深部岩体损伤对分区破裂化效应的影响

深部岩体是一种具有初始损伤的非连续介质,其内部存在着大量节理和裂隙。深部岩体分区破裂化效应与节理、裂隙的扩展、连接和汇合密切相关。由于节理、裂隙的扩展、连接和汇合可能会导致深部岩体的内部空间由欧氏几何空间向非欧几何空间转化。本文利用损伤变量表示含节理和裂隙岩体的损伤,根据非欧几何模型,获得了静水压力和非静水压力情况下深部圆形洞室损伤围岩的应力场,确定了损伤变量对圆形洞室围岩的应力场和分区破裂化效应的影响。采用Hoek-Brown准则,获得了静水压力和非静水压力情况下损伤围岩的破裂区与非破裂区的分布规律。本文的研究结果为理解深部岩体分区破裂模式提供了有价值的参考。     

基于突变理论深埋硬岩隧道的失稳分析

在分析隧道开挖引起围岩扰动和损伤的基础上,运用突变理论探讨了深埋硬岩隧道失稳的机理;基于势能原理,建立了深埋硬岩隧道失稳的尖点突变模型,导出了失稳的力学判据条件。结果表明:深埋硬岩隧道的失稳不仅受岩体特性及所受载荷的影响,而且与围岩中弹性区刚度和塑性区刚度的比值有关;开挖过程中,围岩受扰动和损伤程度越大,岩体完整性系数越小,力学参数指标弱化程度越高,塑性区范围越大,刚度比越小,围岩系统发生失稳的可能性就越大。工程实例分析表明,分析结果与实际经验基本一致;研究成果可为预防隧道失稳、采取合理的施工工艺和支护措施提供参考依据。     

基于Hoek-Brown准则对围岩松动圈半径的推导及改进

针对服从Hoek-Brown准则的节理岩体圆形隧道,根据隧道开挖后的围岩分为破裂剧烈区、塑性软化区、弹性区的特点,推导了圆形隧道在轴对称时松动圈半径的表达式。Hoek-Brown准则中扰动参数D表征的是岩体受扰动的程度,而对其如何取值的相关研究较少。为提高所推导围岩松动圈半径表达式的精确性,采用可拓学理论,综合考虑爆破损伤、卸荷影响、岩体完整性指标Kv、围岩级别四个因素来判断岩体受扰动情况,在物元模型的理论基础上得到了扰动参数D的取值方法。最后运用新的岩体扰动参数D得出了围岩松动圈半径解析解,并在现场采用地质雷达对隧道的不同断面进行了实测,得到了不同隧道断面6组围岩松动圈的半径,将实测值与对应的计算值进行对比分析,二者相对误差约为4.5%,验证了本文理论解的正确性。     

某深埋隧道围岩破裂发展机理数值模拟

围绕某深埋隧道支护结构失效机理展开研究。调查了某深埋隧道围岩地质及支护结构失效特征,根据深埋隧道围岩的地质力学历史,提出岩石峰后力学特征描述的塑性应变指标。通过数值模拟获得在开挖扰动下该隧道围岩中应力大小的交替分布及围岩破裂的分层现象,分析了分层断裂中次生自由面、多重似开挖面形成的力学机制,揭示出武陵山脉隧道深埋段支护结构破坏的原因在于围岩的分层破裂。研究结果为深部隧道支护设计及稳定性分析提供了有效的思路与处理方法。     

深部岩体圆形巷道围岩松动圈形成机理数值试验研究

采用损伤力学和统计理论的单元本构模型,探讨深部岩体巷道围岩破坏规律, 利用岩石破裂过程分析软件RFPA$^{\rm 2D}$, 对深部 岩体中的圆形巷道的变形及非线性渐进破坏特征、巷道周边关键部位的位移和应力变化进行 了分析,研究了圆形巷道围岩松动圈的形成机理. 研究表明：巷道开挖后,其周边形成应力 集中带,随着围岩压力的持续作用,巷道周边产生塑性变形区,并沿径向形成裂纹;随着裂 纹的不断扩展,巷道周边出现松动破裂区,即松动圈. 产生破裂区后,应力集中程度减弱, 应力高峰点向远处转移.     

