开挖卸荷条件下深部圆形洞室各向同性围岩分区破裂化机理

论文提出了一种静水压力条件下动态开挖卸荷对深埋圆形洞室各向同性围岩分区破裂化影响的力学模型,获得了动态开挖卸荷条件下深埋圆形洞室围岩的弹性应力场,确定了卸荷速率和岩体动态力学参数对深埋洞室各向同性围岩分区破裂化现象的影响.利用动态Hoek-Brown准则,获得了围岩破裂区和非破裂区的数量和宽度.数值计算结果表明卸荷速率和岩体动态力学参数对破裂区与非破裂区的数量和宽度有较大影响.     

裂隙岩体损伤局部化破坏分岔模型及其应用

采用概率统计方法分析节理裂隙岩体的几何特征，定义了反映裂隙岩体几何特征的组构张量．基于不可逆热力学理论，通过裂纹扩展的细观分析，得出了损伤的发展机理和演化方程，把损伤演化和裂隙的几何特征的变化联系起来，建立了弹塑性损伤本构关系．为分析含有节理裂隙岩体在发生局部化破坏时的特征，通过对发生局部化时的裂隙岩体的分析。构造了适用于节理裂隙岩体局部化分析的不连续分岔模型．利用非线性规划数值解法，可以得出局部化破坏的方向特征．在有限元方法中，根据该模型给出了节理裂隙岩体相关的算例，分析表明该模型用于分析裂隙岩体的局部化破坏是有效的．     

深部岩体变形破坏的特征能量因子与应用

深部岩体在高地应力作用下储存了大量的弹性应变能。在开挖或爆破扰动作用下，原有的平衡状态被打破，围岩中形成了有势场和不平衡应力场。在不平衡力场和扰动场的共同作用下，岩体的变形与破坏表现出了诸如分区破裂化、大变形、岩爆以及人工地震等非线性行为。传统的连续介质理论并不能考虑岩体的构造特性与含能特性，因此无法很好地解释深部岩体的特殊非线性力学现象。特征能量因子从能量的角度出发，结合统计物理学观点，为分析深部岩体在动静荷载组合作用下的变形和破坏过程提供了有效的理论支撑。本文主要对特征能量因子进行了简要介绍，并回顾了其在深部岩体分区破裂以及动力诱发围岩不可逆变形等非线性工程灾害现象中的应用。     

回转体头部通气入水流场演化与载荷特性数值预报研究

地下硐室作为爆炸危险物的隐蔽贮藏空间，有潜在的内爆炸风险。为研究内爆炸作用下硐室围岩的动态响应机制，提出了一种基于岩石HJC （Holmquist-Johnson-Cook）模型和节理内聚力单元的损伤-虚拟裂纹模型。分析了模拟方法的可靠性，并在此基础上，通过多物质ALE算法对球形硐室内爆炸过程进行数值模拟，分析了围岩损伤范围和分区破坏规律。研究表明：插入内聚力单元弥补了HJC模型无法模拟低静水压力下张拉破坏的不足，且尺寸效应易于处理。模拟方法同时考虑了岩体内张拉裂纹的扩展和岩石材料的塑性损伤，能够真实地反映岩石破坏的全过程。以红砂岩为例，根据数值模拟结果，填实（耦合装药）爆炸时围岩分区破坏规律明显，破碎区比例半径为0.26 m/kg^1/3、裂隙区比例半径为0.47 m/kg^1/3。随着硐室尺寸的增大，空气的间隔作用可以减小爆炸荷载对围岩的损伤作用，比例半径达到0.52 m/kg^1/3时，可以实现爆炸荷载的完全解耦。     

基于损伤-虚拟张拉裂纹模型的地下爆炸围岩破坏规律研究

地下硐室作为爆炸危险物的隐蔽贮藏空间,有潜在的内爆炸风险。为研究内爆炸作用下硐室围岩的动态响应机制,提出了一种基于岩石HJC (Holmquist-Johnson-Cook)模型和节理内聚力单元的损伤-虚拟裂纹模型。分析了模拟方法的可靠性,并在此基础上,通过多物质ALE算法对球形硐室内爆炸过程进行数值模拟,分析了围岩损伤范围和分区破坏规律。研究表明:插入内聚力单元弥补了HJC模型无法模拟低静水压力下张拉破坏的不足,且尺寸效应易于处理。模拟方法同时考虑了岩体内张拉裂纹的扩展和岩石材料的塑性损伤,能够真实地反映岩石破坏的全过程。以红砂岩为例,根据数值模拟结果,填实（耦合装药）爆炸时围岩分区破坏规律明显,破碎区比例半径为0.26 m/kg1/3、裂隙区比例半径为0.47 m/kg1/3。随着硐室尺寸的增大,空气的间隔作用可以减小爆炸荷载对围岩的损伤作用,比例半径达到0.52 m/kg1/3时,可以实现爆炸荷载的完全解耦。     

深部岩体圆形巷道围岩松动圈形成机理数值试验研究

采用损伤力学和统计理论的单元本构模型,探讨深部岩体巷道围岩破坏规律, 利用岩石破裂过程分析软件RFPA$^{\rm 2D}$, 对深部 岩体中的圆形巷道的变形及非线性渐进破坏特征、巷道周边关键部位的位移和应力变化进行 了分析,研究了圆形巷道围岩松动圈的形成机理. 研究表明：巷道开挖后,其周边形成应力 集中带,随着围岩压力的持续作用,巷道周边产生塑性变形区,并沿径向形成裂纹;随着裂 纹的不断扩展,巷道周边出现松动破裂区,即松动圈. 产生破裂区后,应力集中程度减弱, 应力高峰点向远处转移.     

