碳纳米管的拉曼散射研究

本文介绍碳纳米管研究的最近进展。简单描述碳纳米管的生长和形貌结构特性,着重分析不同方法生长的多层和单层碳纳米管的拉曼散射测量结果     

利用径向呼吸模及其倍频模的共振特性精确测定单壁碳纳米管的电子跃迁能量

提出一个根据拉曼基频模及其倍频模的斯托克斯和反斯托克斯拉曼成分的不同共振行为来探测样品与激光共振的系统能级的方法.此方法被应用到不均匀单壁碳纳米管束样品中某一径向呼吸模频率为219波数的金属型碳纳米管.通过分析呼吸模及其倍频模和切向模的共振行为,获得了该碳纳米管的电子跃迁能量,并获得纳米管C-C最近邻重叠积分因子为2.80 eV.此数值可以很好的解释单壁碳纳米管径向呼吸模的共振行为. 关键词： 单壁碳纳米管 呼吸模 共振拉曼散射 电子跃迁能     

单壁碳纳米管束针尖增强近场拉曼光谱探测实验研究

针尖增强近场拉曼光谱术是最近发展起来的光谱技术。金属探针在获得样品纳米局域表面形貌的同时,受激光激发,在针尖附近产生增强电磁场,得到与形貌位置精确对应的针尖增强局域拉曼光谱,形貌和光谱的结合实现了纳米局域的光谱指认。文章建立了一套针尖增强近场拉曼光谱测量装置,并用此装置对电弧法合成的单壁碳纳米管进行了近场拉曼光谱探测。测量了直径为100 nm单壁碳纳米管束的针尖增强拉曼光谱,进一步得到至多3根单壁碳纳米管的近场拉曼光谱,实现了超衍射分辨光谱探测。通过与远场拉曼光谱比较发现,针尖增强近场拉曼光谱的增强因子大于230倍。实验证明,同时具有超衍射空间分辨和拉曼光谱信号增强能力的针尖增强近场拉曼光谱术将是纳米材料和纳米结构表征的一种重要方法。     

碳纳米管晶格振动模及拉曼光谱的研究进展

本文介绍了碳纳米管的结构特征和晶格振动模的理论研究 ,综述了不同方法生长的多壁碳纳米管和单壁碳纳米管拉曼光谱的研究进展。另外 ,还简单描述了单壁碳纳米管的应用前景     

非共振条件下单壁碳纳米管拉曼散射强度的计算

利用非共振情况下的键极化模型理论，对单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱强度进行了研究.考察了碳纳米管结构、入射光和散射光的偏振方向以及管轴的取向对散射光强度的影响.计算结果表明，光的偏振方向对拉曼散射强度影响较大，而手性对拉曼光谱的影响较小.针对碳管样品的实际情况，给出了无规取向碳管的拉曼散射光谱. 关键词： 碳纳米管 拉曼散射 声子 键极化     

二维材料的变温拉曼光谱研究

拉曼散射是光与物质相互作用过程中发生的一种非弹性光散射现象.由于拉曼散射光通常带有散射物质结构的特征信息,拉曼光谱一直广泛应用于表征材料结构的研究.近年来,拉曼光谱已成为表征低维纳米材料不可或缺的实验内容,因此也对拉曼光谱技术本身的发展提出新的要求.面向表征层状纳米材料的前沿研究,北京大学基础物理实验教学中心在拉曼光谱检测仪器和技术方面进行了一系列的探索.本文主要介绍北京大学近两年在变温拉曼光谱仪研制及二维材料结构表征应用的一些阶段性工作成果.     

表面增强拉曼散射光谱的应用进展

表面增强拉曼光谱是一种非常有效的探测界面特性和分子间相互作用、表征表面分子吸附行为和分子结构的工具。已成为灵敏度最高的研究界面效应的技术之一,最大范围地应用于研究吸附分子在表面的取向及吸附行为、吸附界面表面状态、生物大分子的界面取向及构型、构象和结构分析;SERS技术也逐渐成为表面科学和电化学领域有力的研究手段,并已在痕量分析乃至单分子检测、化学及工业、环境科学、生物医学体系、纳米材料以及传感器等方面的研究中得到了广泛应用,甚至出现了拉曼技术与其他技术的联用。文章综述了近几年来表面增强拉曼散射作为一种光谱技术在这些应用领域的研究进展以及潜在应用价值;并简单介绍了作者所在实验室的相关工作,特别是富勒烯和碳纳米管材料等领域的一些探讨与研究。     

