低温下冰的拉曼光谱研究

采用变温装置,在-30℃至-190℃温度范围内我们对冰行进了原位低温拉曼光谱测量.并利用光谱分析软件对冰的拉曼光谱带行进了分析,得到O-H键振动的三个拉曼峰随温度的变化规律.应用氢键理论对实验结果进行了分析,结果表明O-H键的ν3(E g)反对称伸缩振动和ν1(B 1g)不同向对称伸缩振动受氢键影响较大,并且ν3(E g)的拉曼峰位与温度成很好的线性关系有潜在的应用价值.     

高压下正己醇的拉曼光谱研究

利用碳化硅压腔在25 ℃和163.4～793.4 MPa条件下对正己醇进行了拉曼光谱研究。发现在163.4～767.6 MPa压力下正己醇性质稳定,没有相变发生。在此压力条件下,CH对称伸缩振动和反对称伸缩振动的波峰都随着压力的增大而向高波数偏移,拉曼位移与压力的关系分别为ν_{2 876}=0.009 1P+2 875.1和ν_{2 931}=0.005 7P+2 930.5。到793.4 MPa压力条件下出现了结冰现象。在前人资料的基础上,对甲醇、乙醇和正己醇等醇类的高压性质进行了对比,发现CH对称伸缩振动的波峰偏移与压力的关系不受CC键的影响,即与碳原子数无关。     

293～563 K下甲醇结构的研究

利用金刚石压腔和拉曼光谱,研究了甲醇从室温到563 K下的结构特征。结果表明：随着温度的升高,体系压力也在不断增大;ν_CH区伸缩振动和ν_OH区伸缩振动同时受到温度和压力的影响,但两种作用相反。由于压力效应大于温度效应,随温度压力的增大,ν_CH区伸缩振动的拉曼位移向高频方向移动,说明C—H键键能在增大;而O—H伸缩振动峰的相对面积随温度压力的增大而增大,说明对C—H键而言,O—H键总强度是增加的,由此推测在地质条件下,压力可能阻碍或延长了干酪根的降解生烃过程。     

甲醇的高压拉曼光谱研究

研究了甲醇在温度301K、压力169．2～713．8MPa下的拉曼特征。其中νCH区伸缩振动随压力增大，拉曼位移向高频方向移动，说明C-H键键能在增大；而νOH区伸缩振动随压力增大，拉曼位移则向低频方向移动，表明氢键对O-H基团的影响大于压力效应。另外，O-H伸缩振动峰的相对面积随压力的增大而减小，说明对C-H键而言，O-H键总强度是减弱的。     

苯海拉明的拉曼光谱和红外光谱研究

测量并分析了盐酸苯海拉明的红外光谱和拉曼光谱。在Raman光谱中, 1001 cm-1出现一个极强峰, 在1030 cm-1和618 cm-1各有一个中等峰,此外,在红外光谱中, 714 cm-1和757 cm-1附近出现极强的吸收峰,认定这个化合物中存在单取代苯。C-N的对称伸缩振动出现在837 cm-1, 1433 cm-1和1470 cm-1分别为CH2和CH3的变形振动, 在红外光谱中, 1020 cm-1处明显的吸收峰属于C-O-C反对称伸缩振动。此外, 测量得到含量为25 mg苯海拉明药片的拉曼光谱与纯苯海拉明的拉曼峰比较一致, 可作为无损快速检测该药物的手段。     