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针对红透山深部断层下巷道围岩破坏诱发的涌水现象,以该矿水文地质条件 为基础,建立了岩体水力学模型,应用岩石破裂过程渗流-应力耦合分析系统 (RFPA$^{\rm 2D}$-Flow)模拟研究了深部断层下巷道围岩破坏过程：裂隙形成、扩展到突水通 道最终贯通形成涌水的全过程. 通过对损伤区分布、应力场和渗流场的演化规律进行分析, 揭示了巷道应力重新分布诱发损伤及渗流涌水规律,对涌水通道进行模拟定位,为红透山铜 矿深部巷道支护防渗设计提供了科学依据.     

非贯通裂隙岩体损伤演化率相关性及变形特征

含非贯通裂隙岩体是自然界中岩体的主要赋存形式，其裂隙几何特征对岩体的强度及变形均产生显著影响。应变率对岩体的损伤演化及黏滞效应也具有显著的率相关性。首先，运用模型元件的方法，将非贯通裂隙岩体动态破坏过程视为具复合损伤、静态弹性特性、动态黏滞特性的非均质点组成，对黏弹性响应的Maxwell体进行改进，将细观损伤体与裂隙损伤演化的宏观损伤体根据等效应变假设并联组成宏细观复合损伤体，构建综合考虑岩体宏细观缺陷的动态损伤模型；其次，基于断裂力学及应变能理论，对岩体宏观裂隙动态扩展的能量机制进行分析，综合考虑初始裂隙应变能、裂隙动态损伤演化过程应变能、裂隙闭合应变能，得到裂隙岩体宏观动态损伤变量计算公式；最后，将模型计算结果与实验结果进行比较，模型计算结果与实验结果吻合较好，证明了模型的合理性，同时利用模型讨论了裂隙倾角、应变率、岩石性质对岩体变形特征的影响规律。     

水电站地下厂房大型岩体洞室的抗爆性能

通过大量的数值模拟试验,以洞室岩体和混凝土衬砌结构的损伤为指标,研究了水电站地下厂房这类大型岩体洞室在强地表爆破荷载作用下,洞室埋深、围岩岩体强度和地应力对洞室抗爆性能的影响。数值计算中,洞室岩体和混凝土衬砌均采用弹塑性损伤本构模型,同时考虑了几何非线性效应。研究结果表明:对于水电站地下厂房这类高边墙洞室,浅埋深洞室的抗爆性能较差,深埋深洞室的抗爆性能较强;岩体强度越高,洞室的抗爆性能越强;当地应力侧压因数λ1时,随地应力侧压因数的增大,洞室的抗爆性能显著下降。 更多还原     

三维加锚弹塑性损务模型在溪洛渡地下厂房工程中的应用

本文根据断续裂隙岩体的损伤机制,建立了三维弹塑性损伤本构模型反映裂隙岩体的损伤变形特性。考虑断续裂隙岩体的岩锚支护效应,建立了空间损伤锚柱单元模型模拟锚杆的支护效果。最后将建立的模型应用于溪洛渡水电站地下厂房,进行了洞室群开挖弹塑性损伤及岩锚支护三维非线性有限元计算,获得了一些有益的工程结论。     

THE ZONAL DISINTEGRATION MECHANISM OF SURROUNDING ROCK AROUND DEEP SPHERICAL TUNNELS UNDER HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE CONDITION: A NON-EUCLIDEAN CONTINUUM DAMAGE MODEL

A new non-Euclidean continuum damage model is proposed to investigate the zonal disintegration phenomenon of the surrounding rocks around deep spherical tunnels under hydrostatic pressure condition as well as the total elastic stress field distributions.The elastic stress fields of the surrounding rocks around deep spherical tunnels under hydrostatic pressure condition are obtained.If the elastic stresses of the surrounding rocks satisfy the strength criterion of the deep rock masses,the number,size and location of fractured and nonfractured zones are determined.The efect of physico-mechanical parameters of the surrounding rocks on the zonal disintegration phenomenon is studied and numerical computation is carried out.It is found from numerical results that the number,size and location of fractured and non-fractured zones are sensitive to the physico-mechanical parameters of the surrounding rocks.     

