聚乳酸共混体系的研究进展

聚乳酸是人工合成的可生物降解的热塑性脂肪族聚酯 ,是一种环境友好的材料 ,逐渐成为人们研究的热点。本文根据聚乳酸共混体系中另一组分的生物降解性 ,将聚乳酸共混体系分为完全可生物降解共混体系和部分可生物降解共混体系两类。针对体系的相容性和结晶结构以及在提高PLA的性能和降低成本等方面 .综述了聚乳酸共混体系的最新研究进展 ,并对其发展动态进行了简要介绍     

苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物的生物降解性研究

合成了一系列苯乙烯．马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)。并对共聚物的结构进行了表征。用土埋法和CO2释放法研究了共聚物的生物降解性。探讨了分子量、组成、环境等因素对生物降解性的影响,发现共聚物的分子量降低。降解率增大;共聚物中马来酸酐含量提高。降解率增大;适宜的环境有利于生物降解。     

四丁基碘化胺催化活化烯烃烷氧羰基化反应:合成异喹啉二酮衍生物

异喹啉二酮骨架是一种重要的有机合成砌块,广泛存在于生物碱、天然产物和药物中.提供了一种非金属催化构建异喹啉二酮骨架结构的新方法.机理研究表明,该反应经历了一个自由基过程:在四丁基碘化胺催化作用下,肼化合物质子被逐步攫取生成烷氧羰基自由基,随后对活化烯烃进行自由基加成反应,进一步环化形成异喹啉二酮骨架.该方法具有反应条件温和、底物普适性广、环境友好等特点,为合成含异喹啉二酮骨架分子结构提供了一种新途径.     

茂基稀土胺化物催化ε-己内酯开环聚合

聚己内酯（ＰＣＬ）是一种可生物降解的高分子材料,有良好的相溶性,可用于药物的缓释放．近年来,用稀土化合物作为单组分催化剂催化己内酯开环聚合的研究,已成为人们关注的热点．杜邦公司的ＭｃＬａｉｎ等［１,２］最早发现了单组分烷氧基稀土化合物可以在室温下催化...     

化学环境编码与分子相似度计算

分子相似度方法主要用于药物分子设计中先导化合物的选取及化合物物理、化学性质的预测,这种方法所依据的原理是：相似的化合物结构将具有相似的化学及物理性质［‘,’1．将已知具有某种性质的化合物的结构（常称为探针化合物）与诸多化合物进行比较,由此得到与之相似的化合物,这种邻近化合物有可能在分子设计中做先导化合物．近年来已报道过多种化合物相似度的计算方法,可粗略的归为以下几类：（l）结构碎片法［‘’‘j;（2）拓扑指数法卜·“;（3）量子化学方法［’,’j．本文提出一种新的化学环境编码方法,该方法有别于结构碎片…     

由烷基吡啶和喹啉同系物的保留指数推算结构参数的探讨

随着人们对化合物的色谱保留及其物化性质、结构参数间关系的研究,为色谱法推测化合物的物化性质及分子结构提供了可能性。我们曾把烷基喹啉、苯氧烷基吡啶类等同系列化合物的保留指数(I_R)与其分子量(M),分子中碳原子数(N),分子连通性指数(X)等作了关联,得到了I_R与M、N间的近似线性关系和I_R与X间的良好线性关系。本文根据该关系对15种烷基吡啶和6种烷基喹啉化合物的M、N和X进行计算,获得了较好的结果。     

可生物降解聚[(对羟基苯甲酸甲酯/甘氨酸乙酯)膦腈]的合成及其体外降解

以PCl5和NH4Cl为原料,利用一锅法制备了聚二氯膦腈,通过两步亲核取代反应,分别以甘氨酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯为亲核试剂,合成了混合取代可生物降解聚[(对羟基苯甲酸甲酯/甘氨酸乙酯)膦腈].用核磁共振波谱及红外光谱等对产物结构进行了表征.研究了甘氨酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯的比例及外界环境对所制备的聚膦腈降解性能的影响,并进行了体外降解实验.研究结果表明,通过改变甘氨酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯的比例,可获得一种降解速率可调节的生物降解膦腈聚合物.     

