Three-dimensional polarimetric integral imaging

A three-dimensional (3D) polarimetric image sensing and display technique based on integral imaging is proposed. Three-dimensional polarization distribution of reflected light from a 3D object can be measured as elemental image arrays by a rotating linear polarizer. After the measurement of the polarization of the 3D object, the 3D polarimetric object can be reconstructed optically by displaying the polarization-selected elemental images in spatial light modulators with two quarter-wave plates. Experimental demonstration of 3D polarimetric imaging of a 3D object attached to two orthogonal linear polarizers is presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on 3D polarimetric sensing imaging and 3D optical reconstruction by integral imaging.     

基于压缩感知的差分关联成像方案研究

关联成像可提供一种运用常规手段难以获得清晰图像的方法, 能够解决一些常规成像技术不易解决的问题, 是近些年来量子光学领域的前沿和热点之一.本文提出一种基于压缩感知的差分关联成像方案(简称, 差分压缩关联成像方案), 将高斯分布的热光源强度分布作为压缩感知的测量矩阵, 差分物体信息作为被成像物体信息, 利用差分关联成像方案的高成像信噪比和压缩感知技术的低采样次数, 通过正交匹配追踪算法, 高质量地恢复出物体信息. 并以二灰度“双缝”、“NUPT”, 多灰度Lena图和Boats图为例, 数值仿真差分压缩关联成像过程; 同时将本方案350次测量的结果与差分关联成像方案30000次测量的结果进行对比, 研究结果表明针对不同的被成像物体(二灰度“双缝”、“NUPT”, 以及多灰度Lena图和Boats图), 10次成像的均方误差平均值分别降低了97.7%, 93.9%, 92.5%和71.4%; 与压缩鬼成像方案相比, 同样测量次数条件下均方误差值对于二灰度双缝和多灰度Lena图、Boats图等目标物 体分别有50.4%, 72.9%和66.8%的降低. 差分压缩关联成像方案极大地提高了成像信噪比, 降低了成像时间. 关键词： 关联成像 差分 压缩感知 均方误差     

基于谱间和帧内差分脉冲编码调制的超光谱图像无损压缩

以超光谱遥感图像为研究对象,分析了干涉成像光谱仪获取图像的谱间和空间相关性,提出一种三维差分脉冲编码调制（ DPCM）无损压缩方案。首先进行了谱间DPCM预测;然后,对残差图像进行帧内DPCM预测;最后,对差分码流进行二值自适应算术编码。实验表明,该算法可实现无损压缩,压缩比平均可达1.662,较二维整数小波变换算法提高了15.6％,且算法复杂度较低,仅有加减和移位运算,易于硬件实现。     

三维面形测量数据的计算全息可视化

提出利用计算机制全息进行三维面形测量数据立体重现的技术。首先利用三维面形测量技术同时获取三维物体的强度和距离像；然后根据三维面形测量数据，设计和制作菲涅耳计算全息图；最后将计算全息和光学全息相结合，以菲涅耳计算全息图的光学再现像为对象，记录光学像全息。这样既解决了计算机制全息术中真实三维物体立体信息数据捕捉的问题，又为三维面形检测提供了一个行之有效的立体重构技术。给出了这种方法的原理、计算全息的设计、制作方案和实验验证结果。     

A novel three-dimensional digital watermarking scheme basing on integral imaging

A novel integral imaging-based three-dimensional (3D) digital watermarking scheme is presented. In the proposed method, an elemental image array (EIA) obtained by recording the rays coming from a 3D object through a pinhole array in the integral imaging system is employed as a new 3D watermark. The EIA is composed of a number of small elemental images having their own perspectives of a 3D object, and from this recorded EIA various depth-dependent 3D object images can be reconstructed by using the computational integral imaging reconstruction (CIIR) technique. This 3D property of the EIA watermark can make a robust reconstruction of the watermark image available even though there are some data losses in the embedded watermark by attacks. To show the robustness of the proposed scheme against attacks, some experiments are carried out and the results are discussed.     

Three-dimensional imaging and visualization of partially occluded objects using axially distributed stereo image sensing

In this Letter, we propose a multiperspective three-dimensional (3D) imaging system using axially distributed stereo image sensing. In this proposed method, the stereo camera is translated along its optical axis and multiple axial elemental image pairs for a 3D scene are collected. The captured elemental images are reconstructed in 3D using a computational reconstruction algorithm based on ray back-projection. The proposed method is applied to partially occluded object visualization. Optical experiments are performed to verify the approach.     

Three-dimensional vision with dual acousto-optic deflection encoding

We report a new method of sensing a three-dimensional (3D) object surface with an arbitrary geometric shape. In this approach, the first-order beams diffracted from two acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) interfere with each other to form a spatial carrier that is used to encode the depth information from the 3D object surface. A direct digital synthesizer is utilized to control two AODs to generate sequentially spatial carriers with different spatial frequencies so that a modified temporal phase-unwrapping technique can be applied for decoding the shape information of the test surface. Preliminary experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.     

