光纤SPR湿敏传感器及其共振光谱特性研究

提出并研制了基于光纤SPR传感探针的新型湿敏传感器。首先研究了光纤SPR传感探针对环境湿度变化的敏感特性,在此基础上提出在光纤SPR传感探针表面增覆不同厚度且具有水分子吸附功能的PVA薄膜来实现环境相对湿度的监测。研究结果表明,增覆双层PVA薄膜的光纤SPR传感探针在高湿区具有较好监测效果,其共振强度对应的相对湿度测量灵敏度达到1.59%/%RH,较光纤SPR探针呈现显著提高。而增覆单层PVA薄膜的光纤SPR传感探针在高湿区共振波长对应的相对湿度监测灵敏度达到2.411nm/%RH。此外所提出的新型光纤SPR湿敏探针在PVA薄膜失效后经过特殊工艺处理仍可重复镀膜使用。     

基于光纤的溶解氧浓度荧光测定法

针对溶解氧浓度微量探测的现实需求,提出了一种基于荧光猝灭原理、利用多孔光纤实现的溶解氧浓度测定新方法。该方法将钌联吡啶[Ru（dpp）₃]Cl₂掺杂的凝胶薄膜修饰在多孔光纤的内壁上,制备了一种溶解氧测定探头并对其测试性能进行表征。光纤贯穿整个长度的孔洞结构既可以作为敏感膜的载体,也可以作为待测物流过的通道和反应场所。与传统测试方法相比,该测试探头的多孔道结构显著提高了比表面积,指示剂可以与溶解氧直接反应,提高了探头的敏感性并且具有微量探测的潜力。实验结果表明,在0~20 mg/L的浓度范围内,Stern-Volmer曲线近似线性,响应敏感度I₀/I为3.6,响应时间为200 ms。该测试方法在溶解氧微量探测领域具有重要用途。     

Method of resonance near-field optical microscopy

We have solved the problem in which a thin metal wafer (probe) with a nanohole interacts with the flat surface of a metastructured film consisting of metal nanoparticles in an external optical radiation field. Nanoparticles are considered as two-level atomic systems. This interaction of the wafer-probe and the flat surface in the external optical radiation field gives rise to optical near-field resonance, the frequency of which differs significantly from the natural frequencies of two-level atoms in the medium and the probe. The fields inside and outside the probe and metastructured film are calculated in the near-field and far-field zones. The maximum resolution, which is achievable in the suggested scheme of near-field optical microscopy, can reach about 10 nm. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 4, pp. 499–506, July–August, 2007.     

Effects of pinhole diameters on beam characteristics for silicon thin film optical inspection

Peak power density stability and beam-wander precision of probe laser are important factors affecting the inspection results in the precision thin film optical measurements. Pinhole is frequently used as a spatial filter in the optical inspection system. In this work, four different diameters of pinhole are investigated experimentally. It is found that pinhole diameter of 0.3 mm is considered to be a promising candidate for mounting in front of probe laser for silicon thin film optical inspection due to better peak power density stability and better beam-wander precision.     

A smart optical liquid level sensor based on Hg cladding optical waveguide

A smart optical liquid level sensor based on the theory of connected vessels is introduced. The Hg cladding optical waveguide (HCOW) is taken as its probe, and the change of liquid level is presented by the change of the HCOW length. Both the theoretical analysis and experiments show that when the waveguide diameter and the light wavelength are certain, the optical power loss decreased linearly with the increase of the HCOW length. By detecting the power loss of HCOW, optimizing the structure of probe and selecting the appropriate apparatus for detection, the real time detection of liquid level with high precision can be got. The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy is 5.2 mm within 10 m liquid level, and its theoretical precision can be up to 0.02%.     

Transmission and reflection navigated optical probe with depth-tuned surface corrugations

An optical probe with a single aperture flanked by depth-tuned surface corrugations is presented. It can generate enhanced optical transmission at the exit of a slit and lower reflection at the top side of the compound dielectric/metal structure. The probe is designed and discussed on the basis of enhanced surface plasmon resonance for the purpose of high-resolution inspection use. A multidielectric probe consisting of air/glass/C/Ag/air is put forward. The influence of the thickness of the carbon film on the reduction of reflection is analyzed in detail combined with the relevant funneling effect induced by waveguide mode propagation through a central slit. Our simulation results show that a carbon film with a thickness of 150 nm and a 200-nm Ag film with the designed parabolic corrugations can reach our design target of the enhanced optical transmission and minimum reflection. PACS 02.60.Cb; 02.70.Bf; 07.79.Fc; 42.25.Bs     

氟化铒薄膜晶体结构与红外光学性能的关系

使用热蒸发技术在锗(111)衬底上制备了氟化铒(ErF₃)薄膜. XRD衍射结果表明，随着衬底温度的增加，氟化铒薄膜发生了从非晶状态到结晶状态的转变，薄膜的表面形貌和红外光学性能也发生了显著的变化，部分结晶的氟化铒薄膜的远红外透射谱和完全非晶的薄膜基本一致，但是与结晶薄膜则没有相似之处. 晶格常数计算表明薄膜中存在压应力. 使用洛伦兹谐振子模型对薄膜的透射率曲线进行拟合计算，得到ErF₃薄膜的折射率和消光系数. 在10μm处非晶薄膜的折射率和消光系数最小值分别为1.38和0.01，结晶薄膜的折射率和消光系数最小值分别为1.32和0.006. 关键词： 氟化铒 红外光学性质 光学常数 洛伦兹谐振子模型     