碳纳米材料的环境降解及其降解机制

碳纳米材料(carbon nanomaterials, CNMs)是一类具有优异物理化学特性的新型材料. CNMs在广泛应用过程中不可避免地进入环境,对环境中的生物体造成一定危害.同时,环境中的CNMs在自然条件下可能会发生降解,而降解后的CNMs由于材料结构和性质上的改变进而影响其生物毒性.因此,亟需对CNMs环境降解途径系统地进行探究和总结.本综述围绕CNMs的生物降解和非生物降解这两种主要的降解方式展开.生物降解包括酶降解、细菌降解和细胞降解,非生物降解则重点阐述了光降解和(光)化学降解这两大过程.通过系统总结降解的反应条件、降解终点、中间产物和终产物等降解特性,最终揭示了CNMs环境降解的规律和机制.此外,我们结合尚未明了的降解机制和降解的环境限制条件对CNMs降解研究中面临的挑战和发展方向进行了展望.本综述为深入理解CNMs的环境归趋和长期环境风险提供了重要的理论支持.     

乙交酯/丙交酯/己内酯三元共聚物的合成及表征

生物降解性高分子具有在生理条件下可以自行降解、最终被降解为单体或成为二氧化碳和水,从而或被机体吸收、或通过代谢途径排出体外的特性,已被广泛用作药物释放体系的载体、手术缝合线、外科手术及组织修复材料等各个方面,是当前生物医用高分子的一个重要分支．脂肪族聚酯由于具有良好生物相容性而成为最引人注意和有发展前途的一类生物降解性高分子,其中聚乙交酯（ＰＧＡ）、聚丙交酯（ＰＬＡ）及丙交酯／乙交酯共聚物（ＰＬＧＡ）是这一类聚酯中应用最为广泛的几种．Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ等［１］研究发现乙交酯（ＧＡ）和丙交酯（ＬＡ）共聚…     

一株耐盐菌的鉴定及其高盐条件下喹啉降解性能研究

从山西某焦化废水厂的活性污泥中筛选分离出一株耐盐菌株LV4,对其进行鉴定和高盐条件下的喹啉降解性能的研究。通过菌体形态和16S rDNA序列同源性分析鉴定菌株LV4归属于红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.)。耐盐菌株LV4可在盐度为4%的高盐条件下以喹啉为唯一碳氮源进行生长,并可完全降解初始浓度不高于200 mg/L的喹啉,对应的TOC降解率不低于83.26%,表明菌株LV4在高盐环境中对喹啉具有良好的矿化降解效果。单因素实验结果表明耐盐菌株LV4在高盐条件下降解喹啉的适宜温度为30℃、pH为7～8、转速为120r/min。在高盐环境中耐盐菌株LV4能同时降解喹啉和吡啶,并且吡啶的共存加速了LV4对喹啉的降解,这为高盐废水生物强化处理提供了良好的菌种资源。     

Ultrasonic and IR study of molecular association process through hydrogen bonding in ternary liquid mixtures

Complex formation in ternary liquid mixtures of heterocyclic compounds, viz. pyridine and quinoline with phenol in benzene has been studied through ultrasonic velocity measurements (at 2 MHz) in the concentration range of 0.010–0.090 at varying temperatures of 35, 45 and 55 °C. The ultrasonic velocity and density data are used to estimate adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, molar sound velocity, molar compressibility and specific acoustic impedance. These acoustical parameters, in turn, are used to study the solute–solute interactions in these systems. The ultrasonic velocity shows a maxima and adiabatic compressibility a corresponding minima as a function of concentration for these mixtures. The results indicate the possible occurrence of complex formation between unlike molecules through intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the nitrogen atom of pyridine and quinoline molecules and the hydrogen atom of phenol molecule. Further, the excess values of adiabatic compressibility and intermolecular free length have also been evaluated and discussed in relation to complex formation. The infrared spectra of both the systems, pyridine–phenol and quinoline–phenol, have been also recorded for various concentrations at room temperature (35 °C) and found to be useful for understanding the presence of N⋯HO bond complexes and the strength of molecular association at specific concentrations.     

某些含氮杂环化合物对20^#钢的缓蚀作用研究

用失重法、交流阻抗和极化曲线法研究了1mol/L HCl溶液中吡啶、喹啉及其衍生物对20~#钢的缓蚀作用。根据吡啶和喹啉在20~#钢表面上的复盖度与浓度及温度的关系,探讨了它们在20~#钢上的吸附行为,并提出了吸附模式。结果表明,吡啶和喹啉的吸附遵循Flory-Huggins吸附等温式。文中还估算了吡啶和喹啉吸附的热力学参数。     

Reaching for two new stable ambiphilic quinoline‐derived N‐heterocyclic carbenes at DFT level