深埋隧洞岩爆时间滞后性机理研究

深埋隧洞内岩爆生成的时间滞后性与硬脆性围岩的蠕变力学特性密切相关,通过结合理论模型(包含深埋隧洞弹塑性模型及岩石脆性蠕变失效模型)与数值模拟对岩爆的时间滞后性机理及其规律进行了分析讨论.结果表明:深埋隧洞在开挖卸荷后围岩内部因微缺陷的萌生及演化引起损伤累积,在无及时支护条件下短时期内易引发时滞性岩爆;围岩在塑性区内更易...     

高地应力条件下隧洞开挖动态卸荷的破坏机理初探

分析了高地应力条件下静水压力场中圆形隧洞钻爆开挖时开挖边界上初始应力场动态卸荷效应及破坏机理，并计算了其破坏范围。初始应力动态卸荷时，动应力在隧洞径向表现为卸荷回弹，而在切向出现动应力集中，表现为加载。动态卸荷时间对径向应力的影响较对切向应力大，卸荷时间越短，扰动的幅度越大；初始应力动态卸荷在岩体中所造成的破坏范围较准静态卸荷情况大，卸荷时间越短，破坏范围越大。     

基于Hoek-Brown准则的破裂围岩应力分析

深部煤矿巷道在高围压的作用下,围岩普遍出现破裂,而且围岩破裂范围在扩大的同时,往往出现继续破坏的现象,并形成不同的分区.论文针对长的圆形巷道,将围岩分成破裂、塑性和弹性三个区域,采用Hoek-Brown准则,进行非关联弹塑性分析,获得了其应力和变形的封闭解析解,并说明该解析解是不唯一的.通过利用在弹塑交界处应力连续的条件、以及在破裂和塑性交界处径向应变连续的条件,获得了确定围岩破裂区和塑性区半径的解析算式.最后,通过算例并分析了破裂区和塑性区应力和应变的分布特点、以及破裂区范围的影响.利用所获得的结果,可以为巷道的稳定性分析以及支护设计提供理论依据.     

卸荷速率对岩石强度影响的试验研究

通过MTS 815.02型电液伺服岩石力学试验系统,研究砂岩试样在常规三轴条件下卸 围压过程中的应力-应变关系,探讨不同卸荷速率对试样强度的影响情况,分析得 出卸荷速率与试样强度的变化规律;观察、测量破坏试样的破裂特征及角度,初步探究试 样在卸荷作用下的破坏机理;研究成果可为工程实践的岩体卸荷问题提供一定的理 论参考.     

地应力影响下隧洞边墙的爆破振动安全

针对地应力条件下的溪洛渡水电站右岸大跨度导流洞的开挖,依托现场的爆破实验参数,结合LS-DYNA软件,进行了隧洞岩体爆破开挖过程围岩的动态响应计算。分别采用峰值质点振动速度和最大拉应力安全判据确定围岩的爆破损伤范围。计算结果表明,隧洞爆破开挖时,最大峰值质点振速和最大拉应力均出现在洞室边墙中部,因此,爆破损伤在洞室边墙部位最严重。通过对洞室边墙中部的峰值振速和最大拉应力的数值拟合,得到了峰值质点振速和最大拉应力的统计关系,并进行了相关性检验,而且根据所得统计关系,结合实际工程围岩动态抗拉强度准则,提出了控制隧洞围岩爆破损伤的临界峰值质点振动速度。     

THE ZONAL DISINTEGRATION MECHANISM OF SURROUNDING ROCK AROUND DEEP SPHERICAL TUNNELS UNDER HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE CONDITION: A NON-EUCLIDEAN CONTINUUM DAMAGE MODEL

A new non-Euclidean continuum damage model is proposed to investigate the zonal disintegration phenomenon of the surrounding rocks around deep spherical tunnels under hydrostatic pressure condition as well as the total elastic stress field distributions.The elastic stress fields of the surrounding rocks around deep spherical tunnels under hydrostatic pressure condition are obtained.If the elastic stresses of the surrounding rocks satisfy the strength criterion of the deep rock masses,the number,size and location of fractured and nonfractured zones are determined.The efect of physico-mechanical parameters of the surrounding rocks on the zonal disintegration phenomenon is studied and numerical computation is carried out.It is found from numerical results that the number,size and location of fractured and non-fractured zones are sensitive to the physico-mechanical parameters of the surrounding rocks.     

