自制实验装置，探究加速度与力、质量的关系

现行人教版高中一年级物理"牛顿第二定律"一节中,探究加速度和力的关系以及加速度与质量的关系是本节的难点,而实验正是揭示加速度与两者关系的重要手段,是学生理解牛顿第二定律的关键.现行课本实验设计如图1所示.     

从物理学史的角度谈与牛顿第二定律有关的几个问题

新课程要求认识物理实验在物理学中的地位和作用，强调学生通过探究过程来获取知识，而不是学生顺着教师预定的途径去思考问题或直接把学生径直引向答案．现行高中新课程物理教材大都设计了探究力、质量、加速度之间的关系的内容，主张让学生在相关实验的基础上，得到牛顿第二定律的表达式．本文中，笔者将尝试对与牛顿第二定律有关的学史内容和教学方法进行梳理，并对现有的“探究教学”提一些粗浅的想法．     

巧用动滑轮探究加速度与力、质量的关系

1 问题的提出 在探究加速度与力、质量关系时,实验对象是小车(包括车中的砝码),实验中涉及到质量、力、加速度的定量测量.     

探究加速度与力 质量关系分组实验的改良

“ 探究加速度与力、 质量关系”是高中阶段最重要的力学实验, 以往学生采用分组实验耗时过长, 教学 中教师宁愿用动画、 视频代替实验, 谈“ 画”说理. 本文从该实验的操作、 数据处理等方面进行了研究, 探索了它的改 良方法     

新人教版高中物理实验探究类课程落实核心素养分析——以“实验：探究加速度与力、质量的关系”为例

高中新人教版教材是依据《普通高中物理课程标准(2017年版)》进行编写,目的是为了更好地落实物理学科核心素养教育,以“实验：探究加速度与力、质量的关系”这一节课为例,通过新旧教材的比较,分析新人教版高中物理实验探究类课程关于学生核心素养的培养.     

“探究加速度和力、质量关系”的实验改进:从粗略到精确

对"探究加速度和力、质量的关系"实验逐步改进,使得实验从粗略到精确,并取得了较好的教学效果.     

运用建构主义理论改进中学物理实验的方法研究

从建构主义理论的角度来分析和改进中学物理实验, 以促进学生对实验中物理知识及规律的掌握. 通 过“ 探究加速度与质量、 力的关系”和“ 探究功与速度变化关系”两个实验为例分析了其改进过程, 总结了建构主义 理论改进中学物理实验的基本方法     

“探究加速度与力、质量的关系实验”的难点及教学对策

高中物理中,实验是重要的教学环节,也是帮助学生形成物理概念、掌握物理规律的有效途径,但在实际教学过程中会出现学生在实验后依然存在认知困难的情况.以一个经典的实验——“探究加速度与力、质量的关系实验”为例,抽取一所本地重点高中进行问卷调查后,研究小组对“探究加速度与力、质量的关系”实验中学生长期存在的认知困难进行了深层次分析;同时基于学生认知水平,利用“气垫导轨+力传感器”改进装置,通过调整前概念、外显实验现象,有效突破了学生原有的认知难点,为该探究性实验教学提出了一种新的尝试.     

应用“探究加速度与力、质量的关系”装置验证机械能守恒定律的思考

文献[1]介绍了近几年高考中以"探究加速度与力、质量的关系"装置为基础的6个探究性实验.赏析了这些实验的探究思想,充分认识这个力学实验中探究性实验的代表.受到作者的启发,笔者结合实际教学谈谈在高三一轮的复习中利用这一装置验     

安培力大小定量研究装置

高中教材中关于安培力的大小仅限于定性探究, 安培力的大小公式F =B I L 往往直接而生硬地给学 生. 本实验在课本实验的基础上进行改进, 将安培力的定性探究转为定量探究, 使得实验从定性过渡到定量, 更符 合学生的认知的规律     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...