A detailed investigation on the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of four carbenic tautomers of quinoline 1 , including quinoline‐2‐ylidene 2 , quinoline‐3‐ylidene 3 , quinoline‐4‐ylidene 4 , and 3,4‐dihydroquinoline‐4‐ylidene 5 , reveals that singlet planar six‐membered ring N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) 2 and 4 have less stability than Arduengo type NHC but seems to have enough conceivably for reaching at B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ//B3LYP/6–31+G* and B3LYP/6–311++G**//B3LYP/6–31+G* levels. All these six‐membered NHCs are extremely ambiphilic with the more nucleophilic and electrophilic characters compared to the Arduengo type one. The aromaticity of singlet 2 and 4 is a significant contributor to their stability which is confirmed through their Nucleus‐independent chemical shift(1)_zz values. Finally, among 2–5 , the normal NHC 2 is thermodynamically preferred but the remote NHC 4 is kinetically proffered over the other isomeric carbenes. The effects of different N‐ or C‐substituted NHCs of 2 are studied using appropriate isodesmic reactions. The trimethylsilyl substituent exhibits slightly larger carbene stabilization in quinoline‐derived NHCs than the pyridine analogue. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Competitive adsorption isotherm modelling of heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds,pyridine and quinoline,onto granular activated carbon and bagasse fly ash

In the present study, simultaneous adsorption of quinoline and pyridine onto adsorbents such as granular activated carbon (GAC) and bagasse fly ash (BFA) from pyridine–quinoline binary aqueous solution was studied at various temperatures (288–318 K). Gathered equilibrium adsorption data were further analysed using various multicomponent competitive isotherm models such as non-modified and modified competitive Langmuir isotherms, extended-Langmuir isotherm, extended-Freundlich model, Sheindorf–Rebuhn–Sheintuch (SRS) model, and non-modified and modified competitive Redlich–Peterson isotherm model. It was observed that increase in pyridine concentration decreased the total adsorption yield and the individual adsorption yield for both the quinoline and pyridine for both the adsorbents GAC and BFA at all the temperatures studied. Identical trend was observed during the equilibrium uptake of pyridine on to GAC and BFA with an increase in quinoline concentration. The extended-Freundlich model satisfactorily represented the binary adsorption equilibrium data of quinoline and pyridine onto GAC and BFA.     

介孔材料Co-MCM-41的合成及其吸附脱除各种碱性氮化物

采用水热法合成了MCM-41和不同Co/Si物质的量比的Co-MCM-41介孔材料,并采用XRD、FT-IR和低温氮气吸附-脱附方法对样品进行了表征。FT-IR及XRD表征结果说明,Co原子已经进入了介孔材料的孔壁。合成的MCM-41及Co/Si(物质的量比)为0.18以下的Co-M CM-41都具有六方有序排列的介孔结构。当加入的Co/Si(物质的量比)为0.22时,样品的(100)峰完全消失,不具备六方有序排列的介孔结构,说明以硝酸钴为钴源合成Co-MCM-41的最大Co加入量为Co/Si(物质的量比)为0.18左右。与MCM-41相比,各Co-MCM-41样品的XRD(100)峰随着Co加入量的增加逐渐变宽变弱,比表面积和孔容变小,平均孔径增大。当加入的Co/Si物质的量比大于0.06时,Co-MCM-41的介孔孔道中存在少量聚集态的Co3O4。利用合成的Co-MCM-41吸附脱除氮含量为1737.35μg/g模拟燃料中的碱性氮化物喹啉、苯胺或吡啶,结果表明,所有样品的吸附脱氮效果顺序为苯胺吡啶喹啉。Co-MCM-41(0.06)的吸附容量和氮脱除率明显要高于其他样品,对苯胺、吡啶和喹啉的吸附容量分别为42.17、35.66和29.18 mg(N)/g,去除率分别为82.38%、73.53%和61.11%。添加到模拟燃料中的芳烃化合物萘、苯或甲苯对其吸附脱氮没有影响,表明介孔材料Co-MCM-41对各种含氮化合物的吸附主要是N原子与Co的配位络合吸附,而不是π-π络合作用。采用焙烧或乙醇溶剂洗涤再生后的Co-MCM-41(0.06)恢复了吸附脱氮能力,说明其具有较好的再生性能。     

Simultaneous Determination of Quinoline and Pyridine Compounds in Gasoline and Diesel by Differential Pulse Voltammetry

