分子印迹微凝胶模拟酶的研究

采用油包水反相乳液法, 以马来酸酐酯化葡聚糖-氨基吡啶偶联物(Dex-MA-AP)为功能大单体、过渡态类似物p-硝基苯磷酸酯(NPP)为模板分子、Co2+为中心离子, 制得分子印迹微凝胶模拟酶(MIGs). 用紫外光谱研究了Dex-MA-AP上吡啶功能基团与NPP之间的相互作用. 用SEM观察了MIGs的形貌和大小. 研究发现, MIGs催化活性受模板分子和交联剂用量的影响,MIGs催化p-硝基乙酸苯酯(NPA)水解反应行为可用Michaelis-Menten方程进行描述, 其最大催化水解反应速率(Vm)和Michaelis-Menten常数(Km)分别为25.1 nmol/h和0.030 mmol/L, 且具有较好的催化选择性.     

含水杨酸的缩聚物对p-硝基苯酚乙酸酯水解反应的催化作用——Ⅲ.温度对催化作用的影响

<正> 在以前的研究中我们发现:水杨酸、甲醛和烷基伯胺的缩聚物在催化p-硝基苯酚乙酸酯(PNPA)水解反应的过程中,主链上的水杨酸羟基和叔胺氮原子之间有协同作用;聚合物则链上的长链烷基能与底物发生疏水相互作用,酯的水解反应表现为Michaelis-Menten动力学历程,本文在不同温度下测定了水杨酸及其缩聚物催化PNPA水解反应的速度常数及各项热力学活化参数,讨论了温度对缩聚物催化作用的影响。     

呋喃妥因分子印迹电化学传感器的制备及应用

以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,呋喃妥因为模板分子,马来松香丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGMRA)为交联剂,在玻碳电极表面制备了呋喃妥因分子印迹膜。采用循环伏安(CV)法、差分脉冲伏安(DPV)法及交流阻抗(EIS)法对印迹膜进行表征。实验表明,DPV法测定的氧化峰电流与呋喃妥因浓度在8.0×10-8~5.0×10-6 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(R=0.9939),检出限为6.5×10-8 mol/L。该传感器用于呋喃妥因肠溶片的测定,其回收率为96.6%~101.6%。     

没食子酸丙酯印迹电化学传感器的构建及应用研究

以羧基化的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)为基底,通过酰胺化表面接枝聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)得到MWCNT-PEI复合物功能单体,进而以没食子酸丙酯(PG)为模板分子、乙二醇二缩水甘油醚为交联剂,制备了PG表面分子印迹聚合物,最后采用滴涂法在玻碳电极(GCE)表面构建PG分子印迹电化学传感器。通过循环伏安、电化学阻抗和差分脉冲伏安等手段对所构建传感器的导电性以及PG分子的线性响应、特异识别性、检测稳定性和重复性等进行了测试与表征。结果表明,传感器在PG浓度为1×10~(-8)～1×10~(-5)mol/L的范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0. 9964,检出限达2. 5×10~(-9)mol/L。此外,该传感器在实际样品中的PG回收率为95%～98%。     

抗坏血酸分子印迹电化学传感器的研制与应用

以抗坏血酸(AA)为模板分子,邻苯二胺(o-PD)为功能单体,采用循环伏安法(CV)在玻碳电极表面电聚合形成聚邻苯二胺(PPD)膜,经水将模板分子洗脱后,制得抗坏血酸分子印迹膜电极。优化的分子印迹条件为:以0.20 mol/L HAc-NaAc(pH 5.2)缓冲溶液为反应介质,o-PD和AA的摩尔比为1∶2,扫描电位为0~0.8 V,扫描速度为50 mV/s。利用CV、方波伏安法(SWV)和电流-时间曲线法(I~t)对该分子印迹传感器的电化学性能进行评价。该传感器的响应电流与AA浓度在低浓度区(1.0×10-6~1.0×10-3mol/L)和高浓度区(1.0×10-3~4.5×10-3mol/L)分别呈良好的线性关系,检出限为4.9×10-7mol/L。运用建立的方法对市售橙汁中的AA进行测定,并用2,6-二氯酚靛酚滴定法进行验证,结果表明,该传感检测技术快速、准确、成本低,适用于橙汁等食品中AA的测定。     

基于石墨烯掺杂金纳米粒子的速灭威分子印迹电化学传感器

以速灭威(MTMC)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,马来松香丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGMRA)为交联剂,在石墨烯掺杂金纳米粒子修饰玻碳电极表面合成分子印迹膜,研制了测定MTMC的分子印迹电化学传感器。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对传感膜的形貌进行了表征,通过循环伏安法(CV)、电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)和差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)对传感器的性能进行了研究。DPV测试表明,MTMC的浓度在1.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系(线性相关系数为R=0.9936),检出限2.9×10-8mol/L(S/N=3)。传感器应用于蔬菜样品的加标回收检测,回收率在93.4%~106.4%之间。     