Na2CO3的高压拉曼光谱研究

碳酸盐是碳在地球内部的重要载体之一,其在地幔高温高压条件下的晶体化学是理解地球深部碳的赋存状态和循环过程的关键,而结构稳定性和相变是晶体化学最基本的研究内容。碳酸钠（Na₂CO₃）是一种常见的碱性碳酸盐矿物,在产自地幔过渡带-下地幔的金刚石中已发现含钠的碳酸盐矿物包裹体,这成为碳酸钠能够俯冲进入地幔深部的直接矿物学证据。前人利用拉曼光谱技术研究了Na₂CO₃在常温常压下的晶格振动模式,但其在高压下的稳定性和结构变化却鲜有报道。利用金刚石压腔装置结合先进的共聚焦拉曼光谱技术,以硅油作为传压介质,在准静水压力条件下,在0.001～27.53 GPa压力区间对Na₂CO₃粉末在600~1 200 cm-1波段的振动特征进行了细致地分析。本次实验重点分析了[CO₃]2-基团振动模式在升压和卸压过程中的行为。结果表明,在0.001～11.88 GPa压力范围内,[CO₃]2-基团对称伸缩振动γ₁（1 088.06和1 070.76 cm-1）、反对称伸缩振动γ₃（865.10和797.50 cm-1）和面内弯曲振动γ₄（720.10和696.71 cm-1）都出现了振动峰的分裂。随着压力增加,所有振动峰都向高频率漂移,半高宽也逐渐增加。在13.40 GPa时,Na₂CO₃发生结构相变,具体表现为690.08 cm-1处出现1条新的拉曼峰,并且随着压力升高该峰的强度逐渐增大。同时反对称伸缩振动峰γ₃以及面内弯曲振动峰γ₄的强度持续减弱,半高宽也继续变大。这些现象表明Na₂CO₃结构相变源于[CO₃]2-内部晶格变化。当压力卸载到4.18 GPa时,[CO₃]2-的振动模式与常温常压下的完全吻合,相变出现的新峰也已经消失,表明该相变是由[CO₃]2-基团畸变引起的并且具有可逆性。继续升压至27.53 GPa,拉曼光谱继续蓝移,Na₂CO₃的拉曼谱线再没有变化,说明高压相在这一压强范围内保持稳定。在整个加压过程中,反对称伸缩振动γ₃和面内弯曲振动γ₄处的拉曼峰出现强度减弱现象。同时也计算了各个峰频率对压力的依赖系数dγ/dP,结果显示[CO₃]2-基团内各个振动模式对压力的响应是不同的,这很可能与Ｃ-Ｏ键的键长有关。最后,对比发现,对称伸缩振动γ₁峰的强度比反对称伸缩振动γ₃和面内弯曲振动γ₄峰的强度大,并且[CO₃]2-基团对称伸缩振动γ₁受压力影响相对较小,可以用来区别不同种类的碳酸盐矿物。     

卵黄低密度脂蛋白结构的红外光谱和激光拉曼光谱分析

低密度脂蛋白是把胆固醇运输到肝脏合成胆酸一种重要的脂蛋白。低密度脂蛋白结构的研究对弄清动脉硬化发病机理有着非常重要的意义。用硫酸铵分离法快速分离鸡蛋黄中各种蛋白成分,用Sephadex G-200柱层析分离、纯化获得纯度很高的低密度脂蛋白,对其进行SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)检测,结果显示低密度脂蛋白主要包含5种脱辅基蛋白。激光拉曼和红外光谱测定,检测出低密度脂蛋白中对称CH2以及不对称CH2的伸缩振动。红外光谱还检测到脂蛋白肽键中C=O伸缩振动、脂链中P=O的伸缩振动和磷脂中胆碱聚集体的N+(CH3)3的不对称振动。两种光谱分析为研究低密度脂蛋白的结构提供了有效信息。     

乙醇热液合成羟基磷灰石粉末的X射线衍射和拉曼光谱分析

为探索热液条件下羟基磷灰石的结晶特点,以氢氧化钙和磷酸中和反应所获沉淀为前驱物,以乙醇为介质在85、100、140℃进行了醇热反应实验。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对实验样品进行了表征。结果表明,醇热反应能获得结晶良好的羟基磷灰石纳米晶,升高反应温度和延长反应时间有利于羟基磷灰石HAP晶相的生成和晶粒度长大,其中反应温度对产物的晶体结构影响明显。不同反应条件获得的样品的拉曼光谱差异较大,随着反应温度的提高,拉曼光谱先出现PO4四面体的对称伸缩振动,再出现PO4四面体的反对称伸缩振动,最后出现PO4四面体变角振动。     