All optical switching in azo-polymer planar waveguide

In this paper all optical switching in planar methyl red doped poly (methyl methacrylate) (MR/PMMA) waveguide and the effects of different parameters on this process are presented. Switching was achieved by a 488 nm Ar ion laser (pump beam) on a 633 nm He-Ne laser (probe beam) when passed through the waveguide. The effect of temperature and pump intensity, polarization and chopping frequency on switching is investigated. The switching process is attributed to trans-cis-trans photoisomerization of azo dyes in the polymer host. By studying the absorption spectrum of the sample, it is shown that both pump and probe laser beams are effective on the switching process.     

特定折射率材料及光学薄膜制备

根据太阳电池阵激光防护膜性能优化的需要,应用离子辅助电子束双源共蒸工艺方法制备了优化设计所需的特定折射率的薄膜材料并用于制备激光防护膜。测试结果显示:用该工艺方法制备的掺杂材料薄膜的折射率n=1.75,与优化设计所需数值相符;激光防护膜性能优良,太阳辐射能透过率提高6%以上,实现了对该激光防护膜性能的进一步优化。为了使该双源共蒸方法适于大面积薄膜的制备,应用均匀性挡板技术来提高该方法制备大面积薄膜的膜厚均匀性,使制备的掺杂材料薄膜在口径为400 mm时的不均匀性小于2.1%。该双源共蒸方法制备工艺简单、可靠,适于实际工程应用。薄膜性能测试结果与理论优化结果相符,达到预期优化目标。     

A study on optical absorption and constants of doped poly(ethylene oxide)

Thin films of polymer electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide) doped with sodium iodide (NaI) were prepared using the solution cast method. The films obtained have average thickness of 70 μm and different NaI concentrations. Absorption and reflectance spectra of UV-radiation were studied in the wavelength range 300-800 nm. The optical results were analyzed in terms of absorption formula for non-crystalline materials.The optical energy gap and the basic optical constants, refractive index, and dielectric constants of the prepared films have been investigated and showed a clear dependence on the NaI concentration. The interpreted absorption mechanism is a direct electron transition.The observed optical energy gap for neat poly(ethylene oxide) is about 2.6 eV, and decreases to a value 2.36 eV for the film of 15 wt% NaI content. It was found that the calculated refractive index and the dielectric constants of the polymer electrolyte thin films increase with NaI content. Models were used to describe the dependences of the dielectric constant on the NaI concentration, and the refractive index on the incident photon energy.     

Electroless nickel plating on optical fiber probe

As a component of near-field scanning optical microscope （NSOM）, optical fiber probe is an important factor influncing the equipment resolution. Electroless nickel plating is introduced to metallize the optical fiber probe. The optical fibers are etched by 40% HF with Turner etching method. Through pretreatment, the optical fiber probe is coated with Ni-P film by electroless plating in a constant temperature water tank. Atomic absorption spectrometry （AAS）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDXS） are carried out to characterize the deposition on fiber probe. We have reproducibly fabricated two kinds of fiber probes with a Ni-P film： aperture probe and apertureless probe. In addition, reductive particle transportation on the surface of fiber probe is proposed to explain the cause of these probes.     

Cellulose acetate polymer film modified microstructured polymer optical fiber towards a nitrite optical probe

A novel microstructured polymer optical fiber (MPOF) probe for nitrites (NO₂⁻) detection was made by forming rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G)-doped cellulose acetate (CA) on the side wall of array holes in a MPOF. It was found that the MPOF probe only have a response to nitrites in a certain concentration of sulfuric acid solution. The calibration graph of fluorescence intensity versus nitrites concentration was linear in the range of 2.0 × 10^− 4 g/ml-5.0 × 10^− 3 g/ml. The method possesses ease of chemical modification, low cost design, and potential for direct integration with existing instrumentation, and has been applied to the determination of nitrites in real samples with satisfactory results.     

Electronic structure and optical properties of Nb doped Al2O3 on Si by atomic layer deposition

Nb₂O₅ and Nb doped Al₂O₃ have proved to be good candidates as resistive switch materials or optical materials. In this letter, we focus on the complex electronic structure and optical properties of Nb doped Al₂O₃ to give chemical physical images of the films. With the help of SE, XPS and XPS valence band spectra, the detailed electronic structure with atomic bonding structure and optical properties are given. The band gap of a thin oxide film is determined to be 5.05 eV, and the evolution of VBO and CBO of the film on Si are also discussed.     

