表面化学镀对贮氢合金MmNi3.8Co0.5Mn0.4Al0.3性能的影响

在贮氢合金ＭｍＮｉ３．８Ｃｏ０．５Ｍｎ０．４Ａｌ０．３（Ｍｍ为混合希土）粉末表面分别进行化学镀Ｃｕ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ－Ｓｎ，Ｎｉ－Ｗ。结果表明不同化学镀对合金贮氢性能有很大影响。     

富镧混合稀土贮氢合金分离氢中Kr,Xe性能的研究

叙述Ｍ１Ｎｉ４．５Ａｌ０．５贮氢合金分离氢中氪、氙的基本原理，分了分离时氢中氪、浓度与分离温度的关系。结果表明，当Ｔ为２９８Ｋ时，贮氢合金Ｎ１Ｎｉ４．５Ａｌ０．５与ＴｉＦｅ０．８６Ｍｎ０．１的分离性能基本相似，分离浓度与放氢体积符合Ｎ＝ａｅ＾－ｂｒ方程。     

La1-xNdx(NiCoMnAl)5贮氢合金性能研究

研究了不同ｘ值的Ｌａ１－ｘＮｄｘ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＡｌ）５合金的晶格常数、氢平衡压力、放电容量及大电流放电性能。测定结果表明，合金晶胞体积随ｘ值增加呈线性关系减小；当ｘ＝０２时，电极容量达到最大值，而氢平衡压力最低。     

MnNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3合金吸氢过程动力学研究

在２２－６０℃范围内研究了贮氢合金ＭｎＮｉ３．５５Ｃｏ０．７５Ｍｎ０．４４Ａｌ０．３（Ｍｎ为富铈混合稀土金属）在ａ和α＋β相区恒温吸氢动力学过程。研究结果表明，合金在α相区吸氢受化学反应控速，动力学规律不受氢初压的影响，在整个α＋β相区吸氢过程中，受氢在合金氢物中的扩散控速，得到相应的速率方程和表观活化能。     

MlNi5-xSnx合金贮氢性能研究

研究了富镧混合稀土贮氢合金ＭｌＮｉ５ 及加Ｓｎ 后对合金的结构、活化性能、吸氢容量和平衡氢压等性能的影响。通过Ｘ 射线衍射分析进行物相分析， 测试了２９８ ，３１３，３３３ Ｋ 温度下合金的吸、放氢ＰＣＴ曲线。结果表明，ＭｌＮｉ５ － ｘＳｎｘ 合金（ｘ＝０ ～０．４） 为六方晶体结构的单相组织。以Ｓｎ 部分取代Ｎｉ 改善了ＭｌＮｉ５ 的活化特性， 并使平台压力降低， 吸、放氢滞后减小。随着Ｓｎ 含量增加， 晶胞体积增大， 平衡氢压降低， 生成热减小， 氢化物稳定性提高。而少量的Ｓｎ 对吸氢能力降低较小， 是理想的替代元素。     

MINi5—xSnx合金贮氢性能研究

研究了富镧混合稀土贮氢合金ＭＩＮｉ５及加Ｓｎ后对合金的结构、活化性能、吸氢容量和平衡氢压等性能的影响。通过Ｘ射线衍射分析进行物相分析,测试了２９８,３１３,３３３Ｋ温度下合金的吸、放氢Ｐ－Ｃ－Ｔ曲线。结果表明,ＭＩＮｉ５－ｘＳｎｘ合金（ｘ＝０～０．４）为六言晶体结构的单相组织。以Ｓｎ部分取代Ｎｉ改善了ＭＩＮｉ５的活化特性,并使平台压力降低、吸、放氢滞后减小。随着Ｓｎ含量增加,晶胞体积增大,平衡氢压     

掺硅MlNi5系稀土贮氢合金电化学性能

对ＭｌＮｉ３．５Ｃｏ０．７５－ｘＳｉｘＡｌ０．２Ｍｎ０．５５的显微组织结构及电化学性能进行了系统的研究。当ｘ＝０．１,０．２时,合金的放电容量较大、活化速度快、大电流放电容量较高、放电电压稳定。Ｘ射线分析和扫描电镜观察表明该系合金由ＬａＮｉ３与Ｌａ２Ｎｉ７两相组成,且随Ｓｉ含量的提高,非贮氢相ＬａＮｉ７相增加。     

汽车氢化物空调机用贮氢合金的研究

针对汽车发动机尾气废热为驱动热源的应用要求，研究了一对新的稀土系贮氢合金对Ｌａ０．６Ｍｌ０．４Ｎｉ４．７Ｃｒ０．８－Ｌａ０．２Ｍｍ０．８Ｎｉ４．３５Ｆｅ０．６５。该合金对在１５０～２５０℃／３５～４５℃／１５～２０℃工作温度下做制冷循环时，最大工作氢容量为４．５Ｈ／ｍｏｌＭ，理论特性系数ＣＯＰｃ为０．７４，可基本满足氢化物空调机应用要求。     