几种铁氧化合物微观结构及其拉曼光谱研究

实验测定了α-Fe_2O_3,Fe_3O_4,FeO和α-FeOOH等的拉曼光谱,同时,利用密度泛函理论方法对以上四种铁氧化合物的拉曼振动波数和散射活性进行模拟计算,对其特征峰进行归属。结果表明FeO没有拉曼活性,α-Fe_2O_3在606和483cm~(-1)分别是六配位Fe的双桥氧的对称和反对称伸缩振动,413cm~(-1)主要是六配位Fe的双桥氧的对称弯曲振动;Fe_3O_4在610和526cm~(-1)分别是连接四配位与六配位Fe的单桥氧的对称和反对称伸缩振动,464和420cm~(-1)分别是连接四配位与六配位Fe的单桥氧的反对称剪切和对称剪切振动;α-FeOOH在671和614cm~(-1)分别是六配位铁的单桥氧的反对称和对称伸缩振动,504和427cm~(-1)分别是六配位铁的单桥氧的对称与反对称弯曲振动。     

应用二维偏振红外与拉曼相关光谱研究反铁电液晶的分子结构

应用偏振红外、拉曼光谱研究了一种反铁电液晶化合物在78℃时,SCA 相中的烷基链、刚性核部分的构象、分子排布。用二维相关技术对所得到的偏振红外、拉曼光谱进行分析,把与手性碳相连的甲基的反对称及对称伸缩振动谱带同烷基链中的甲基伸缩振动谱带区分开,并发现在反铁电相中同时存在s-cis和s-trans两种构象。     

Raman Scattering Spectroscopy of Phase Transition in n-Pentadecane under High Temperature and High Pressure

The Raman spectroscopy of n-pentadecane is investigated in a moissanite anvil cell at normal temperatures and a diamond anvil cell under pressure to about 3000MPa and at temperature from 298 to 573K. Result indicates that at room temperature the vibration modes, assigned to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching of CH3 and CH2 stretching, shift to higher frequency and display a pressure dependent quasi-linear curve. A liquid-solid phase transition appears at a pressure of 150 MPa. The high temperature solidus line of n-pentadecane follows a quadratic function of P = 0.02369T^2 - 9.117T ＋ 725.58, in agreement with previous conclusion derived from studies of other hydrocarbons. Upon phase transition, fitting the experimental data obtained in a temperature range of 283 553 K to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation allows one to define the thermodynamic parameters of n-pentadecane of dP/dT = 0.04738T - 9.117.     

利用拉曼光谱对短链烷烃的相变过程及旋转相的研究

利用激光拉曼光谱研究了二十六烷的凝结相变过程。在冷却过程中,二十六烷经历了从液相→旋转相→固态单斜晶相的相变过程。主要研究了烷烃分子碳链上CH₂弯曲振动、CH₂剪式振动、C—C伸展振动和CH₃平面摇摆等振动模式的变化过程,包括这些模的频率、半宽和强度变化等,研究在相变过程中不同振动模式的的演变顺序和过程,反映各种振动模式与分子结构的相关性,并了解反式构象和歪曲构象在相变过程中的变化,从而更深入的理解烷烃等非晶体物质的相变过程。此外,通过分析800～1 500 cm-1波段各个拉曼波峰在降温过程中的变化过程,得到了二十六烷的旋转相的温度区间,证明可以利用拉曼光谱来观察烷烃相变过程中出现的旋转相。     

利用拉曼散射测量燃烧场的组分浓度及温度

介绍了利用拉曼散射测量燃烧流场温度及组分浓度的物理方法和实验测量结果。利用可调谐KrF准分子激光激发振动拉曼散射（VRS）测量了甲烷－空气燃烧火焰内不同空间的主要组分分子（CH4、N2、O2、H2O等）浓度及温度,测量误差小于10％;另外用N2的拉曼谱拟合测量了火焰的温度,测量精度高于5％。在实验中采用了偏振技术及波长调谐提高了信噪比和测量精度。     

Raman spectroscopic characterization of cinnabarin produced by the fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr.

