SrB_6的固相合成及其形成机理

稀土、碱土金属硼化物属难熔类金属无氧型化合物具有高熔点、高强度和化学稳定性高的特点其中许多还具有特殊的功能性如低的电子功函数、比电阻恒定、在一定温度范围内热膨胀值为零、不同类型的磁序以及高的中子吸收系数等１～４。这些优越性能决定其在现代技术各种器件组元中有广泛的应用前景。许多国家相继开展了该类材料的研究其中ＳｒＢ６及其复合材料用作高温绝缘体、核反应堆的控制棒等已引起多方重视此外文献５用扫描隧道电子显微镜分析了ＳｒＢ６的结构与性能在研究铝合金的变质过程中发现ＳｒＢ６能显著缩短有效变质时间６。但迄今…     

含镧的Bi2Te3基化合物的溶剂热合成及微观结构

以BiCl3,LaCl3和Te粉为原料,用溶剂热合成法制备了含稀土元素的单相LaxBi4Te6(x≤1)热电材料纳米粉末.研究发现,三元化合物LaxBi4Te6具有与二元Bi2Te3化合物相同的晶体结构和相似的晶格常数。LaxBi4Te6中的La含量随合成温度升高而增加,但与反应时间没有显著关系。LaxBi4Te6合成粉末的颗粒尺寸在30nm左右,并且几乎与反应温度和反应时间没有关系。在120℃合成的粉末基本上为不规则多面体形状,在150℃及以上温度合成的粉末则趋向于薄片状．并存在一些直径在50～80nm之间的纳米管。     

熔盐电解制备CaB6晶体粉末及电极过程分析

研究采用CaCl2-NaCl混合熔盐电解制备CaB6晶体粉末的合成工艺,确定了电解反应的温度、电解电压、电解时间,对电流效率做了初步估算．同时,对电解生成的终产物的相组成、晶粒尺寸与形貌进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜及能谱分析．实验结果表明,混合熔盐体系制备CaB6粉末的基本工艺条件是：氩气保护,电解槽电压2．8V,温度800℃下电解18h,所合成的CaB6粉末粒径范围为1～10μm,晶粒为规则的长方体．采用循环伏安法对电解阴极过程进行了定性分析．     

偏硼酸锶系列发光材料的制备及其发光性能研究

利用液相共沉淀法制备了SrB2O4 4H2O和SrB2O4 4H2O∶Eu3+,利用高温焙烧前驱体法制备了SrB2O4和SrB2O4∶Eu3+发光材料,通过X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、X射线能谱分析(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对产物进行了表征.通过荧光光谱研究了其发光性质,并考察了反应时间及Eu3+掺杂浓度对发光强度的影响.结果表明,基质SrB2O4 4H2O和SrB2O4在紫外区具有较强的发光性能,SrB2O4 4H2O∶Eu3+和SrB2O4∶Eu3+均在613 nm有最强发射峰.通过调整反应时间和提高掺杂量,可以克服结构水的猝灭作用的影响,大大提高SrB2O4 4H2O∶Eu3+发光性能,且具有更高的红橙比,是一种良好的新型发光基质.     

β-Sialon及其复合材料热力学与合成

本文对β-Sialon及其复合材料合成进行了热力学分析,采用金属还原氮化法一步制备合成了不同温度、不同Z值的β-Sialon以及β-Sialon-SiC与β-Sislon-Al2O3复合材料,XRD和SEM分析表明,以Si、Al、Al2O3和Si、Al2O3粉末为原料,用Si3N4做埋粉,在高温、常压下都可以合成较纯的β-sialon.通过改变Z值和控制烧结温度等试验发现,当Z=0.6、温度T=1450口时合成的β-sialon杂质相最少.在一定温度下,控制适宜的工艺条件,随着Z值增加,β-sialon结构由晶粒间析出部分晶须转变为明显棒状交织结构,从而可望大幅度提高其强度.     

SrB_6O_(10)∶Tb的热释光性质研究

通过高温固相法合成了SrB6O10∶Tb热释光磷光体,并系统地研究了Ce3+,Li+共掺杂,Tb3+掺杂浓度以及60Coγ射线辐照剂量对其热释发光的影响,同时观察了其热释光发射。研究发现:Ce3+,Li+共掺杂对SrB6O10∶Tb磷光体的热释光灵敏度并没有提高。Tb3+掺杂浓度对SrB6O10热释光磷光体的灵敏度有一定影响:在从1%~10%(摩尔分数)的Tb3+掺杂浓度范围内,2%为最佳掺杂浓度。在此掺杂浓度条件下,用Chen的峰形法评估了此磷光体的动力学参数,发现其遵守二级动力学;增加辐照剂量,热释光发射也随之增强,并在所研究的剂量范围内呈线性变化;在其三维热释光发射谱中,观察到了Tb3+离子的特征发射。     

湿化学法制备超细粉末过程中的团聚机理及消除方法

超细粉末由于具有独特的物理和化学特性,已经被广泛应用于各行各业之中。开发制备超细粉末的方法越来越多,其中湿化学法制备超细粉末具有显著的优点：原料成本低,设备、工艺简单,生产的粉末纯度高、粒度小,粉度分布范围窄,粒度组成可控性好。但是湿化学法制备粉末过...     

