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分子探针与检测试剂 (“十五”国家重点图书出版规划项目 )张华山等编著　　 2 0 0 2年 8月出版　　定价 :4 5元本书内容丰富 ,取材新颖 ,充分反映了有机试剂基础理论研究的新进展和新成果。本书共分 12章 ,较全面系统地阐述分析化学及生物分析中的有机试剂、分子及离子荧光探针。内容包括 :光度分析中的有机显色剂、荧光试剂、发光试剂、超分子显色剂的作用原理及应用 ;离子荧光探针、分子荧光探针及其生物活性物质的测定和生命科学研究中的应用 ;高效液相色谱和气相色谱中的衍生试剂及应用。本书可供化学化工、生物技术、冶金、地质、农业…     

分离检测生物活性物质的荧光标记试剂与分子探针及其应用

作者结合自己的研究工作主要评述了用于分离检测氨基化合物（氨基酸、肽、蛋白质和生物胺等）、巯基化合物（谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸和高半胱氨酸等）及NO等生物活性物质的荧光标记试剂和荧光分子探针的近期进展和应用。除了传统的的OPA、NDA、DNS、FMOC、FITC、NBD-F、AQC、Cy5等在HPLC和CE分离荧光检测应用新进展,还介绍了许多新的荧光分子探针和标记试剂的性能和应用。它们是N－羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯荧光标记试剂,6-氧-（N-琥珀酰亚胺乙酸酯）-9-（2'-甲氧羰基）荧光素（SAMF）,1,3,5,7-四甲基-8-苯基-（4'-O-（N-琥珀酰亚胺乙酸酯））-二氟化硼-二吡咯甲烷（TMPAB-Osu,）等和3-碘乙酰胺苯嵌蒽酮荧光探针及MCY5、DSTCY、DCDSTCY和DCTCY等花菁类近红外荧光探针等。     

基于罗丹明类衍生物荧光增强的水体中Hg^2＋检测

利用一种罗丹明衍生物荧光探针的开环效应检测Hg2＋.在pH 7.0的Tris-HCl缓冲液中,Hg2＋与荧光探针结合导致罗丹明类衍生物开环,溶液颜色由无色变成粉红色,并且发射强的荧光.荧光强度与Hg2＋浓度在20~200 ng/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为4 ng/mL.实验考察了荧光探针的选择性以及温度、pH、荧光试剂浓度和盐度对Hg2＋检测的影响.结果表明该方法具有反应试剂水溶性好、选择性好和可常温检测等优点.方法应用于自来水、河水和湖水等水体中Hg2＋的检测,获得较好的回收率.     

肿瘤缺氧荧光探针的研究进展

缺氧是临床多种疾病共有的病理过程,研究缺氧的发生和发展规律,对恶性肿瘤及相关疾病的诊断具有重要的科学意义和应用价值.缺氧特异性荧光探针是指能对缺氧敏感物质进行选择性荧光检测进而评价相关体系缺氧状况的一类分析试剂,由于其检测的高灵敏性和高时空分辨能力,已成为研究热点之一.本文基于荧光探针检测肿瘤缺氧的不同反应机理,着重讨论了缺氧荧光探针的设计方法、检测机理及其生物应用,并对该类探针的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望.     

吲哚碳菁和苯并咪唑-吲哚碳菁染料的合成、物理化学性质和感光性能的研究

含有吲哚杂环的菁染料广泛地应用于各个领域,可作为荧光探针、医用检验试剂、织物染料、激光染料,更普遍的是作为光记录介质,感光材料里的添加剂.     

一种检测水合肼荧光探针的合成与应用

基于香豆素类染料,设计合成了一种具有较高选择性和灵敏度,可在生理条件(pH 7.4)下检测水合肼的荧光探针,同时利用核磁共振和高分辨质谱对探针的分子结构进行了表征。基于水合肼进攻探针分子结构中的4-丁酸酯,生成酚氧负离子,同时发生分子内环化反应后生成具有强烈荧光的亚胺香豆素,实现了探针分子对水合肼的检测。光谱学研究表明,当向探针溶液加入水合肼(0~100μmol/L)后,探针溶液在绿色光谱区域(502 nm)呈现一个显著的荧光增强响应(增强至55倍)。并且,探针可以检测相对较低浓度的水合肼,检出限为1.7×10~(-7)mol/L。此外,相对于其他阴离子和亲核试剂,探针对水合肼的识别显示出较高的选择性和灵敏度。探针成功实现了细胞内水合肼的荧光成像,证明其在细胞成像中具有潜在的应用能力。     

激光二极管泵浦激光诱导荧光检测装置的研究

基于共聚焦光学结构,以发射波长532nm的二极管泵浦固体激光器为激发光源研制了一小型荧光检测器;以罗丹明B为荧光试剂,柱上检测模式评价了该检测体系,焦宁Y为背景荧光探针间接检测了无机金属离子,结果表明该系统具有体积小、成本低、高灵敏度和易操作等优点。     