Correspondence normalized ghost imaging on compressive sensing

Ghost imaging(GI) offers great potential with respect to conventional imaging techniques. It is an open problem in GI systems that a long acquisition time is be required for reconstructing images with good visibility and signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs). In this paper, we propose a new scheme to get good performance with a shorter construction time. We call it correspondence normalized ghost imaging based on compressive sensing(CCNGI). In the scheme, we enhance the signal-to-noise performance by normalizing the reference beam intensity to eliminate the noise caused by laser power fluctuations, and reduce the reconstruction time by using both compressive sensing(CS) and time-correspondence imaging(CI) techniques. It is shown that the qualities of the images have been improved and the reconstruction time has been reduced using CCNGI scheme. For the two-grayscale "double-slit" image, the mean square error(MSE) by GI and the normalized GI(NGI) schemes with the measurement number of 5000 are 0.237 and 0.164, respectively, and that is 0.021by CCNGI scheme with 2500 measurements. For the eight-grayscale "lena" object, the peak signal-to-noise rates(PSNRs)are 10.506 and 13.098, respectively using GI and NGI schemes while the value turns to 16.198 using CCNGI scheme. The results also show that a high-fidelity GI reconstruction has been achieved using only 44% of the number of measurements corresponding to the Nyquist limit for the two-grayscale "double-slit" object. The qualities of the reconstructed images using CCNGI are almost the same as those from GI via sparsity constraints(GISC) with a shorter reconstruction time.     

Fresnel hologram reconstruction of complex three-dimensional object based on compressive sensing

Reconstruction the computer generated Fresnel hologram of complex 3D object based on compressive sensing （CS） is presented. The hologram is synthesized from a color image and the depth map of the 3D object. With the depth map, the intensity of the color image can be divided into multiple slices, which satisfy the condition of the sparsity of CS. Thus, the hologram can be reconstructed at different distances with corresponding scene focused using the CS method. The quality of the recovered images can be greatly improved compared with that from the back-propagation method. What＇s more, with the sub-sampled hologram, the image can be ideally reconstructed by the CS method, which can reduce the data-rate for transmission or storage.     

一种分析薄膜振动模式的结构光条纹时间平均法

提出了一种用于振动物体表面快速测量的光学测试系统和方法。该系统采用结构光三维传感技术,利用时间平均法来实现对振动表面的测量和振动模式分析。用低帧频商用CCD相机记录由光栅投影到振动物体表面上形成的一系列变形正弦条纹,对获取的一帧变形条纹经过二维傅里叶变换、频谱滤波、逆傅里叶变换等处理得到调制物体振幅的零级贝塞尔函数分布。给出了该方法的理论分析,推导了相应的计算公式。计算机模拟和实验验证了该方法的可行性。实验证明,该方法具有数据获取速度快,全场非接触测量以及实验装置简单等优点。     

Compressed ghost edge imaging

In this Letter, we propose an advanced framework of ghost edge imaging, named compressed ghost edge imaging(CGEI). In the scheme, a set of structured speckle patterns with pixel shifting illuminate on an unknown object.The output is collected by a bucket detector without any spatial resolution. By using a compressed sensing algorithm, we obtain horizontal and vertical edge information of the unknown object with the bucket detector detection results and the known structured speckle patterns. The edge is finally constructed via twodimensional edge information. The experimental and numerical simulations results show that the proposed scheme has a higher quality and reduces the number of measurements, in comparison with the existing edge detection schemes based on ghost imaging.     

Optical 3D watermark based digital image watermarking for telemedicine

Region of interest (ROI) of a medical image is an area including important diagnostic information and must be stored without any distortion. This algorithm for application of watermarking technique for non-ROI of the medical image preserving ROI. The paper presents a 3D watermark based medical image watermarking scheme. In this paper, a 3D watermark object is first decomposed into 2D elemental image array (EIA) by a lenslet array, and then the 2D elemental image array data is embedded into the host image. The watermark extraction process is an inverse process of embedding. The extracted EIA through the computational integral imaging reconstruction (CIIR) technique, the 3D watermark can be reconstructed. Because the EIA is composed of a number of elemental images possesses their own perspectives of a 3D watermark object. Even though the embedded watermark data badly damaged, the 3D virtual watermark can be successfully reconstructed. Furthermore, using CAT with various rule number parameters, it is possible to get many channels for embedding. So our method can recover the weak point having only one transform plane in traditional watermarking methods. The effectiveness of the proposed watermarking scheme is demonstrated with the aid of experimental results.     