锆酸镧的固相合成及其热障涂层的抗热震性能研究

用高温固相反应法合成了锆酸镧(La_2Zr_2O_7)陶瓷粉末,用大气等离子喷涂(APS)法制备了热障涂层。通过TG-DSC,XRD,Raman,FTIR和SEM等表征手段对合成的粉末进行结构和形貌分析,研究了煅烧温度和时间对La_2Zr_2O_7形成过程的影响以及固相合成粉末对涂层抗热震性能的影响。结果表明:高温固相反应法合成的La_2Zr_2O_7具有单一的烧绿石结构,相结构非常稳定,随着煅烧温度的升高,La_2Zr_2O_7相的含量和晶粒度均增加;在煅烧温度1400℃分别保温不同时间,La_2Zr_2O_7相的含量变化不明显,晶粒度随保温时间的延长而缓慢增加,二次煅烧粉末的相含量和晶粒度都大幅提高。La_2Zr_2O_7粉末所对应涂层的抗热震性能随粉末煅烧温度的升高而降低。     

SrB6O10:Tb的热释光性质研究

通过高温固相法合成了SrB6O10：Tb热释光磷光体, 并系统地研究了Ce3＋, Li＋共掺杂, Tb3＋掺杂浓度以及60Co γ射线辐照剂量对其热释发光的影响, 同时观察了其热释光发射. 研究发现： Ce3＋, Li＋共掺杂对SrB6O10：Tb磷光体的热释光灵敏度并没有提高. Tb^3＋掺杂浓度对SrB6O10热释光磷光体的灵敏度有一定影响： 在从1%～10%（摩尔分数）的Tb3＋掺杂浓度范围内, 2%为最佳掺杂浓度. 在此掺杂浓度条件下, 用Chen的峰形法评估了此磷光体的动力学参数, 发现其遵守二级动力学;增加辐照剂量, 热释光发射也随之增强, 并在所研究的剂量范围内呈线性变化;在其三维热释光发射谱中, 观察到了Tb^3＋离子的特征发射.     

水相中磺化杯[6]芳烃催化醇的胺基化反应研究

研究了水相中磺化杯[6]芳烃在酸性条件下催化合成含C—N键类化合物的反应,高效的合成了一系列产物,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR表征.并探究了时间、温度对反应的影响和催化剂的循环使用情况.研究表明水溶性的磺化杯[6]芳烃具有很好的相转移催化性能和多次重复使用性.     

Li_(1.3)Ti_(1.7)Al_(0.3)(PO_4)_3,Na_(1.3)Ti_(1.7)Al_(0.3)(PO_4)_3的离子交换研究

研究了在不同温度下的NaNO3和AgNO3水溶液中Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3和Na1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3离子交换行为.实验表明Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3和Na1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3均显示出了高选择性与Na+和Ag+进行离子交换的特征,且对Ag+的选择性高于Na+.升高温度可显著提高Ag/Li和Ag/Na的交换反应速度.     

Crystal growth, structure determination, and optical properties of new potassium-rare-earth silicates K3RESi2O7 (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)

Single crystals of K₃RESi₂O₇ (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) were grown from a potassium fluoride flux. Two different structure types were found for this series. Silicates containing the larger rare earths, RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb crystallize in a structure K₃RESi₂O₇ that contains the rare-earth cation in both a slightly distorted octahedral and an ideal trigonal prismatic coordination environment, while in K₃LuSi₂O₇, containing the smallest of the rare earths, lutetium is found solely in an octahedral coordination environment. The structure of K₃LuSi₂O₇ crystallizes in space group P6₃/mmc with a=5.71160(10) Å and c=13.8883(6) Å. The structures containing the remaining rare earths crystallize in the space group P6₃/mcm with the lattice parameters of a=9.9359(2) Å, c=14.4295(4) Å, (K₃GdSi₂O₇); a=9.88730(10) Å, c=14.3856(3) Å, (K₃TbSi₂O₇); a=9.8673(2) Å, c=14.3572(4) Å, (K₃DySi₂O₇); a=9.8408(3) Å, c=14.3206(6) Å, (K₃HoSi₂O₇); a=9.82120(10) Å, c=14.2986(2) Å, (K₃ErSi₂O₇); a=9.80200(10) Å, c=14.2863(4) Å, (K₃TmSi₂O₇); a=9.78190(10) Å, c=14.2401(3) Å, (K₃YbSi₂O₇). The optical properties of the silicates were investigated and K₃TbSi₂O₇ was found to fluoresce in the visible.     

