电流变液中粒子成链机理的理论模型

建立了一理论模型用来解释在电场作用下电流变液中粒子集束成链的机理。通过假设在成链过程中释放的电磁能等于由于粘性流体而导致的能量耗散,建立了控制链长大的微分方程。基于这样的能量方程,可以预报成链的速度及电流变液的响应时间。该模型也预报了电场强度温度,以及诸如微粒的含量,介电常数等微结构参数对电流变液响应的影响。     

微极性多组分多孔介质材料的混合物理论

将描述多组分系统的复合混合物理论与微极性连续介质力学理论相结合,建立了描述微极性多组分多孔介质材料的混合物理论.假定系统由多组分的微极性弹性固体和多组分微极性粘性流体组成.给出由混合物理论建立的系统的平衡方程.依据热力学第二定律以及本构假设建立了系统的本构方程,并使场方程闭合.为考虑固相的压缩性,在液相自由能函数中引入液相体积分数作为内变量,得到动力相容条件,用以限制固、液两相界面压力差的变化.最后,基于线性化理论得到线性化的本构方程和场方程,建立了考虑介质微极性的热-水力-力学组分输运模型.此理论框架可以运用到可变形多孔介质中污染物、药物以及农药输运等问题中,所得到的微极性多组分多孔介质系统的闭合场方程经退化后,可变为固、流相都为单一组分的多孔介质系统场方程,它与Eringen得到的结果一致.     

各向异性静态电磁场的本征理论

在物理表象的规范空间下研究了静电磁场方程,推导出了一阶模态形式的各向异性介质静电磁场的基本求解方程,从而得到了如下的理论结论:各向同性介质电或磁场为标量场;各向异性介质电或磁场则为失量场,其大小和方向与介质的异性子空间有关.以电各向异性介质为例,具体讨论了各向异性电场的规律.     

积分形式非局部本构关系的界带分析方法

基于Hamilton体系研究了Eringen的非局部线弹性本构关系.Eringen的非局部线弹性理论存在积分型和微分型两类本构关系.由于方程的形式简单,目前多采用微分型本构;而积分型本构方程是典型的积分-微分方程,数值求解较为困难.在分析结构力学中提出的界带分析方法,成功求解了时间滞后问题的积分-微分方程.根据分析动力学与分析结构力学的模拟关系,将界带分析方法引入到非局部理论的积分型本构方程,可以实现积分-微分方程的数值求解.通过杆件的振动分析算例验证了该套理论算法的准确性和可行性,也指出了辛体系算法在非局部力学问题中的潜力.     

电场驱动直射流的动量方程

给出了电场驱动直射流的一维动量守恒方程．该方程是用应力分量表示的,适用于任何流体本构关系,只要流体是不可压缩的．结果显示,为了使方程封闭,需要沿轴向和径向两个方向的本构关系．然而,当附加应力张量的迹为0时,只需要沿轴向的一个本构关系就足够了．还发现,射流的第二主应力差的零阶近似总为0．与其他类型的动量方程做了比较．     

有限变形热粘弹性本构关系的内变量理论 *

基于非平衡态热力学理论 ,提出了一个新的有限变形热粘弹性本构关系 .在定容比热为常数的条件下 ,给出了热学效应和力学效应之间具有解耦形式的自由能表达式 .通过对固体高聚物细观变形机制的分析 ,引进了相应的内变量 ,并在此基础上建立了计及温度效应的有限变形粘弹性本构关系的内变量理论 .此外 ,还推导了参考构形中分子网络具有随机取向分布时本构关系的具体表达式 .讨论了温度变化对松弛时间的影响 .将自由能展开为内变量二次式的粘弹性本构理论仅仅是一种线性化近似 .     

电流变阀外置的汽车双筒液力减振器外特性的反求

阐述了新型电流变液体汽车减振器——电流变阀外置的双筒液力汽车减振器的工作原理 ,建立了它的理论模型 .描述了新型电流变液体汽车减振器阻尼力与电场之间的关系 .减振器的示功试验证明了理论分析的正确性 .本文以试验数据为依据 ,采用矩阵理论 ,用 MATLAB软件对电流变液体减振器的外特性进行了反求 ,得出了电流变液体减振器外特性对试验数据的最佳拟合曲线及公式 ,为汽车电流变液体减振器半主动悬架的设计奠定了基础 .具有重要的指导意义 .     

Oldroyd-B流体在孔隙壁面残余油上的作用力分析

为了分析计算粘弹性流体驱替残余油的微尺度力,从水动力学角度探索非牛顿流体的流变特性,选取Oldroyd-B本构方程来模拟粘弹性流体,并结合连续性方程和运动方程得到了粘弹性流体在微孔道中的流动方程,利用边界条件计算得到流动的流场,结合应力张量理论,计算出粘弹性流体作用在残余油上的法向偏应力和水平应力差,计算结果表明:沿流动方向,粘弹性流体的弹性越大,法向偏应力越大;垂直于流动方向,法向偏应力近似对称分布;随着粘弹性流体的弹性变化,水平应力差的变化趋势发生了变化,威森伯格数We越大,残余油所受的水平应力差先逐渐增加,达到峰值后降低,这种趋势更有利于残余油的变形,为下一步分析残余油的变形,并从主体上分离奠定了基础.     