纳米材料的螺旋生长

因其独特的结构特点,纳米材料的螺旋生长一直备受关注。在本综述中,主要采用分子动力学方法来模拟指定材料间的相互作用。模拟结果证明,石墨烯纳米带能够自发螺旋嵌入碳纳米管,亦能螺旋缠绕在碳纳米管外壁,而这一结果已被实验证实。同时,封闭的石墨烯纳米环可填充到碳纳米管空腔中形成类似DNA的双螺旋结构,亦能螺旋塌陷在碳纳米管外壁形成大螺距双层螺旋结构。模拟发现,石墨烯纳米带与石墨烯纳米环均可螺旋缠绕在金属纳米线外壁形成碳-金属壳核结构,这一机理可用于制备壳核复合结构。另外,我们论述了硅纳米粒子在碳纳米锥与碳纳米管表面的螺旋形核机制。通过相互作用机制和热力学模型的建立来进一步研究纳米材料的螺旋生长。据推断,螺旋结构具有最低的能量且具有最高的空间利用率。同时,实验证明,极性面以及螺旋位错的存在也可驱动晶体结晶过程中的螺旋生长。到目前,尽管涉及纳米材料螺旋生长的研究非常广泛,但还需要更详实的后续研究来解释螺旋生长的作用机制。     

纳米材料的螺旋生长（英文）

因其独特的结构特点,纳米材料的螺旋生长一直备受关注。在本综述中,主要采用分子动力学方法来模拟指定材料间的相互作用。模拟结果证明,石墨烯纳米带能够自发螺旋嵌入碳纳米管,亦能螺旋缠绕在碳纳米管外壁,而这一结果已被实验证实。同时,封闭的石墨烯纳米环可填充到碳纳米管空腔中形成类似DNA的双螺旋结构,亦能螺旋塌陷在碳纳米管外壁形成大螺距双层螺旋结构。模拟发现,石墨烯纳米带与石墨烯纳米环均可螺旋缠绕在金属纳米线外壁形成碳-金属壳核结构,这一机理可用于制备壳核复合结构。另外,我们论述了硅纳米粒子在碳纳米锥与碳纳米管表面的螺旋形核机制。通过相互作用机制和热力学模型的建立来进一步研究纳米材料的螺旋生长。据推断,螺旋结构具有最低的能量且具有最高的空间利用率。同时,实验证明,极性面以及螺旋位错的存在也可驱动晶体结晶过程中的螺旋生长。到目前,尽管涉及纳米材料螺旋生长的研究非常广泛,但还需要更详实的后续研究来解释螺旋生长的作用机制。     

全碳太阳能热光伏系统

太阳能热光伏发电是太阳能利用的重要途径之一。碳纳米材料具有优异的物理化学特性,因此是极具吸引力的太阳能热光伏系统材料。本文提出一种基于碳纳米材料的全碳太阳能热光伏(CSTPV)系统,竖直排列多壁碳纳米管阵列作为吸收器;堆木头结构多壁碳纳米管薄膜作为发射器。堆木头结构使发射器在两种偏振条件下都具有与光伏电池能带间隙匹配的波长选择发射率。本文结合能量平衡模型和等效电路模型建立了可靠的CSTPV系统理论模型,并对CSTPV系统进行表征。当发射器吸收器面积比为3,太阳能聚光倍数为3000时,系统效率达到最大值16.2%,比相同条件下钨发射器太阳能热光伏系统最大效率(12.4%)提高了30.6%。     

碳纳米管在银基底上的表面增强拉曼散射光谱研究(英文)

介绍了一种单壁碳纳米管表面增强拉曼散射的新方法。依据碳纳米管独特的力学性能,在银表面直接研磨单壁碳纳米管,在形成纳米级粗糙银表面的同时,单壁碳纳米管也吸附在银表面上。在银表面粗糙程度和单壁碳纳米管厚度适中的区域得到了高质量的单壁碳纳米管SERS谱。该方法消除了溶剂的干扰,保证了结果的准确性,理论分析和实验结果表明该方法是正确的、可行的     

New features in the anti‐Stokes and Stokes Raman spectra of single‐walled carbon nanotubes that are highly separated into their semiconducting and metallic nanotube components