ZONAL DISINTEGRATION MECHANISM OF DEEP CRACK-WEAKENED ROCK MASSES UNDER DYNAMIC UNLOADING

Size and quantity of fractured zone and non-fractured zone are controlled by cracks contained in deep rock masses. Zonal disintegration mechanism is strongly dependent on the interaction among cracks. The strong interaction among cracks is investigated using stress superposition principle and the Chebyshev polynomials expansion of the pseudo-traction. It is found from numerical results that crack nucleation, growth and coalescence lead to failure of deep crack- weakened rock masses. The stress redistribution around the surrounding rock mass induced by unloading excavation is studied. The effect of the excavation time on nucleation, growth, interaction and coalescence of cracks was analyzed. Moreover, the influence of the excavation time on the size and quantity of fractured zone and non-fractured zone was given. When the excavation time is short, zonal disintegration phenomenon may occur in deep rock masses. It is shown from numerical results that the size and quantity of fractured zone increase with decreasing excavation time, and the size and quantity of fractured zone increase with the increasing value of in-situ geostress.     

Zonal disintegration of deep crack-weakened rock masses: A non-Euclidean model

Rock masses are characterized by the existence of distributed joints and fractures. One of behaviors of the deep rock masses is high in situ stresses. The internal space of rock-like materials subjected to high in situ stresses after deformation is treated as a non-Euclidean one. The incompatible deformation of the deep rock masses is induced by high in situ stresses within the framework of non-Euclidean geometric space. A non-Euclidean model in which effects of cracks on zonal disintegration phenomenon of the deep crack-weakened rock masses is taken into account is established. Based on the non-Euclidean model, the elastic stress-field distribution of the deep surrounding rock masses induced by compatible deformation of non-fractured zones and incompatible deformation of fractured zones is determined. The stress intensity factors at the tips of cracks is given out. The strain energy density factor is applied to investigate the occurrence of disintegration zones. It is observed from the numerical results that the magnitude and site of fractured zones depend on the value of in situ stress, mesomechanical parameters and non-Euclidean parameters.     

Zonal fracturing mechanism in deep crack-weakened rock masses

The mechanical behaviors of deep crack-weakened rock masses are different from those of shallow crack-weakened rock masses. The surrounding rock in shallow crack-weakened rock mass engineering is classified into loose zone, plastic zone and elastic zone, while the surrounding rock in deep crack-weakened rock mass engineering is classified into fractured zone and non-fractured zone, which occur alternatively. It is assumed that the deep rock masses contain one joint set, in which the probability density function describing the distribution of sizes is assumed to follow the Rayleigh distribution, and the probability density function describing the distribution of spacing is assumed to follow the Weibull distribution. On the basis of strength criterion of deep rock mass, the near-field stress redistribution around circular opening induced by excavation is determined. The strong interaction among cracks is investigated by using the dislocation model. The nucleation, growth, interaction and coalescence of cracks were analyzed based on the strain energy density factor theory. When cracks coalesce, failure of deep crack-weakened rock masses occurs, fractured zone is formed. Then, size and quantity of fractured zone and non-fractured zone are given out. The size and quantity of fractured zone increase with decreasing strength of rock mass. The size and quantity of fractured zone increase with increasing in situ stress. Zonal fracturing phenomenon occurs once value of in situ stress is larger than the unaxial compressive strength of rock masses. The size and quantity of fractured zone decrease with increasing λ when p₂ > p₁. The size and quantity of fractured zone increase with increasing λ when p₂ < p₁.     