含锡AB5型非化学计量贮氢合金Ⅱ.电化学性能

研究了几种ＡＢ５非化学计量贮氢合金的电化学性能,及在低电流密度与电高流密度放电下了代元素对放电比容量、活化性能及循环寿命的影响。Ｓｎ,Ｃｏ,Ｍｎ的加入有利于提高合金的电化学氢容量,Ｌａ（ＮｉＳｎ）５．１４,Ｌａ（ＮｉＳｎＣｏ）５．１２和（ＮｉＳｎＭｎ）５．１２具有相同的电化学贮氢容量与活性特性。尽管Ｌａ（ＮｉＳｎ）５．１４大电流电性能优于Ｌａ（ＮｉＳｎＣｏ）５．１２和Ｌａ（ＮｉＳｎＭｎ）５．１２,     

CO2在Cu-Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂上的吸附与反应

采用表面反应改性法,制备了ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２（ＺｒＳｉＯ）表面复合物,用等体积浸渍法制备了ＺｒＳｉＯ担载的Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ双金属催化剂,用ＩＲ和ＴＰＤ技术,研究了ＣＯ２在其表面上的化学吸附与反应性能。实验结果表明：在Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ／ＺｒＳｉＯ催化剂ＣＯ２可形成线式吸附态、剪式吸附态和卧式吸附态;催化剂表面金属位Ｍ上的剪式吸附态ＣＯ２可与邻近的ｌｅｗｉｓ酸位Ｚｒ＾ｎ＋作用,形成ＣＯ２卧式吸附态Ｍ－（ＣＯ）－     

Catalytic properties of massive iron-subgroup metals in dichloroethane decomposition into carbon products

The formation of nanocarbon materials on massive nickel, nichrome, and some other alloys via the carbide cycle mechanism is reported using 1,2-dichloroethane decomposition as an example. The role of the physical stage of the carbide cycle is elucidated, and massive metal surface activation methods ensuring the realization of this stage are considered. The surface layer of massive nickel or some nickel alloys is most effectively activated by the action of chlorine resulting from the catalytic decomposition of 1,2-dichloroethane. It has been demonstrated by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy that the activation of the massive metal surface in 1,2-dichloroethane decomposition to nanocarbon is due to the surface undergoing crystal chemical restructuring. The microstructuring of the surface yields fine Ni particles similar in size (0.2–0.3 μm) and shape, whose FMR spectra are anisotropic and have similar magnetic resonance parameters. Both chlorine-free and chlorinated hydrocarbons decompose over these particles via the carbide cycle mechanism. It is demonstrated that it is possible to design catalytic reactors packed with massive nickel or its alloy. The nanocarbon material obtained in such a reactor will not be contaminated by components of conventional catalyst supports (Al, Mg, etc.). The stable performance temperature of the catalyst will be increased, and this will allow the equilibrium outlet methane concentration to be reduced.     

化学镀镍诱发过程的研究 II.用电子能谱研究诱发过程

In the previous paper, it was reported that a sudden decrease down to -0.6V and lower in stationary potential was observed from the stationary potential-time curve and the reaction of electroless nickeling could be induced by metallic iron catalyst when it was in contact with substrate metallic copper. In this paper, AES and XPS surface analysis and depth profile technique was employed to investigate the surface and depth distribution of Ni, Cu, Fe and P in the nickel coating deposited on the substrate metal. The experimental results showed that there was a thin adsorption layer consisting of C, S and Cl. The pure electroless nickel deposition, its Ni/P ratio being about two, existed under the adsorption layer. A layer with rapidly changed Ni/P ratio occurred close to the surface of substrate metal, under this layer the substrate metal was alloyed with Ni and P, thus becoming Cu-Ni-P alloy. The ratio of components in this alloy was found to be Cu:Ni:P=56:36:5. This fact explained why the electroless nickel deposition can preferably adhered to the substrate metal. In inducing process, Fe was not detected by AES from the substrate metal and nickel deposition. Thus it showed that the inducing reaction takes place without the deposition of inducing metal.     

Cathodic Hydrogen Evolution on Nickel in Acidic Environment

Cathodic hydrogen evolution on polycrystalline nickel with differently prepared surfaces and on individual faces of single-crystal nickel is studied. It is established that the hydrogen overvoltage on nickel in acid media considerably depends on the surface preparation technique. In some cases, the difference in the hydrogen overvoltage cannot be explained by different roughness of electrodes. The absorption of atomic hydrogen in a surface layer may substantially alter electrocatalytic properties of both polycrystalline and single-crystal nickel.     