DNA探针技术及其在生物分析化学上的应用

DNA探针广泛应用于基因工程、分子生物学研究及医学检验等领域,它在生物分析化学上的意义日益受到人们重视。DNA 探针的化学标记分为放射性核素标记和非放射性标记两类。非放射性标记物,主要包括酶、荧光和化学发光试剂以及半抗原物质。检测标记物可以利用习见的分析化学手段。从 DNA 探针技术的发展前景看,化学工作者在该领域是可以大有作为的。     

一种罗丹明类Cu~(2+)荧光探针化合物的合成及性能研究

以罗丹明B、水合肼和咔唑为原料,合成了一种新型的荧光增强型Cu2+荧光探针,即4-(N-咔唑基)苯亚甲基罗丹明B腙(CPMRH)。用FTIR、1H NMR和13C NMR对其分子结构进行了表征,并通过荧光光谱对探针的识别性能进行了研究。研究结果表明:探针CPMRH对水溶液中的Cu2+具有良好的选择识别性,且基本不受其他金属离子的影响;探针与Cu2+络合显示粉红色,可以作为一种裸眼检测的试剂用于溶液中Cu2+的检测;当λex=520 nm时,Cu2+水溶液与探针作用可显示橙红色荧光。且Cu2+浓度在1×10-5-5×10-5mol·L-1的范围内,探针的荧光强度与Cu2+浓度呈现出较好的线性关系;Cu2+的最低检出限为5.25×10-7mol·L-1;Job’s曲线表明,探针CPMRH与Cu2+的络合比为1∶1。     

近红外荧光探针及其在生物分析中的应用进展

本文评述了自1999年以来近红外荧光探针和标记试剂及其在生物分析中的应用进展。包括:菁染料、噻嗪和噁嗪染料、含四吡咯基团染料(酞菁和卟啉)、罗丹明类、BODIPY、稀土离子配合物和量子点等。描述了它们在荧光测定和毛细管分离荧光检测以及免疫荧光分析方面的应用。引用文献75篇。     

新型荧光素类细胞钙离子荧光探针Fluo-Cl的设计、合成及表征

设计合成了一种新型荧光素类细胞钙离子荧光探针, 并对其结构及光谱特性进行了表征.     

Environmentally Sensitive Color-Shifting Fluorophores for Bioimaging

We introduce color-shifting fluorophores that reversibly switch between a green and red fluorescent form through intramolecular spirocyclization. The equilibrium of the spirocyclization is environmentally sensitive and can be directly measured by determining the ratio of red to green fluorescence, thereby enabling the generation of ratiometric fluorescent probes and biosensors. Specifically, we developed a ratiometric biosensor for imaging calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in living cells, ratiometric probes for different proteins, and a bioassay for the quantification of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.     

Design and Applications of Small Molecular Probes for Calcium Detection

The physiological significance of calcium ions such as the role in cellular signalling, cell growth, etc. have driven the development of methods to detect and monitor the level of Ca²⁺ ions, both in vivo and in vitro. Although various approaches for the detection of calcium ions have been reported, methods based on small molecular fluorescent probes have unique advantages including small probe size, easy monitoring of detection processes and applicability in biological systems. In this review article, we will discuss the progress in the development of Ca²⁺‐binding fluorescent probes by taking into account the types of chelating groups that have been employed for Ca²⁺ binding.     

New Ca2+ fluoroionophores based on the BODIPY fluorophore

Calcium (Ca(2+)) fluoroionophores are useful in cell-based functional assays of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activation or ion channel modulation. In this paper we describe new calcium probes that improve or overcome certain deficiencies in existing probes. These new fluoroionophores are based on acylation of amino-BAPTA [BAPTA = glycine, N,N'-(1,2-ethanediyl-bis(oxy-2,1-phenylene)) bis(N-(carboxymethyl))] with fluorescent BODIPY(R) propionates [BODIPY = 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl- 4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene]. The resulting probes show high affinity to aqueous calcium solutions, and respond to calcium binding with significant fluorescence increases. The BODIPY fluorophores are uncharged and their fluorescence is pH-insensitive. The wide range of excitation/emission wavelength choices available within the BODIPY fluorophore series allows several different colors of new calcium indicators to be prepared. Cell permeable versions respond well with increasing fluorescence intensities in live cells after calcium influx.     