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering studies were performed using nonresonant (514.5 nm) and resonant (676.4 nm) optical excitations on single‐walled carbon nanotubes thoroughly separated into semiconducting (pure 99%) and metallic (pure 98%) components. Regardless of the support (Au or Ag), the metallic nanotubes do not present an anomalous anti‐Stokes Raman emission. Regardless of whether an on‐resonant or off‐resonant optical excitation is used, only the semiconducting nanotubes produce an abnormal anti‐Stokes Raman emission that grows when increasing the excitation light intensity or temperature. The Raman studies under light polarized relative to the main nanotube axis demonstrate that only semiconducting nanotubes are sensitive toward changes in the polarization of the excitation light. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering studies of carbon nanotubes using Ag‐core Au‐shell nanoparticles

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering from carbon nanotube bundles adsorbed with plasmon‐tunable Ag‐core Au‐shell nanoparticles (Ag@Au nps) was carried out for the first time. By utilizing nanoparticles whose plasmon resonance peak (541, 642 nm) closely matches the commonly used Raman excitation sources (532, 632.81 nm), we can observe a large enhancement in the Raman signatures of carbon nanotubes. We obtain greater enhancement in the Raman signal for the above case when compared to nanotubes adsorbed with conventional Ag, Au or other ‘off resonant’ Ag@Au nps. The power‐dependent SERS experiment on single‐walled nanotubes (SWNTs) with resonant Ag@Au nps reveals a linear behavior between the G‐band intensity and the photon flux density, which is in agreement with the vibrational pumping model of SERS. The observed enhancement by resonance matching is pronounced for carbon nanotubes and may lead to insights into understanding nanotube–nanoparticle interaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同激发波长下单壁碳纳米管与多壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱比较

对不同激发波长下单壁和多壁碳纳米管的激光拉曼光谱进行了比较。发现单壁碳纳米管D峰强度和G峰强度的比值(ID/IG)几乎不随激发光子能量的改变而变化,多壁碳纳米管ID/IG值随着激发光子能量的增加以斜率0 3/eV减小。并对此现象进行了初步的分析。此外,还发现在1064nm激发波长下,单壁和多壁碳纳米管2500-3500cm-1之间拉曼峰的相对强度随着入射激光功率的增加而增加。     

Retracted: A comparative Raman study of graphite,single‐walled,and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes

Retraction: The following article from Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, ‘A comparative Raman study of graphite, single‐walled, and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes’, by Animesh K. Ojha and Arnulf Materny published online on 3 March 2009 in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Wolfgang Kiefer, and the publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to lack of citation or acknowledgement of third party interests in certain data included in the article.     

High-resolution near-field Raman microscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes

We present near-field Raman spectroscopy and imaging of single isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes with a spatial resolution of approximately 25 nm. The near-field origin of the image contrast is confirmed by the measured dependence of the Raman scattering signal on tip-sample distance and the unique polarization properties. The method is used to study local variations in the Raman spectrum along a single single-walled carbon nanotube.     

Micromechanical properties of poly(butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites with single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Polymer nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes (CNT) are becoming important structural materials because of their superior mechanical properties and easy processability. The objective of the work is to investigate the influence of small amounts of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), as well as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), on the microhardness of a thermoplastic polymer such as poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). The nanocomposites were obtained by introducing the CNT into the reaction mixture during the synthesis of PBT. The polymers without carbon nanotubes (reference material) and with carbon nanotubes were synthesized using an in-situ polycondensation reaction process. Weight percentages ranging from 0.01 to 0.2 wt% of the single walled and from 0.01 to 0.35 wt% of the multi-walled nanotubes were dispersed in 1,4-butanediol (BD) by ultrasonication and by ultra high speed stirring. The nanocomposites were extruded followed by injection molding. The samples were characterized by electron microscopy and microindentation hardness techniques. The variations of the micromechanical properties (indentation hardness) of the nanocomposites with nanotube content and with temperature are discussed in the light of the stress transfer between the polymer matrix and nanotubes, the degree of dispersion, the nature of the tubes and other structural parameters.     

Raman active phonons of identified semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes

The resonant Raman spectra of (n, m) semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, unambiguously identified from their electron diffraction patterns, have been measured. The diameter dependence of the frequency of the tangential modes with A symmetry has been obtained in the diameter range from 1.4 to 2.5 nm. The comparison between the excitation energies and the calculated transition energies allowed us to determine precisely the values of the Es33 and Es44 transition energies. Finally, in the debate concerning the dominant process at the origin of the first-order Raman scattering in single-walled carbon nanotubes (single resonance process or double resonance process), our results are well understood in the framework of a single resonance process.