Near infrared study of aqueous rare-earth ethylsulfates

The near infrared spectra of aqueous solutions of the ethylsulfates of La, Nd, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb, Lu, Y, and Na have been determined from about 0.2 mol-dm^–3 to nearly saturation. The extinction coefficients of water have been calculated taking into account the absorption of ethylslfate anions determined in separate experiments. Their values appeared to be nearly the same as that of pure water. The relative contents of free OH groups in 0.5 and 0.7M solutions have been estimated from the absorbances at 1160 nm. They were lower in solutions of the heavy rare-earth ethylsulfates (Tb, Er, Yb, Lu) than in equimolar solutions of the lighter ones (La, Nd), confirming our previous view that secondary hydration of the heavy trivalent rare-earth cations is distinctly stronger than that of the lighter ones. A comparison of the spectra of these aqueous ethylsulfates with those of perchlorates shows that the structure-breaking ability of the C₂H₅SO ₄ ^– ion is much smaller than that of perchlorate anion.     

Structural studies of five layer Aurivillius oxides: A2Bi4Ti5O18 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb)

The room temperature structures of the five layer Aurivillius phases A₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈ (A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb) have been refined from powder neutron diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The structures consist of [Bi₂O₂]²⁺ layers interleaved with perovskite-like [A₂Bi₂Ti₅O₁₆]²⁻ blocks. The structures were refined in the orthorhombic space group B2eb (SG. No. 41), Z=4, and the unit cell parameters of the oxides are a=5.4251(2), b=5.4034(1), c=48.486(1); a=5.4650(2), b=5.4625(3), c=48.852(1); a=5.4988(3), b=5.4980(4), c=50.352(1); a=5.4701(2), b=5.4577(2), c=49.643(1) for A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb, respectively. The structural features of the compounds were found similar to n=2-4 layers bismuth oxides. The strain caused by mismatch of cell parameter requirements for the [Bi₂O₂]²⁺ layers and perovskite-like [A₂Bi₂Ti₅O₁₆]²⁻ blocks were relieved by tilting of the TiO₆ octahedra. Variable temperature synchrotron X-ray studies for Ca and Pb compounds showed that the orthorhombic structure persisted up to 675 and 475 K, respectively. Raman spectra of the compounds are also presented.     

电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)测定银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量

针对银精矿样品复杂,难消解的特点,研究了不同酸溶法和碱熔法对样品的消解情况,建立了硝酸,盐酸,氢氟酸,高氯酸消解银精矿的方法。根据元素灵敏度和抗干扰性,选定各元素的测定波长。通过酸溶样和碱熔样测定结果比对,验证了方法准确性。建立了四酸消解-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量的方法,元素的线性相关系数均在0.9999以上。通过共存元素干扰实验,确定了银精矿中高含量元素(铜、铅、锌、铁、锑、铋等)对测定元素结果没有影响。方法检出限：Cu 0.0063 mg/L, Pb 0.0159 mg/L ,Zn 0.0090 mg/L,As 0.0192 mg/L, Cd 0.0093 mg/L ,Ca 0.0084 mg/L, Mg 0.0075 mg/L, Mn 0.0081 mg/L。测定下限：Cu 0.0105mg/L,Pb 0.0265 mg/L, Zn 0.0150 mg/L, As 0.0320 mg/L, Cd 0.0155 mg/L, Ca 0.0140 mg/L, Mg 0.0125 mg/L,Mn 0.0135 mg/L。3个样品的相对标准偏差在0.87%~3.56%之间,加标回收率在95.00%~103.56%之间。方法流程短,操作简单,快速,灵敏度和再现性高,结果准确可靠,可以满足银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量的测定。     

The crystal chemistry of Bi6TP2O15+x, T=Fe, Ni, Zn: Isomorphism and polymorphism, structural relationship to Bi6TiP2O16