THE EFFECTS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL PENNY-SHAPED CRACKS ON ZONAL DISINTEGRATION OF THE SURROUNDING ROCK MASSES AROUND A DEEP CIRCULAR TUNNEL

In this study, it was assumed that three-dimensional penny-shaped cracks existed in deep rock masses. A new non-Euclidean model was established, in which the effects of pennyshaped cracks and axial in-situ stress on zonal disintegration of deep rock masses were taken into account. Based on the non-Euclidean model, the stress intensity factors at tips of the pennyshaped cracks were determined. The strain energy density factor was applied to investigate the occurrence of fractured zones. It was observed from the numerical results that the magnitude and location of fractured zones were sensitive to micro- and macro-mechanical parameters, as well as the value of in-situ stress. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Zonal disintegration of surrounding rock mass around the diversion tunnels in Jinping II Hydropower Station, Southwestern China

By means of numerical simulation, the special phenomenon of zonal disintegration of surrounding rock mass around the diversion tunnels of Jinping II Hydropower Station is analyzed in this paper. In order to model the growth and coalescence of cracks within rock mass in Jinping II Hydropower Station, the weak-element is adopted. When cracks coalesce, failure of deep crack-weakened rock masses occurs and fractured zone is formed. The present result is different from the one obtained by the traditional elasto-plastic theory. The numerical results show that the slip-line zonal fracture is created within rock mass around the diversion tunnels in Jinping II Hydropower Station. Meanwhile, the magnitude and distributions of fractured zones are determined by numerical simulation. It is shown that the present results are in good agreement with the one observed by model tests. Through sensitivity analysis, the effects of stress condition, cohesion and the angle of internal friction on the phenomenon of zonal disintegration is determined.     

深部岩体变形破坏的特征能量因子与应用

深部岩体在高地应力作用下储存了大量的弹性应变能。在开挖或爆破扰动作用下，原有的平衡状态被打破，围岩中形成了有势场和不平衡应力场。在不平衡力场和扰动场的共同作用下，岩体的变形与破坏表现出了诸如分区破裂化、大变形、岩爆以及人工地震等非线性行为。传统的连续介质理论并不能考虑岩体的构造特性与含能特性，因此无法很好地解释深部岩体的特殊非线性力学现象。特征能量因子从能量的角度出发，结合统计物理学观点，为分析深部岩体在动静荷载组合作用下的变形和破坏过程提供了有效的理论支撑。本文主要对特征能量因子进行了简要介绍，并回顾了其在深部岩体分区破裂以及动力诱发围岩不可逆变形等非线性工程灾害现象中的应用。     

2021-07期目录

在陈宗基院士关于地下硐室长期稳定性力学问题研究的基础上,采用Sadovsky院士关于复杂地质岩体的等级构造学说,围绕深部岩体非均匀构造与封闭应力固有的统计力学属性,研究了岩体非均匀变形与封闭应力特性,以及深部硐室围岩的长期稳定性等两个力学问题。给出了岩体非均匀构造与封闭应力的数学表征;根据质量守恒定律得到了计算深部硐室围岩长期变形的一般公式;得到了围岩变形中劈裂扩容变形占主要部分的结论,并且阐明了深部围岩卸荷时更易出现劈裂破坏的原因。给出了劈裂破坏形态的演进序列与扩容位移的计算方法。将围岩松动圈范围、破裂区位置和边壁位移的计算结果与锦屏一级电站厂房现有监测数据进行了对比,两者相当吻合。     

Hoek–Brown criterion applied to circular tunnel using elastoplasticity and in situ axial stress

Based on the nonlinear Hoek–Brown failure criterion, elastoplastic analytical solutions are developed for the elastoplastic stresses, strains and plastic zones around a circular tunnel subjected to different value of the axial in situ stress. Effects of the transverse in situ stress, the axial in situ stress and the strength parameters of rock masses on the elastoplastic stresses, strains and plastic zones in the surrounding rock masses are investigated. It is found from the numerical results that the stresses, strains, and plastic zones in the surrounding rock depend not only on the transverse in situ stress but also on the axial in situ stress as well as the mechanical parameters of rock masses.