聚组氨酸/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极测定曲克芦丁

将石墨烯涂覆在玻碳电极表面,制备了石墨烯/玻碳电极(Gr/GCE)。用循环伏安法(Cyclic voltammetry,CV)将组氨酸修饰在石墨烯/玻碳电极表面,制成了聚组氨酸/石墨烯玻碳电极(polyHiS/Gr/GCE)。用该修饰电极对曲克芦丁水解物进行电化学检测,实验表明,在最优条件下,该修饰电极对曲克芦丁水解物有显著的电催化作用,其氧化峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10-6~4.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为R=0.9996,检出限为1.25×10-6mol·L-1。此方法可应用于实际样品的测定。     

直接电化学方法制备石墨烯修饰电极及对肼的检测

采用循环伏安法制备了石墨烯修饰玻碳电极并对其进行表征。研究了肼在石墨烯修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为。结果表明:石墨烯修饰电极对肼有良好的电催化活性,在BR缓冲溶液(pH 7.0)中动态安培法检测肼的线性范围分别为1.0×10-8～4.4×10-7mol.L-1和4.4×10-7～1.3×10-4mol·L-1,检出限(3sb)为9.9×10-9mol·L-1,利用该方法测定了模拟水样中肼的含量,平均加标回收率为100%。     

聚苯胺-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极同时测定邻苯二酚和对苯二酚

本文制备了聚苯胺-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极,并用循环伏安(CV)法和微分脉冲伏安(DPV)法研究了邻苯二酚(CC)和对苯二酚(HQ)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,相对于裸玻碳电极,HQ和CC在聚苯胺-石墨烯修饰电极上的氧化峰电流显著提高,氧化峰电位相差104.8mV,实现了CC和HQ的选择性测定。DPV法同时测定二酚时,HQ和CC分别在1.0×10-6~8.0×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内与其峰电流呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R分别为0.998、0.997,检出限(S/N=3)分别为1.0×10-7、8.0×10-8mol/L。将该方法用于模拟水样分析,回收率为95.3%~103.5%。     

组氨酸/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极循环伏安法测定痕量铜(Ⅱ)

依次用滴涂法和电化学方法将石墨烯和组氨酸修饰在玻碳电极表面,制备了组氨酸/石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极,将该电极用于循环伏安法测定铜(Ⅱ)。由于石墨烯良好的导电性能以及组氨酸的配位吸附效应,铜(Ⅱ)在该修饰电极上的氧化峰电流相对于裸玻碳电极上的显著增大。在最佳条件下,铜(Ⅱ)的浓度在2.30×10-8~3.06×10-5 mol·L-1范围内与其氧化峰电流呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为1.50×10-9 mol·L-1。此方法应用于实际样品中痕量铜(Ⅱ)的测定,加标回收率在94.0%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为2.0%,本法测定值与原子吸收光谱法测定值相符。     

间苯二酚在TiO2-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了TiO2-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极。用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对间苯二酚在该修饰电极的电化学行为进行了研究。实验结果表明,在pH值为6.0的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中,该修饰电极对间苯二酚具有良好的电催化作用。对TiO2-石墨烯用量、支持电解质、pH和扫描速度等实验条件进行了优化。在优化条件下,利用DPV测定,间苯二酚的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.995。检出限为2×10-7mol/L。将该方法应用于模拟水样中间苯二酚的测定,回收率为96.5～104.2%。     

鸟嘌呤在聚L-甲硫氨酸/石墨烯修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了聚L-甲硫氨酸/石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极,该电极在0.1 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(p H 7.0)中对鸟嘌呤的氧化具有明显的电催化作用。采用循环伏安法(CV)考察了p H值、扫描速率对鸟嘌呤电化学行为的影响。利用示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)对鸟嘌呤进行测定,结果表明在3.6×10-7~4.0×10-5mol/L浓度范围内鸟嘌呤的氧化峰电流与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.990 4,检出限(S/N=3)为5.0×10-8mol/L。该修饰电极还具有较好的稳定性和重现性。     

电化学还原的氧化石墨烯修饰电极检测L-色氨酸

制备了氧化石墨烯修饰玻碳电极,并运用循环伏安法对氧化石墨烯进行了直接的电化学还原,研究了L-色氨酸在该电化学还原的氧化石墨烯修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,L-色氨酸在该修饰电极上其氧化峰电流与裸玻碳电极相比增大了7.1倍,且峰电位负移80mV。利用差分脉冲伏安法,在pH=6.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中测定L-色氨酸,氧化峰电流与其浓度在0.4～65.0μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998,方法检出限为0.2μmol/L。     

间氨基苯酚修饰玻碳电极测定多巴胺

玻碳电极在含有2.0 mmol·L-1间氨基苯酚的0.1 mol·L-1的三水合高氯酸锂溶液中,于0～1.5 V的电位范围内进行电化学修饰,制备了间氨基苯酚修饰电极(m-AP/GCE).研究发现:间氨基苯酚修饰电极对多巴胺有良好的电催化作用,多巴胺在该电极上出现了一对氧化还原峰,相对于裸玻碳电极,氧化还原峰电位差为减至70 mV,提出了用循环伏安法测定多巴胺的方法.氧化峰电流与多巴胺的浓度在1.2×10-7～9.1×10-6和9.1×10-6～1.2×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈线生关系,检出限(3S/N)为3.2×10-8mol·L-1.     

电还原氧化石墨烯/多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极检测萘普生

将氧化石墨烯/多壁碳纳米管复合材料滴涂于玻碳电极表面,并运用恒电位还原法对氧化石墨烯进行直接电化学还原,制备了电还原氧化石墨烯/多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极(rGO/MWCNTs-GCE),利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱等对其进行初步表征。采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了萘普生在该复合修饰电极上的电化学响应,并对检测条件进行考察。结果表明,萘普生的浓度为2.0×10~(-4)～5.0×10~(-6) mol·L~(-1)间,氧化峰电流与其浓度成线性相关,检出限达到2.0×10~(-6) mol·L~(-1)。该复合修饰电极稳定性强、重现性好,可用于萘普生的快速检测。     

应用聚L-色氨酸/石墨烯修饰电极同时测定尿酸和黄嘌呤

将玻碳电极(GCE)放入含有L-色氨酸(TR)和氧化石墨烯(GO)底液进行循环扫描聚合,得到聚L-色氨酸(PTR)和电化学还原石墨烯(ERGO),从而制备了PTR-ERGO/GCE,电极具有较快的电子传递速率和较好的催化能力。利用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)探究尿酸(UA)和黄嘌呤(Xa)在该电极上的电化学行为。UA和Xa在电极表面的氧化过程均受吸附和扩散共同控制,以扩散为主。在最佳条件下,UA在0.626 V处产生一个氧化峰,Xa在0.994 V处产生一个氧化峰,两峰分开0.368 V,不需分离,即可同时进行测定。采用DPV法同时测定UA和Xa的线性范围分别为5.0×10-8~2.0×10-4mol/L和1.0×10-7~2.0×10-4mol/L,检出限分别为10和30 nmol/L。方法已用于人体尿样中尿酸和黄嘌呤的同时测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.