(BPB)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、人血清白蛋白(HSA)的反应。在pH=2.79的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中,血清白蛋白与溴酚蓝通过分子间力形成蓝色复合物使吸光度增加。λ=605 nm时,εBSA=5.20×10~5L·(mol·cm)-1,εHSA=5.12×10~5L·(mol·cm)-1;BSA在0-78.0 mg·L-1,HSA在0-81.6 mg·L-1范围内服从比尔定律。检出限分别为BSA:2.93 mg·L-1,HSA:3.12 mg·L-1。对7个人血清蛋白总量平行6次测定,相对标准偏差1.2％-3.1％,回收率91.9％-105.6％。     

阿莫西林的荷移光谱测定方法研究

在丙酮介质中阿莫西林与 7,7,8,8-四氰基对二次甲基苯醌 (TCNQ)荷移反应 ,形成 1∶ 1络合物 ,在74 4nm和 84 5 nm处有较强光吸收 ,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为 1.2× 10 4L· mol-1· cm-1和 1.8× 10 4L·mol-1· cm-1,阿莫西林的浓度在 10— 15 0 mg· L-1范围内符合比耳定律。在乙醇介质中 ,阿莫西林与对苯醌 (p- BQ)反应 ,形成 1∶ 1络合物 ,最大吸收波长为 4 80 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1.92× 10 3 L· mol-1·cm-1。阿莫西林的浓度在 2 0— 2 0 0 mg·L-1范围内符合比耳定律。两种方法相对标准偏差分别为 1.2 %和1.5 % (n=8) ,用于测定阿莫西林制剂的含量 ,结果与标准方法一致。     

流动注射-化学发光法定量测定同一水域中的腐殖酸

采用流动注射-化学发光(FI-CL)这一灵敏的检测方法,通过条件实验与参数优化,优选了测定环境中痕量多羟基酚类化合物的发光体系,通过考察天然水体中的腐殖酸对化学发光-多羟基酚测定体系的影响,为来自于水及土壤中的实际样品中腐殖酸的检测提供了参考,建立了同一区域水体中腐殖酸的化学发光定量测定方法。 所得线性回归方程y=70.36x+540.1,相关系数r=0.995 4,线性范围为3～15 mg·L-1,检测限为0.749 mg·L-1,HA浓度为6 mg·L-1时的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.08%。     

流动注射化学发光法测定利巴韦林

在碱性介质中 ,N -溴代丁二酰亚胺 (NBS)氧化鲁米诺产生化学发光 ,利巴韦林对该化学发光体系具有显著的抑制作用 ,据此建立了流动注射化学发光测定利巴韦林的新方法。利巴韦林浓度在 7.4× 1 0 -3 —7.4× 1 0 -2 mg· m L-1 范围内 ,相对化学发光强度Δ I与浓度的对数呈良好的线性关系 ,方法的检出限 (3σ)为 1 .5 0× 1 0 -3 mg· m L-1 ,相对标准偏差 (C=7.4× 1 0 -3 mg· m L-1 ,n=1 1 )为 4 .5 %,该方法已用于注射液中利巴韦林含量的测定 ,结果令人满意。     

CdS/TiO2/漂珠复合光催化剂制备及其降解高效氯氰菊酯研究

采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了Cds/TiO2/漂珠复合光催化剂,通过SEM,XRD对其结构进行了表征.以高效氯氰菊酯(BEC)杀虫剂的光催化降解为模型反应,研究了CdS/TiO2/漂珠的光催化性能,探讨了影响催化剂活性的因素及采用太阳光作光源处理BEC的可行性.结果表明,CdS/TiO2/漂珠投加量为3 000mg·L-1,初始浓度为45 mg·L-1、初始pH为6.5,通气量为200 mL·min-1时间为60 min,BEC降解率分别为92.1%(125W高压汞灯)和79.3%(5 W紫外灯),采用太阳光照射300 min,BEC降解率可达93.4%.BEC的降解反应遵从L-H动力学模型,测得反应速率常数9.80 mg·(L·min)-1,吸附常数4.36×10-3 L·mg-1.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.