Performance evaluation of nickel as anode catalyst for DMFC in acidic and alkaline medium

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) research is highly focused due to its high energy density, portability and inexpensive. In the present study conventional platinum catalyst used for methanol oxidation is being replaced with nickel catalyst supported over nickel mesh. The electrode is synthesized by single step electro deposition technique. Synthesized electrode was characterized by SEM, EDAX and AFM techniques to know the surface morphology, composition and thickness of the catalyst respectively. The electro catalytic behavior of the nickel for methanol oxidation was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry technique. As the DMFC is compatible with both the acidic and alkaline electrolytes the working of the nickel mesh electrode is analyzed in both media. The results showed maximum current density of 0.025 and 0.030 A/cm² in alkaline and acidic medium respectively with less potential around 0.4 and 0.2 V. The other parameters such as varying the concentration of methanol, electrolyte medium, scan rate and thickness of the catalytic layer were analyzed and optimized.     

Electrochemical detection of amino acids at carbon nanotube and nickel-carbon nanotube modified electrodes

The oxidation and enhanced detection of traditionally 'non-electroactive' amino acids at a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) surface and at a nickel hydroxide film electrochemically deposited and generated upon the SWNT layer is reported. Different CNT are compared, with Nafion-dispersed SWNT offering the most favorable layer for constant-potential amperometric detection. Factors affecting the oxidation process, including the pH or applied potential, are assessed. The response of the SWNT-Nafion coated electrode compares favorably with that of copper and nickel disk electrodes under flow injection analysis (FIA) conditions. The electrodeposition of nickel onto the SWNT-Nafion layer (Ni-CNT) led to a dramatic enhancement of the analytical response (vs. that observed at the SWNT or nickel electrodes alone). The oxidative process at the Ni(OH)(2) layer has been studied and the increase in sensitivity rationalized. In the presence of amino acid the Ni-CNT layer undergoes an electrocatalytic process in which the amino acid reduces the newly formed NiO(OH) species. Furthermore, the attractive response of both the CNT and Ni-CNT layers has allowed these electrodes to be used for constant-potential FIA of various amino acids and indicates great promise for monitoring chromatographic effluents. Once again an improved signal was observed at the Ni-CNT electrode compared to nickel deposited upon a bare glassy carbon electrode (Ni-GC).     

锂离子二次电池碳负极材料的改性

作为锂离子二次电池的碳负极材料，其改性方面的研究内容主要有：引入非金属元素，引入金属元素，处理表面及其它方面。纺入的非金属元素有硼，硅，氮，磷和硫。引入的金属元素有钾，铝，镓和钒，镍，钴，铜，铁等过渡金属元素。表面处理的方法包括氧化，形成表面层等。     

氧化铝模板中直流电沉积镍纳米线

氧化铝模板中直流电沉积镍纳米线;多孔阳极氧化铝模板;镍纳米线;电沉积     

Ni（OH）2与NiOOH间相互转化的波长扫描椭圆偏振光谱分析研究

用波长扫描现场椭圆偏振光谱方法研究了镍电极上的电化学反应。ｖｏｐ光波以及拟合椭圆偏振实验数据证明，镍电极表面膜可用单层有效介质膜模型描述；椭圆偏振光谱法可用于表于表面分析。     

Application of APCD/DIBK extraction system in strongly acidic media: Determination of traces of copper and nickel in titanium metals by extraction-flame atomic-absorption spectrometry

Extraction of nickel in strongly acidic solution (0.01 approximately 8M hydrochloric acid) with ammonium 1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioate (APCD) into di-isobutyl ketone (DIBK) has been studied, and the APCD/DIBK system has been applied to simultaneous extraction and flame atomic-absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of copper and nickel in titanium metal. Nickel could be extracted with copper from strongly acidic solution such as up to 5M hydrochloric acid with APCD/DIBK system. The extraction from such a strongly acidic media made it possible to extract nickel with copper, since it did not require the addition of a large amount of the masking agent which prevents the hydrolysis of the matrix titanium and also prevents the extraction of nickel. Thus, they could be extracted directly from the titanium metal sample digested by concentrated hydrochloric acid with a small amount of tetrafluorohydroboric acid. Effect of coexistence of a large amount (at least 0.2 g) of iron on the extraction of both elements could be prevented by keeping most of the matrix titanium as Ti(III). With the method described here, mug/g levels of copper and nickel in titanium metal could be rapidly determined with good precision and accuracy.     

镍表面三维微图形的复制加工

运用约束刻蚀剂层技术(CELT)在金属镍(Ni)表面实现三维微图形加工,以规整的三维齿状微结构作模板,获得可有效CELT加工的化学刻蚀和捕捉体系,在Ni表面得到了与齿状结构互补的三维微结构并应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)表征刻蚀图案,证实CELT可用于金属表面Ni的三维微图形刻蚀加工．