The crystal structures of compounds with nominal compositions Bi₆FeP₂O_15+x (I), Bi₆NiP₂O_15+x (II) and Bi₆ZnP₂O_15+x (III) were determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. They are monoclinic, space group I2, Z=2. The lattice parameters for (I) are a=11.2644(7), b=5.4380(3), c=11.1440(5) Å, β=96.154(4)°; for (II) a=11.259(7), b=5.461(4), c=11.109(7) Å, β=96.65(1)°; for (III) a=19.7271(5), b=5.4376(2), c=16.9730(6) Å, β=131.932(1)°. Least squares refinements on F² converged for (I) to R1=0.0554, wR₂=0.1408; for (II) R₁=0.0647, wR₂=0.1697; for (III) R₁=0.0385, wR₂=0.1023. The crystals are complexly twinned by 2-fold rotation about , by inversion and by mirror reflection. The structures consist of edge-sharing articulations of OBi₄ tetrahedra forming layers in the a-c plane that then continue by edge-sharing parallel to the b-axis. The three-dimensional networks are bridged by Fe and Ni octahedra in (I) and (II) and by Zn trigonal bipyramids in (III) as well as by oxygen atoms of the PO₄ moieties. Bi also randomly occupies the octahedral sites. Oxygen vacancies exist in the structures of the three compounds due to required charge balances and they occur in the octahedral coordination polyhedron of the transition metal. In compound (III), no positional disorder in atomic sites is present. The Bi-O coordination polyhedra are trigonal prisms with one, two or three faces capped. Magnetic susceptibility data for compound (I) were obtained between 4.2 and 350 K. Between 4.2 and 250 K it is paramagnetic, μ_eff=6.1 μ_B; a magnetic transition occurs above 250 K.     

Preparation of ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2 and Its Application in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3

TiO₂,ZrO₂-TiO₂,andZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area measurements (BET), temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD), oxygen storage capacity (OSC), and temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). The results showed that ZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ exhibited large number of surface strong acid, possessed some oxygen storage capacity, and strong redox property. The three materials were used as supports and the monolith catalysts were prepared with 1% (w) V₂O₅ and 9% (w)WO₃ for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia in the presence of excessive O₂, and the results of catalytic activity showed that the catalyst used ZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ as support yielded nearly 100% NO conversion at 275 °C at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 10000 h⁻¹, and it had the best catalytic activity and showed great potential for practical application.     

B2O3-Bi2O3-ZnO-Al2O3玻璃助烧剂对BaTiO3陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响

通过调节B₂O₃-Bi₂O₃-ZnO-Al₂O₃(BBZA)玻璃的添加量研究其对钛酸钡(BaTiO₃)陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明：添加适量的BBZA玻璃能够有效地将BaTiO₃陶瓷烧结温度由1 350℃降至950℃,并使其致密化。同时,添加BBZA玻璃后,BaTiO₃的晶体结构随着烧结温度的升高而发生转变(立方相→四方相)。另外,BBZA玻璃的引入使BaTiO₃陶瓷的居里峰得到了有效的抑制和拓宽。陶瓷微观形貌显示,玻璃相均匀分布在BaTiO₃晶粒表面。优化的BaTiO₃陶瓷制备条件如下：BBZA添加量(质量分数)为2.0%,烧结温度为950℃。在该条件下制备的BaTiO₃陶瓷介电常数达到1 364,介电损耗低至1.2%。     

The Phase Relations in the System In2O3–TiO2–MgO at 1100 and 1350°C

The phase relations in the system In₂O₃–TiO₂–MgO at 1100 and 1350°C are determined by a classical quenching method. In this system, there are four pseudobinary compounds, In₂TiO₅, MgTi₂O₅ (pseudobrookite type), MgTiO₃ (ilmenite type), and Mg₂TiO₄ (spinel type) at 1100°C. At 1350°C, in addition to these compounds there exist a spinel-type solid solution Mg_2−xIn_2xTi_1−xO₄ (0≤x≤1) and a compound In₆Ti₆MgO₂₂ with lattice constants a=5.9236(7) Å, b=3.3862(4) Å, c=6.3609(7) Å, β=108.15(1)°, and q=0.369, which is isostructural with the monoclinic In₃Ti₂FeO₁₀ in the system In₂O₃–TiO₂–MgO. The relation between the lattice constants of the spinel phase and the composition nearly satisfies Vegard's law. In₆Ti₆MgO₂₂ extends a solid solution range to In₂₀Ti₁₇Mg₃O₆₇ with lattice constants of a=5.9230(5) Å, b=3.3823(3) Å, c=6.3698(6) Å, β=108.10(5)°, and q=0.360. The distributions of constituent cations in the solid solutions are discussed in terms of their ionic radius and site preference effect.     

Microstructures of Some Bi-W-Nb-O Phases

Microstructures of three Bi-W-Nb-O phases have been examined by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Bi₁₇W₂Nb₃O₃₉ and Bi₁₇WNb₃O₃₆ have incommensurate superstructures derived from the defect fluorite-type δ-Bi₂O₃ and can be regarded as intermediate phases between the type II solid solutions in the Bi-Nb-O and Bi-W-O systems. Bi₈W₂Nb₂O₂₃ has a Bi₂WO₆-like subunit cell with a stepped superstructure. Formation mechanisms of various superstructures are discussed.