The presence of trace basic organonitrogen compounds such as quinoline and pyridine in derivative petroleum fuels plays an important role in maintaining the engines of vehicles. However, these substances can contaminate the environment and so must be controlled because most of them are potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic. For these reasons, a reliable and sensitive method was developed for the determination of basic nitrogen compounds in fuel samples such as gasoline and diesel. This method utilizes preconcentration on an ion–exchange resin (Amberlyte IR–120 H) followed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on a glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical behavior of quinoline and pyridine as studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) suggests that their reduction occurs via a reversible electron transfer followed by an irreversible chemical reaction. Very well resolved diffusion‐controlled voltammetric peaks were obtained in dimethylformamide (DMF) with tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBAF₄ 0.1 mol L^?1) for quinoline (?1.95 V) and pyridine (?2.52 V) vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl_sat reference electrode. The proposed DPV method displayed a good linear response from 0.10 to 300 mg L^?1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.05 and 0.25 μg L^?1 for quinoline and pyridine, respectively. Using the method of standard additions, the simultaneous determination of quinoline and pyridine in gasoline samples yielded 25.0±0.3 and 33.0±0.7 mg L^?1 and in diesel samples yielded 80.3±0.2 and 131±0.4 mg L^?1, respectively. Spike recoveries were 94.4±0.3% and 101±0.5% for quinoline and pyridine, respectively, in the fuel determinations. This proposed method was also compared with UV‐vis spectrophotometric measurements. Results obtained for the two methods agreed well based on F and t student's tests.     

Effect of benzo annelation on the Chichibabin reaction

The kinetics of amination with sodium amide (the Chichibabin reaction) for six azines and five azoles and the kinetics of the piperidinolysis of 2-chloro-substituted azole systems were studied. The following orders of reactivities were established for the Chichibabin reaction: isoquinoline > phenanthridine > benzo[h]quinoline > benzo[f]quinoline > pyridine acridine and 1-methylbenzimidazole > 1-methylnaphth[2,3-d]imidazole > 1-methylperimidine > 1-methylnaphth[1,2-d]imidazole > 3-methylnaphth-[1,2-d]imidazole. The changes in the reactivities are explained by the changes in the hydride labilities of the corresponding complexes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp, 257–261, February, 1979.     

Functionalization of Pyridine and Quinoline Scaffolds by Using Organometallic Li-, Mg- and Zn-Reagents

This Review discusses the various methods for functionalizing pyridine and quinoline scaffolds, including direct selective metalation (DoM), halogen/metal exchange reactions, Li, Mg, and Zn insertion, and trans-metalation approaches, which are then followed by cross-coupling reactions of the Kumada or Negishi types. Selective deprotonation of aryl or pyridyl/quinolinyl derivatives can be performed using n-BuLi, LDA, and TMP-based different organolithium, -magnesium, and -zinc reagents. The functionalized pyridine and quinoline-based heterocyclic compounds were prepared by selectively deprotonating with presenting a directing functional group substituted pyridine/quinoline analogues in the presence of TMP-bases (TMP−Li, Mg, Zn reagents). Different aryl or alkyl Li, Mg, and Zn reagents with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents undergo transition metal-catalyzed C(sp²)−C(sp²) and C(sp²)−C(sp³) types of cross-coupling reactions with pyridine/quinoline halides under mild conditions with the sustainable process producing complex N-heterocycles. Using moderate and sustainable reaction conditions, sensitive functional group tolerance, and inexpensive and low toxic chemicals, highly functionalization of pyridine and quinoline-based bioactive therapeutic scaffolds and natural products was accomplished. Therefore, in this article, we provide a succinct overview of the numerous synthetic strategies and practical methods used by various authors between 2010 and 2023 to functionalize pyridine and quinoline analogues using diverse Li, Mg, and Zn organometallic reagents.     

Penicillenols from Penicillium sp. GQ-7, an endophytic fungus associated with Aegiceras corniculatum

Six new tetramic acids derivatives, penicillenols A(1), A(2), B(1), B(2), C(1), and C(2) (1-6), together with citrinin, phenol A acid, phenol A, and dihydrocitrinin, were identified from Penicillium sp. GQ-7, an endophytic fungus associated with Aegiceras corniculatum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectral analysis. All the new compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on four cell lines by the MTT method. Penicillenols A(1) and B(1) showed cytotoxicities against HL-60 cell line with IC(50) values of 0.76 microM and 3.20 microM, respectively.     

Heterogeneous reactions of solid nickel(II) complexes,III

The thermal decompositions of solid complexes of the type Ni(NCS)₂L₂ (L = pyridine,α-picoline,β-picoline, 2,6-lutidine, and quinoline) were studied by means of the derivatograph. It was found that the decompositions of complexes with pyridine,α-picoline, 2,6-lutidine, and quinoline (the pseudo-octahedral complex) are onestep processes, and those of complexes withβ-picoline and quinoline (the squareplanar complex) consist of two steps. Diffuse reflectance spectra were recorded to elucidate the structures of the decomposition intermediates. The reasons for the different stoichiometries of decomposition for complexes of the same type are discussed.