Zonal disintegration of surrounding rock mass around the diversion tunnels in Jinping II Hydropower Station, Southwestern China

By means of numerical simulation, the special phenomenon of zonal disintegration of surrounding rock mass around the diversion tunnels of Jinping II Hydropower Station is analyzed in this paper. In order to model the growth and coalescence of cracks within rock mass in Jinping II Hydropower Station, the weak-element is adopted. When cracks coalesce, failure of deep crack-weakened rock masses occurs and fractured zone is formed. The present result is different from the one obtained by the traditional elasto-plastic theory. The numerical results show that the slip-line zonal fracture is created within rock mass around the diversion tunnels in Jinping II Hydropower Station. Meanwhile, the magnitude and distributions of fractured zones are determined by numerical simulation. It is shown that the present results are in good agreement with the one observed by model tests. Through sensitivity analysis, the effects of stress condition, cohesion and the angle of internal friction on the phenomenon of zonal disintegration is determined.     

Zonal disintegration of deep crack-weakened rock masses: A non-Euclidean model

Rock masses are characterized by the existence of distributed joints and fractures. One of behaviors of the deep rock masses is high in situ stresses. The internal space of rock-like materials subjected to high in situ stresses after deformation is treated as a non-Euclidean one. The incompatible deformation of the deep rock masses is induced by high in situ stresses within the framework of non-Euclidean geometric space. A non-Euclidean model in which effects of cracks on zonal disintegration phenomenon of the deep crack-weakened rock masses is taken into account is established. Based on the non-Euclidean model, the elastic stress-field distribution of the deep surrounding rock masses induced by compatible deformation of non-fractured zones and incompatible deformation of fractured zones is determined. The stress intensity factors at the tips of cracks is given out. The strain energy density factor is applied to investigate the occurrence of disintegration zones. It is observed from the numerical results that the magnitude and site of fractured zones depend on the value of in situ stress, mesomechanical parameters and non-Euclidean parameters.     

ZONAL DISINTEGRATION MECHANISM OF DEEP CRACK-WEAKENED ROCK MASSES UNDER DYNAMIC UNLOADING

Size and quantity of fractured zone and non-fractured zone are controlled by cracks contained in deep rock masses. Zonal disintegration mechanism is strongly dependent on the interaction among cracks. The strong interaction among cracks is investigated using stress superposition principle and the Chebyshev polynomials expansion of the pseudo-traction. It is found from numerical results that crack nucleation, growth and coalescence lead to failure of deep crack- weakened rock masses. The stress redistribution around the surrounding rock mass induced by unloading excavation is studied. The effect of the excavation time on nucleation, growth, interaction and coalescence of cracks was analyzed. Moreover, the influence of the excavation time on the size and quantity of fractured zone and non-fractured zone was given. When the excavation time is short, zonal disintegration phenomenon may occur in deep rock masses. It is shown from numerical results that the size and quantity of fractured zone increase with decreasing excavation time, and the size and quantity of fractured zone increase with the increasing value of in-situ geostress.     

THE EFFECTS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL PENNY-SHAPED CRACKS ON ZONAL DISINTEGRATION OF THE SURROUNDING ROCK MASSES AROUND A DEEP CIRCULAR TUNNEL

In this study, it was assumed that three-dimensional penny-shaped cracks existed in deep rock masses. A new non-Euclidean model was established, in which the effects of pennyshaped cracks and axial in-situ stress on zonal disintegration of deep rock masses were taken into account. Based on the non-Euclidean model, the stress intensity factors at tips of the pennyshaped cracks were determined. The strain energy density factor was applied to investigate the occurrence of fractured zones. It was observed from the numerical results that the magnitude and location of fractured zones were sensitive to micro- and macro-mechanical parameters, as well as the value of in-situ stress. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data.     

2021-07期目录

在陈宗基院士关于地下硐室长期稳定性力学问题研究的基础上,采用Sadovsky院士关于复杂地质岩体的等级构造学说,围绕深部岩体非均匀构造与封闭应力固有的统计力学属性,研究了岩体非均匀变形与封闭应力特性,以及深部硐室围岩的长期稳定性等两个力学问题。给出了岩体非均匀构造与封闭应力的数学表征;根据质量守恒定律得到了计算深部硐室围岩长期变形的一般公式;得到了围岩变形中劈裂扩容变形占主要部分的结论,并且阐明了深部围岩卸荷时更易出现劈裂破坏的原因。给出了劈裂破坏形态的演进序列与扩容位移的计算方法。将围岩松动圈范围、破裂区位置和边壁位移的计算结果与锦屏一级电站厂房现有监测数据进行了对比,两者相当吻合。     

深部回采巷道围岩零应变交界圈现象的模型试验研究

以淮南矿区口孜东矿深部回采巷道为工程背景,采用真三轴模型试验装置模拟了从浅埋静水压力、深埋静水压力、初掘采动应力(K=1.5为1.5倍900m埋深静水压力,后同)到回采动压(K=2~3)等不同应力条件下,大、小两种尺寸的直墙拱形回采巷道围岩应变状态,获得了浅埋条件下巷道围岩浅部拉应变、深部零应变,以及深埋静水压力及初掘采动应力下,巷道围岩出现"零应变交界圈"现象及深埋回采高应力下非线性大应变的围岩应变特征。应变监测结果反映了深部回采巷道围岩变形破坏的动态演化过程,为巷道的稳定性控制提供了一定的思考。