A Complex Mode Method for Wind-Induced Responses of 6-Parameter Practical Viscoelastic Damping Energy Dissipation Structures Based on the Davenport Wind Speed Spectrum北大核心CSCD

针对六参数实用黏弹性阻尼耗能结构,基于Davenport风速谱系列响应问题进行了系统的研究.首先,利用六参数黏弹性阻尼器的微分型本构关系,建立了耗能结构基于Davenport风速谱激励下的运动方程;然后,运用复模态法将耗能结构的运动方程由二阶微分方程转化为一阶方程,获得了耗能结构系统对风振激励响应的频域解和功率谱密度函数表达式;最后,利用数学恒等式,基于随机振动理论获得了耗能结构系统在Davenport风速谱激励下的响应和阻尼器受力的解析解.该文方法不仅考虑了结构系统在风振激励作用下全振型展开的结果,表达式较现有结果更为简便,效率及精度更高,且适用于非经典阻尼结构.     

基于等效滑移与潜在硬化机制的多晶金属亚宏观弹塑性模型

将多晶材料中晶片之间与晶粒界面上的滑移作为消耗塑性功的主要物理机制,提出一个由亚宏观滑移系作为耗能构元的材料模型,并用功共轭方法得到了亚宏观滑移系的等效滑移剪切率.重新给出了滑移系自身运动硬化、潜在硬化及Bauscninger效应的力学描述,导出了本构方程.在探讨材料性质参数对后继屈服面形状及尺寸变化影响的基础上,论述了模型的基本性质.与以晶粒为基本构元的多晶体自洽理论比较,所得到的本构方程具有简洁的数学表达,而且能精确有效地预测多晶金属材料在复杂加载条件下的宏观弹塑性力学行为.     

Influence of an electric field on the rheological behavior of a dilute suspension of dipolar dumbbells in a viscoelastic oldroyd liquid

Conclusions 1. Rheological equations of state of a dilute suspension of dipolar dumbbels in a viscoelastic Oldroyd liquid have been obtained for a stationary orientation of suspended particles in steady flows and electric fields.2. Study of the rheological properties of such a medium in simple shear flow in the presence of an electric field, the intensity vector of which lies in the shear plane and is perpendicular to the velocity vector, has shown that the medium examined conducts itself as a viscoelastic liquid. This is the result of both the viscoelastic properties of the dispersion medium and the orientation of the suspended particles under the action of frictional forces and the electric field. The effective viscosity of the suspension and difference in normal stresses resulting from the presence of the suspended particles are greater if one does not take the elastic properties of the dispersion medium into account.T. G. Shevchenko Kiev State University. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 3, pp. 519–524, May–June, 1978.     

A model of weak viscoelastic nematodynamics

The paper develops a continuum theory of weak viscoelastic nematodynamics of Maxwell type. It can describe the molecular elasticity effects in mono-domain flows of liquid crystalline polymers as well as the viscoelastic effects in suspensions of uniaxially symmetric particles in polymer fluids. Along with viscoelastic and nematic kinematics, the theory employs a general form of weakly elastic thermodynamic potential and the Leslie–Ericksen–Parodi type constitutive equations for viscous nematic liquids, while ignoring inertia effects and the Frank (orientation) elasticity in liquid crystal polymers. In general case, even the simplest Maxwell model has many basic parameters. Nevertheless, recently discovered algebraic properties of nematic operations reveal a general structure of the theory and present it in a simple form. It is shown that the evolution equation for director is also viscoelastic. An example of magnetization exemplifies the action of non-symmetric stresses. When the magnetic field is absent, the theory is reduced to the symmetric, fluid mechanical case with relaxation properties for both the stress and director. Our recent analyses of elastic and viscous soft deformation modes are also extended to the viscoelastic case. The occurrence of possible soft modes minimizes both the free energy and dissipation, and also significantly decreases the number of material parameters. In symmetric linear case, the theory is explicitly presented in terms of anisotropic linear memory functionals. Several analytical results demonstrate a rich behavior predicted by the developed model for steady and unsteady flows in simple shearing and simple elongation.     

A model of weak viscoelastic nematodynamics

The paper develops a continuum theory of weak viscoelastic nematodynamics of Maxwell type. It can describe the molecular elasticity effects in mono-domain flows of liquid crystalline polymers as well as the viscoelastic effects in suspensions of uniaxially symmetric particles in polymer fluids. Along with viscoelastic and nematic kinematics, the theory employs a general form of weakly elastic thermodynamic potential and the Leslie–Ericksen–Parodi type constitutive equations for viscous nematic liquids, while ignoring inertia effects and the Frank (orientation) elasticity in liquid crystal polymers. In general case, even the simplest Maxwell model has many basic parameters. Nevertheless, recently discovered algebraic properties of nematic operations reveal a general structure of the theory and present it in a simple form. It is shown that the evolution equation for director is also viscoelastic. An example of magnetization exemplifies the action of non-symmetric stresses. When the magnetic field is absent, the theory is reduced to the symmetric, fluid mechanical case with relaxation properties for both the stress and director. Our recent analyses of elastic and viscous soft deformation modes are also extended to the viscoelastic case. The occurrence of possible soft modes minimizes both the free energy and dissipation, and also significantly decreases the number of material parameters. In symmetric linear case, the theory is explicitly presented in terms of anisotropic linear memory functionals. Several analytical results demonstrate a rich behavior predicted by the developed model for steady and unsteady flows in simple shearing and simple elongation.     

