深部岩体变形破坏的特征能量因子与应用

深部岩体在高地应力作用下储存了大量的弹性应变能。在开挖或爆破扰动作用下,原有的平衡状态被打破,围岩中形成了有势场和不平衡应力场。在不平衡力场和扰动场的共同作用下,岩体的变形与破坏表现出了诸如分区破裂化、大变形、岩爆以及人工地震等非线性行为。传统的连续介质理论并不能考虑岩体的构造特性与含能特性,因此无法很好地解释深部岩体的特殊非线性力学现象。特征能量因子从能量的角度出发,结合统计物理学观点,为分析深部岩体在动静荷载组合作用下的变形和破坏过程提供了有效的理论支撑。本文主要对特征能量因子进行了简要介绍,并回顾了其在深部岩体分区破裂以及动力诱发围岩不可逆变形等非线性工程灾害现象中的应用。

A characteristic energy factor for deformation and failure of deep rock masses and its application

As high elastic strain energy is stored in deep rock masses with high geo-stress, the initial equilibrium state in rock masses is broken as a result of excavation and explosion, thus forming the unbalanced force and energy field forms. The deformation and fracture of rock masses exhibit remarkable nonlinearity, such as zonal disintegration, large deformation, rockburst and artificial earthquake, under the combination of unbalanced force field and disturbance of dynamic loads, which leads to the special stress state for the deep rock masses. The classic continuum theory does not consider the natural discrete and energetic characteristics, and therefore cannot describe the nonlinear mechanical behavior of deep rock masses. Combining statistical physics, the characteristic energy factor provides a powerful theoretical proof for studying the deformation and fracture process of deep rock masses under the action of dynamic and static loading. In this paper, the characteristic energy factor is introduced briefly and its applications in engineering disasters such as zonal disintegration and irreversible deformation are reviewed.