Laser beam induced optical aberrations in phosphate and fluoride phosphate glasses

Designing pulsed laser amplifiers requires detailed knowledge about beam distortions at the amplifying medium. Time resolved experiments have been performed on fluoride phosphate and pure phosphate glass in order to study optical aberrations induced by pump beam irradiation. By means of a probe beam tunable in wavelength, it was possible to discriminate between thermally induced variations of the optical path and beam narrowing effects due to the radial gain distribution. The experimental results were analyzed theoretically regarding Fresnel diffraction. A quite different response was found for the two types of glass despite their similar nominative properties. PACS 42.60.Jf; 42.60.By; 42.15.Fr     

Thickness dependent optical dispersion parameters and nonlinear optical properties of nanostructured Cr doped CdO thin films

Cr doped CdO thin films were deposited on glass substrates by reactive DC magnetron sputtering with varying film thickness from 250 to 400 nm. XRD studies reveal that the films exhibit cubic structure with preferred orientation along the (2 0 0) plane. The optical transmittance of the films decreases from 92 to 72%, whereas the optical energy band gap of the films decreased from 2.88 to 2.78 eV with increasing film thickness. The Wemple–DiDomenico single oscillator model has been used to evaluate the optical dispersion parameters such as dispersion energy (E_d), oscillator energy (E_o), static refractive index (n_o) and high frequency dielectric constant (ε_∞). The nonlinear optical parameters such as optical susceptibility (χ⁽¹⁾), third order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ⁽³⁾) and nonlinear refractive index (n₂) of the films were also determined.     

杂质银对氧化锌薄膜气敏光学特性的影响

用反应式射频磁控溅射方法制备了纯氧化锌（ＺｎＯ）薄膜和掺Ａｇ的ＺｎＯ气敏光学传感薄膜。测量了这些薄膜在ＮＯｘ气体中的透射光谱，然后由透射光谱获得了灵敏度的变化规律，发现掺Ａｇ后的ＺｎＯ薄膜对ＮＯｘ气体的灵敏度高于纯ＺｎＯ薄膜，用俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ）测试了这些薄膜的组分，发现当掺Ａｇ量为５％时灵敏度最高，并结合朗缪尔（Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ）型吸附平衡关系式解释了这些现象，理论和实验结果能很好的相符。     

空间与频率双性能的薄膜光学滤波器

通过耦合两个掺杂的一维光子晶体，提出了同时兼具频率和空间光学滤波双性能的一维光子晶体异质结结构.在一个宽的频带范围内, 该结构只允许法向入射的确定的一种中心频率光透过，偏离法向此中心频率光全反射; 而在这宽频带范围内其他频率所有的光在任何角方向都全反射. 关键词： 一维光子晶体 光学滤波器 光学薄膜 光通信     

The structure and optical properties of evaporated Samarium fluoride films

Samarium fluoride (SmF₃) films have been deposited on quartz, silicon and germanium substrates by vacuum evaporation method. The crystal structure of the films deposited on silicon substrate is examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The films deposited at 100 °C, 150 °C and 250 °C have the (1 1 1) preferred growth orientation, but the film deposited at 200 °C has (3 6 0) growth orientation. The surface morphology evolution of the films with different thickness is investigated with optical microscopy. It is shown that the microcrack density and orientation of thin film is different from that of thick film. The transmission spectrum of SmF₃ films is measured from 200 nm to 20 μm. It is found that this material has good transparency from deep violet to far infrared. The optical constants of SmF₃ films from 200 nm to 12 μm are calculated by fitting the transmission spectrum of the films using Lorentz oscillator model.     

All optical switching in henna thin film

The optical nonlinearity in henna (Lawson (2- hydroxyl-1,4 naphthoquinone) film was utilized to demonstrate all optical switching. The nonlinear absorption of the henna film was calculated by measuring the transmission of the laser beam (λ = 488 nm) as a function of incident light intensities. The observed nonlinear absorption is attributed to a two-photon absorption process. The pump and probe technique was used to demonstrate all optical switching. The switching characteristics can be utilized to generate all-optical logic gates such as simple inverter switches (NOT) NOR, AND NAND logic functions.     

A comparative study on structural and optical properties of ZnO and Al-doped ZnO thin films obtained by ultrasonic spray method using different solvents

Transparent conducting ZnO and Al doped ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrate by ultrasonic spray method. The thin films with concentration of 0.1 M were deposited at 350 °C with 2 min of deposition time. The effects of ethanol and methanol solution before and after doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties were examined. The DRX analyses indicated that ZnO films have nanocrystalline nature and hexagonal wurtzite structure with (1 0 0) and (0 0 2) preferential orientation corresponding to ZnO films resulting from methanol and ethanol solution, respectively. The crystallinity of the thin films improved with methanol solution after doping to (0 0 2) oriented. All films exhibit an average optical transparency about 90%, in the visible range. The band gaps values of ZnO thin films are increased after doping from 3.10 to 3.26 eV and 3.27 to 3.30 eV upon Al doping obtained by ethanol and methanol solution, respectively. The electrical conductivity increase from 7.5 to 15.2 (Ω cm)⁻¹ of undoped to Al doped ZnO thin films prepared by using ethanol solution. However, for the methanol solution; the electrical conductivity of the film is stabilized after doping.