Multidimensional imaging using compressive Fresnel holography

We propose a generalized framework for single-shot acquisition of multidimensional objects using compressive Fresnel holography. A multidimensional object with spatial, spectral, and polarimetric information is propagated with the Fresnel diffraction, and the propagated signal of each channel is observed by an image sensor with randomly arranged optical elements for filtering. The object data are reconstructed using a compressive sensing algorithm. This scheme is verified with numerical experiments. The proposed framework can be applied to imageries for spectrum, polarization, and so on.     

Acceleration of multi-dimensional propagator measurements with compressed sensing

NMR can probe the microstructures of anisotropic materials such as liquid crystals, stretched polymers and biological tissues through measurement of the diffusion propagator, where internal structures are indicated by restricted diffusion. Multi-dimensional measurements can probe the microscopic anisotropy, but full sampling can then quickly become prohibitively time consuming. However, for incompletely sampled data, compressed sensing is an effective reconstruction technique to enable accelerated acquisition. We demonstrate that with a compressed sensing scheme, one can greatly reduce the sampling and the experimental time with minimal effect on the reconstruction of the diffusion propagator with an example of anisotropic diffusion. We compare full sampling down to 64× sub-sampling for the 2D propagator measurement and reduce the acquisition time for the 3D experiment by a factor of 32 from ～80 days to ～2.5 days.     

Compressed ghost imaging based on differential speckle patterns

We propose a compressed ghost imaging scheme based on differential speckle patterns,named CGI-DSP.In the scheme,a series of bucket detector signals are acquired when a series of random speckle patterns are employed to illuminate an unknown object.Then the differential speckle patterns(differential bucket detector signals) are obtained by taking the difference between present random speckle patterns(present bucket detector signals) and previous random speckle patterns(previous bucket detector signals).Finally,the image of object can be obtained directly by performing the compressed sensing algorithm on the differential speckle patterns and differential bucket detector signals.The experimental and simulated results reveal that CGI-DSP can improve the imaging quality and reduce the number of measurements comparing with the traditional compressed ghost imaging schemes because our scheme can remove the environmental illuminations efficiently.     

Three-dimensional key in a modified joint transform correlator encryption scheme

We propose a modified encryption joint transform correlator scheme that introduces an additional random phase mask. The positions of both the conventional and the new mask are crucial for successful recovery of the original data. Although the two random phase masks are 2D, variation of their relative distance constitutes an additional dimension. Consequently by including this notion, both random phase masks act as a 3-dimensional (3D) key code increasing thereby the security with respect to the conventional JTC encryption scheme. We employ this scheme to multiplex encrypted data, displacing the encoding masks. During decryption of the multiplexed information, we only reconstruct the object that matches the correct predetermined 3D key code, i.e. that matches the random masks positions in the encryption step. We present actual experimental results, by using BSO crystal as recording medium, as well as their respective analysis.     

二维材料在生物传感器中的应用

自石墨烯发现以来,大量二维层状材料被相继发现.二维材料中载流子被限制在界面1 nm空间内,使其对化学掺杂非常敏感,有望引起生物传感领域的技术变革.生物传感过程无论基于何种传感机制,都包含了检测物识别和信号转化过程.检测物识别通常依靠传感界面的生物探针来完成,信号转换依靠二维材料来实现信号输出.在传感界面处对生物探针和二维材料进行原子级精准构筑,则可精确调控传感过程中的物理化学过程,优化器件的各项指标.本文综述了二维生物传感界面构筑领域的研究进展,重点介绍了目前几种常见的二维生物传感器的传感机制和不同类型的生物探针精准构筑方法,探讨了未来生物传感界面研究的发展方向.     

Ghost Imaging with High Visibility Using Classical Light Source

We experimentally demonstrate a novel ghost imaging experiment utilizing a classical light source,capable of resolving objects with a high visibility.The experimental results show that our scheme can indeed realize ghost imaging with high visibility for a relatively complicated object composed of three near-ellipse-shaped holes with different dimensions.In our experiment,the largest hole is ~36 times of the smallest one in area.Each of the three holes exhibits high-visibility in excess of 80%.The high visibility and high spatial-resolution advantages of this technique could have applications in remote sensing.     

Iterative filtered ghost imaging

It is generally believed that, in ghost imaging, there has to be a compromise between resolution and visibility. Here we propose and demonstrate an iterative filtered ghost imaging scheme whereby a super-resolution image of a grayscale object is achieved, while at the same time the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and visibility are greatly improved, without adding complexity. The dependence of the SNR, visibility, and resolution on the number of iterations is also investigated and discussed. Moreover, with the use of compressed sensing the sampling number can be reduced to less than 1% of the Nyquist limit, while maintaining image quality with a resolution that can exceed the Rayleigh diffraction bound by more than a factor of 10.