肉桂酸苄酯分子印迹膜电化学传感器的制备

以肉桂酸苄酯为模板,巯基苯胺为单体,采用电聚合的方法合成了肉桂酸苄酯分子印迹聚合物膜,并以此印迹膜构建电化学传感器,采用差分脉冲伏安(DPV)法对化妆品中肉桂酸苄酯进行检测,结果表明在1.0×10~(-11)~1.0×10~(-8) mol/L浓度范围内与峰电流线性良好,相关系数R~2=0.9915,检测限为2.9pmol/L,并且具有较高的选择性识别能力、良好的再生性和稳定性。该方法实现了洗发水样品中痕量肉桂酸苄酯的检测,为测定和监控化妆品中痕量过敏原提供了一条有效途径。     

双-(β-酮萘胺)镍(Ⅱ)/B(C6F5)3/AlEt3体系催化醋酸降冰片烯酯的聚合

采用双-(β-酮萘胺)镍(Ⅱ)/B(C6F5)3/AlEt3体系可在20～90 ℃范围内在甲苯溶剂中催化醋酸降冰片烯酯聚合,得到中等分子量(Mw＝7.0×103～3.1×104 g/mol)和分子量分布较窄(Mw/Mn为1.8～2.0)的醋酸降冰片烯酯聚合物.采用1H NMR、13C NMR、FT-IR、DSC、TGA及广角X射线衍射(WAXD)等技术对所得聚合物进行了结构表征和性能测试.结果表明,所得的聚醋酸降冰片烯酯为加成型产物,证明此催化体系催化醋酸降冰片烯酯聚合是按乙烯基加成模式进行的;所得聚合产物为非晶态,具有短程有序长程无序的特征,分子链间的距离为1.24 nm;聚合产物具有较好的热稳定性(Td＞330 ℃),并能够溶解在大部分普通有机溶剂中.     

环丙沙星分子印迹聚合物的制备及其吸附特性的研究

以环丙沙星(CIP)为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,三甲基丙烯酸三羟甲基丙烷酯(TRIM)为交联剂,进行热聚合.通过对于功能单体和交联剂的用量对分子印迹聚合物吸附性能的影响的研究,得到最佳的聚合配比为n(CIP):n(MMA):n(TRJM)=1:6:16,并以此配比制得了对环丙沙星具有特异选择性吸附的分子印迹聚合物.通过静态平衡结合法研究了模板聚合物的结合动力学以及该聚合物的结合能力和选择特性,通过Scatchard分析法研究了印迹聚合物对模板分子的结合特性.结果表明,该印迹聚合物具有良好的吸附能力和吸附选择性,静态吸附分配系数KD为41.64,分离因子α为1.62;该印迹聚合物中形成了2类不同的结合位点,经计算它们的离解常数分别为Kd1=5.249×10-5mol·L-1,Kd2=2.237×10-3mol·L-1.     

分子印迹电化学传感器检测水杨酸

以水杨酸(SA)为模板分子,邻苯二胺(o-PPD)及吡咯(Py)为复合功能单体,在石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极表面制备分子印迹电化学传感器(MIP/GO/GCE),用扫描电镜(SEM)观察印迹膜的表面形貌,方波伏安法(SWV)和循环伏安法(CV)对分子印迹传感器的性能进行表征。通过优化实验条件,显示SA浓度在1.0×10-8~1.0×10-2 mol/L范围内,分子印迹传感器峰电流与SA浓度负对数具有良好的线性关系,检出限为8.6×10-9 mol/L。该传感器对SA具有良好的选择性,样品回收率为101%~106%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.8%。SA分子印迹传感器的制备简单、抗干扰性好、灵敏度高、成本低廉,具有较好实用价值。     

Temperature-sensitive molecularly imprinted microgels with esterase activity

Temperature-sensitive molecularly imprinted microgels(MIGs)exhibiting esterase activity were prepared by a reverse emulsion method using dialdehyde dextran-histidine conjugate(PAD-His)as the functional macromonomer and p-nitrophenyl phosphate(NPP)as the stable transition state analogue(TSA)as well as Co2+as the coordination center.The catalytic activity of MIGs was greatly influenced by the amount of the template,and could be modulated by temperature.The hydrolysis kinetics of p-nitrophenyl acetate(NPA)in t...     

含5-氟尿嘧啶的氨基酸衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究

5-氟尿嘧啶乙酸对硝基苯酯和5-氟尿嘧啶丙酸对硝基苯酯与一系列氨基酸反应,制备了12个新的含5-氟尿嘧啶的氨基酸衍生物,并确定了化合物的结构。初步动物试验表明某些化合物有一定的抗肿瘤活性。     

Expression and Characterization of a Novel Lipase from Aspergillus fumigatus with High Specific Activity