Raman spectroscopy with 1064 nm laser excitation is used here to identify the chemical composition of the extracts obtained from Pycnoporus sanguineus fungus, in comparison with the data produced from the red fungus itself. Polar and non‐polar solvents were used to separate cinnabarin and ergosterol, respectively, the main components of each extract. The Raman spectra of the extracts are dominated by specific vibrational modes that can be related to these components; in the case of ergosterol the main bands are those assignable to CH stretching and deformation along with bands related to the aryl skeletal rings. The cinnabarin fraction, on the other hand, gives a Raman spectrum where the most important bands are those related to NH₂ bending (1510 cm⁻¹) and C quinonoid stretching (1647 cm⁻¹) modes. The Raman spectrum obtained directly from the fungus shows similarity with the cinnabarin fraction, in agreement with the literature information from extracts that cinnabarin is the most significant component present in the red fungus. This result highlights the potential of Raman spectroscopic techniques for the monitoring of the fungus extraction process undertaken in small industries. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

荧光材料Y_2O_3:Eu变温拉曼光谱分析

本文用显微拉曼谱仪在波长为785 nm的激光激发下,对Y2O3:Eu陶瓷在温度83-473 K间进行了系统的变温拉曼实验研究。实验发现Y2O3:Eu的一些振动模在低温下没有出现,只有当温度达到一定值之后才可以被观察到,分析表明这是由于温度变化引起的简并振动模式分裂。此外,Y2O3:Eu的拉曼峰位、半高全峰宽(FWHM)也是温度的非线性函数,且不同的拉曼峰遵循不同的函数关系,本文分析这是由于晶格的各向异性导致的。     

FT‐IR,FT‐Raman and DFT calculations of the salicylanilide derivate 4‐chloro‐2‐(4‐bromophenylcarbamoyl)phenyl acetate

FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectra of 4‐chloro‐2‐(4‐bromophenylcarbamoyl)phenyl acetate were recorded and analyzed. The vibrational wavenumbers and corresponding vibrational assignments were examined theoretically using the Gaussian03 set of quantum chemistry codes. The red shift of the NH stretching wavenumber in the infrared (IR) spectrum from the computed wavenumber indicates the weakening of the NH bond resulting in proton transfer to the neighbouring oxygen atom. The simultaneous IR and Raman activations of the CO stretching mode give the charge transfer interaction through a π‐conjugated path. Optimized geometrical parameters of the title compound are in agreement with similar reported structures. From the optimized structure, it is clear that the hydrogen bonding decreases the double bond character of CO bond and increases the double bond character of the C N bonds. The first hyperpolarizability, predicted infrared intensities and Raman activities are reported. The calculated first hyperpolarizability is comparable with the reported values of similar derivatives and is an attractive object for future studies of non‐linear optics. The assignments of the normal modes are done by potential energy distribution (PED) calculations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coherent molecular vibrational dynamics of CH2 stretching modes in polyethylene studied by femtosecond‐CARS

We have studied the coherent molecular vibrational dynamics of CH₂ stretching modes in polyethylene by time‐resolved femtosecond coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy. We observed that the coherent vibrational relaxation of symmetric CH₂ stretching modes in polyethylene at room temperature is much faster than that previously measured in polyvinyl alcohol. In addition, it was detected that, at low temperature, the coherent vibrational relaxation of the symmetric stretching modes evidently becomes slower compared with that at room temperature. These temperature‐dependent measurements enable us to discriminate the contribution of pure dephasing mechanism, due to phonons and two‐level systems in polymer, from the contribution of lifetime of the vibrational excited state to the coherent vibrational relaxation of CH₂ stretching modes. We conclude that the coherent vibrational relaxation of symmetric CH₂ stretching modes at room temperature consists of the contribution of lifetime and approximately 1.5 times larger contribution of pure dephasing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coherent coupling between vibrational modes of C-H bonds at different positions studied by femtosecond time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

We performed femtosecond time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering(fs-CARS) measurements on liquid toluene and PVK film.For both samples,we selectively excited the CH stretching vibrational modes and observed the expected quantum beat signals.The frequency of the well-defined beats is in good agreement with the energy difference between the two simultaneously excited modes,which demonstrates that a coherent coupling between the vibrational modes of the C-H chemical bonds exists at the different positions of the molecules.The dephasing times of the excited modes are obtained simultaneously.