手术导航用荧光探针

荧光成像技术因具有操作简便、分辨率高、安全性好且可实时成像等优势,在术中导航中具有广阔的应用前景。虽然目前还没有靶向荧光探针在临床上得到批准,但已经有相当一部分荧光探针进入了临床试验阶段。最早进入临床试验的是一些偶联肿瘤靶向配体的荧光染料,例如近红外菁染料(IRDye800CW)标记的肿瘤特异抗体,叶酸标记的异硫氰酸荧光素(EC17)等。近来,结构更复杂的荧光探针如酶反应激活型探针和PET/荧光双模态探针也逐步进入临床试验。本文依据近年来手术导航用荧光探针的最新研究进展,分别就受体介导的靶向荧光探针、可激活型靶向荧光探针、近红外二区(NIR-Ⅱ)荧光探针、多模态荧光探针和诊疗一体化探针进行了分类讨论,重点对正在进行临床研究及具有临床转化前景的荧光探针的分子设计原理进行了分析与总结,并对手术导航用荧光探针未来的发展进行了展望。     

Evidence for lipids-calcium ions interactions using fluorescent probing in paediatric nutrition admixtures

The aim of this work was to envisage a new analytical fluorescent method to study the molecular interactions between cations and negatively charged lipid droplets contained in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) admixtures. For this purpose, two fluorescent probes were tested: 9-diethylamino-5H-benzo[alpha]phenoxazine-5-one, commonly named nile red (NR), and 2-(p-toluidinyl)-naphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS). NR, a neutral molecule, and TNS, an anionic one, are both polarity probes. Their fluorescence emission was enhanced in an apolar environment. They were used at 1 and 2.5 muM, respectively. Results showed that scattered light was very intense in weak aqueous dilution (1/10 vv(-1)) of fat emulsion and appeared as an experimental constraint. The sensitivity of fluorescence measurement in fat emulsion samples was constantly higher for NR than for TNS. When calcium addition occurs, as in pharmaceutical practice, a dramatic increase of fluorescence emission signal was showed for TNS, but no effect was observed for NR. As a conclusion, it was pointed out that the interactions between lipid droplets and calcium ions were likely to take place at the interface of the droplet and that TNS was a more appropriate probe than NR to prove it. Thus, fluorescent probing appeared to be a convenient new analytical tool for the investigation of lipid-cations interactions in TPN mixtures.     

Polymer vesicles as microreactors for bioinspired calcium carbonate precipitation

Giant polymer vesicles made by electroformation have been shown to encapsulate salts up to concentrations of about 10 mM. The impermeability of these "polymersomes" to calcium ions is demonstrated by the use of fluorescent probes dedicated to calcium analysis. Permeability to calcium ions can be triggered by the addition of calcimycin, an ionophore molecule that is able to transport cations selectively through the membrane. As a result, we show that the mineralization of calcium carbonate can be induced within the polymersomes, which were previously loaded with carbonate ions. This is a further step toward the use of polymersomes as microreactors and the study of mineralization schemes, including biomimetic ones, in confined environments.     

Cellular Detection of a Mitochondria Targeted Brominated Vinyl Triphenylamine Optical Probe (TP−Br) by X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy

Triphenylamine (TP) derivatives such as two-branch cationic vinylbenzimidazolium triphenylamine TP−2Bzim are promising turn-on fluorescent probes suitable for two-photon imaging, labelling mitochondria in live cells. Here, we designed two TP−2Bzim derivatives as bimodal probes suitable for X-ray fluorescence imaging. The conjugation of the TP core with a rhenium tricarbonyl moiety in the TP−RePyta probe altered the localisation in live cells from mitochondria to lysosomes. The introduction of bromine on the TP core generated the TP−Br probe retaining good photophysical properties and mitochondria labelling in live cells. The influence of calcium channels in the uptake of TP−Br was studied. Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence (SXRF) imaging of bromine enabled the detection of TP−Br and suggested a negligible presence of the probe in an unbound state in the incubated cells, a crucial point in the development of these probes. This study paves the way towards the development of TP probes as specific organelle stainers suitable for SXRF imaging.     

Two-photon fluorescent probes for long-term imaging of calcium waves in live tissue

2-Acetyl-6-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-derived two-photon fluorescent Ca2+ probes (ACa1-ACa3) are reported. They can be excited by a 780 nm laser beam, show 23-50-fold enhancement in one- and two-photon excited fluorescence in response to Ca2+, emit fourfold stronger two-photon excited fluorescence than Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1 upon complexation with Ca2+, and can selectively detect intracellular free Ca2+ ions in live cells and living tissues with minimum interference from other metal ions and membrane-bound probes. Moreover, these probes are capable of monitoring calcium waves at a depth of 120-170 microm in live tissues for 1100-4000 s using two-photon microscopy with no artifacts of photobleaching.     

Small molecule fluorescent probes of protein vicinal dithiols

The vicinal dithiol motif is widely present in proteins, and is critical for proteins' structures and functions.In recent years, a variety of fluorescent probes with high specificity and outstanding optical properties for sensing protein vicinal dithiols have been developed. In this review, we summarized the fluorescent probes of protein vicinal dithiols in literature. These probes are classified into four types based on their acceptor sites, i.e., biarsenical probes, monoarsenical probes, dimaleimide probes and diacrylate probes.Through analyzing the properties of different probes, we expect that this review would help readers further understand the structural factors of these probes and provide the design strategy for novel fluorescent probes with improved properties.