A novel lipase gene from Aspergillus fumigatus, afl1-1, was cloned and expressed with a molecular mass of 38 kDa in Escherichia coli for the first time. The recombinant lipase had a preference for short carbon chain p-nitrophenyl esters, especially toward C2 p-nitrophenyl ester and exhibited potent hydrolysis activity that had not been observed. The optimum pH and temperature of this new enzyme were 8.5 and 65 °C, respectively. The recombinant lipase (AFL1-1) is an alkaline enzyme which was stable in the pH range 6.0～8.5 for 16 h (at 4 °C) and at 30～50 °C for 1 h. It is an intracellular enzyme which was purified approximately 8.47-fold with an overall yield of 86.1% by single-step Ni-NTA affinity purification, with a very high specific activity of approximately 1.00?×?10(3) U mg(-1) on a standard substrate of p-nitrophenyl acetate. The Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters V (max) and K (m) of the lipase were 1.37 mM mg(-1) min(-1) and 14.0 mM, respectively. Ca(2+) and other metal ions could not activate the lipase. According to the homology analysis and site-directed mutagenesis assay, the catalytic triad of the recombinant lipase was identified as Ser-165, Asp-260, and His-290 residues.     

亲水梳状环氧聚合物载体柔性固定化脂肪酶

以氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球载体为大分子引发剂,以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和亲水性丙烯酰胺为共聚接枝单体,以氯化亚铜及2,2'-联吡啶为催化体系,采用原子转移自由基聚合法接枝合成了具有柔性链的亲水梳状环氧聚合物载体PS-acyl-P(AM-co-GMA),并将其用于耐有机溶剂YCJ01脂肪酶的共价柔性固定化.结果表明,固定化酶催...     

The thermodynamics of phosphate versus phosphorothioate ester hydrolysis

Phosphorothioate esters are phosphate esters in which one of the nonbridging oxygen atoms has been replaced by sulfur. In the comparative hydrolysis reactions of phosphorothioate and phosphate esters, the sulfur substitution accelerates the rates of the monoesters while slowing the rates of diesters and of triesters. Previously measured enthalpies and entropies of activation for the hydrolysis reactions of the monoesters, p-nitrophenyl phosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, were compared to the activation parameters measured herein for the diesters, ethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate and ethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, and the triesters, diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate and diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate. A consistent trend of a greater DeltaH++ for the phosphorothioate analogue was found in all three classes of ester. In the monoester case, a more positive DeltaS++ arising from a mechanistic difference (D(N) + A(N) for the phosphorothioate versus A(N)D(N) for the phosphate) compensates, resulting in a lower DeltaG++ for the phosphorothioate monoester. Spectroscopic investigations indicate there is no significant difference in bond order to the leaving group in phosphates, as compared to their phosphorothioate analogues, ruling this out as a contribution to the consistently higher enthalpies of activation.     

Hofmeister series: the hydrolytic activity of Aspergillus niger lipase depends on specific anion effects

The specific activity of lipase A (Aspergillus niger) toward the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) is shown to increase as a result of sodium salt addition according to specific ion effects of the Hofmeister series. This shows explicitly that the Hofmeister effect is due to the different specific interactions between anions and the enzymatic surface.     

Reduction of tris (p-nitro phenyl) methyl bromide as a model reaction for the study of the electron-donating ability of nucleophilic compounds

Conclusions The reaction of tris(p-nitrophenyl)methyl bromide with various nucleophiles yields a stable radical, viz., tris(p-nitrophenyl)methyl, which is also generated by the reaction of tris(p-nitrophenyl)methyl anion with various electrophiles.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1669–1670, July, 1972.     

Catalytic hydrolysis of phosphate diester （BNPP） and plasmid DNA by mononuclear macrocyclic polyamine metal complexes

The activities of the catalytic hydrolysis of phosphate diester(BNPP)[bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate diester]and plasmid DNA (pUC18)by mononuclear macrocyclic polyamine metal complexes have been investigated in this paper.The results showed that the highest activity in hydrolysis of BNPP was obtained with 1e-Zn(Ⅱ)complex(composed of lipophilic group)as catalyst.The hydrolysis rate enhancement is up to 3.64×10~4 fold.These metal complexes could effectively promote the cleavage of plasmid DNA(pUC18)at physiol...     

Esterase-like activity of human serum albumin. VIII. Reaction with amino acid p-nitrophenyl esters.

The reactions of human serum albumin (HSA) with optically active amino acid p-nitrophenyl esters (substrate, S) were examined kinetically at 25 degrees C. The rate data were analyzed in terms of a mechanism involving 1:1 complexing (S.HSA) between S and HSA. The dissociation constant (Ks in M) and the catalytic rate constant (k2 in s-1) of S.HSA were determined. Among ten substrates examined, the reactions with N-carbobenzoxy-D(L)-alanine p-nitrophenyl esters (N-CBZ-D(L)-AlaNP) were most accelerated by HSA. Results of the reaction in the presence of excess N-CBZ-D(L)-AlaNP over HSA indicated the existence of one strong reactive site on HSA. The effects of the reversible binding of the site-specific drug and the chemical modification by site-specific reagents on the HSA activity showed that the reactive site towards N-CBZ-D(L)-AlaNP is the R site located near tyrosine-411 residue of HSA.