Decay of the two-species Vlasov–Poisson–Boltzmann system

We establish the time decay rates of the solution to the Cauchy problem for the two-species Vlasov–Poisson–Boltzmann system near Maxwellians via a refined pure energy method. The total density of two species of particles decays at the optimal algebraic rate as the Boltzmann equation, but the disparity between two species and the electric field decay at an exponential rate. This phenomenon reveals the essential difference when compared to the one-species Vlasov–Poisson–Boltzmann system or the Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations in which the electric field decays at the optimal algebraic rate, and compared to the Vlasov–Boltzmann system in which the disparity between two species decays at the optimal algebraic rate. Our achievement heavily relies on a reformulation of the problem which well displays the cancelation property of the two-species system, and our proof is based on a family of scaled energy estimates with minimum derivative counts and interpolations among them without linear decay analysis.     

Extended thermodynamics—a theory of symmetric hyperbolic field equations

Extended thermodynamics is based on a set of equations of balance which are supplemented by local and instantaneous constitutive equations so that the field equations are quasi-linear differential equations of first order. If the constitutive functions are subject to the requirements of the entropy principle, one may write them in symmetric hyperbolic form by a suitable choice of fields. The kinetic theory of gases, or the moment theories based on the Boltzmann equation, provide an explicit example for extended thermodynamics. The theory proves its usefulness and practicality in the successful treatment of light scattering in rarefied gases. It would seem that extended thermodynamics is worthy of the attention of mathematicians. It may offer them a non-trivial field of study concerning hyperbolic equations, if ever they get tired of the Burgers equation. Dedicated to Jürgen Sprekels on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

On a Conducting Electromagnetic Medium

In this article we consider a linear electromagnetic material characterized by a rate-type equation for the electric conduction in order to consider memory effects for this field. After deriving the restrictions imposed by the thermodynamic principles on the constitutive equations, we introduce the free energy useful to show the existence of a domain of dependence. Then, theorems of existence and uniqueness of weak and strong solutions are established for the initial-boundary value problem for the system of Maxwell's equations. Finally, we give an energy estimate.     

Existence and global bounds for a fluid model of plasma display technology

This article considers the fluid model for the discharge of plasma particle species in display technology. The fluid equations are coupled with Poisson's equation, which describes the effect of the charged particles on the electric field. The diffusion and mobility coefficients for the positive ion particles depend on the electric field, while those for the electrons depend on the electron mean energy. The reaction rates are proportional to the products of the densities of the reacting particles involved in the particular ionization, conversion or recombination reactions. Moreover, the ionization coefficients are dependent on the electric field, which varies spatially and temporally. The main ionization and discharge reactions are described by an initial-boundary value problem for a system of coupled parabolic–elliptic partial differential equations. The system is first analyzed by upper–lower solution method. By means of the a priori bounds obtained for an arbitrary time, the existence of solution for the initial-boundary value problem is proved in an appropriate Hölder space.     

Features of the Formation of Composite Materials in Anisotropic Liquid Systems with Elongated Suspended Particles

The equations of rotational motion of nondeformable spherical and axisymmetric elongated particles and a rheologic equation for stresses in arbitrary gradient flows of dilute suspensions of such particles in an anisotropic carrying fluid are obtained within the framework of a structural-phenomenological approach. As a rheologic model of the suspension-carrying fluid and a hydrodynamic model of the suspended particles, we use the Ericksen simple anisotropic fluid and a symmetric triaxial dumbbell, respectively. The constitutive equations obtained are used to study the effect of anisotropy of the carrying fluid on the dynamics of suspended particles and on the rheologic properties of suspensions in a simple shear flow. A stationary orientation of the elongated suspended particles under the action of hydrodynamic forces is discovered. The possibility of applying this phenomenon to the formation of composite materials is discussed.     

非饱和土本构关系的混合物理论(Ⅰ)——非线性本构方程和场方程

以混合物理论为基础建立了非饱和土非线性本构方程和场方程.把非饱和土作为3种组分构成的饱和混合物来研究.首先根据土力学成果提出了非饱和土混合物的基本假设,推导出适用于非饱和土混合物的熵不等式;然后采用混合物理论处理本构问题的常规方法得出了非饱和土非线性本构方程;最后把非线性本构方程代入混合物组分动量守恒定律,获得了非饱和土各组分运动的非线性场方程;并且给出了非饱和土混合物的能量守恒方程,从而形成了解决非饱和土混合物热力学过程的完备方程组.