煤油燃烧场主要组分浓度测量

利用自发振动拉曼散射技术测量了煤油燃烧场主要组分的摩尔分数。基于355nm激光激发振动拉曼散射建立了自发拉曼散射实验系统,测量了空气中主要组分的摩尔分数,分析了该技术的测量精度;测量了煤油蒸气在355nm激光激励下产生的荧光光谱,分析了荧光信号对拉曼信号的干扰;对不同燃烧条件下的煤油燃烧场进行了诊断,获得了贫油条件下煤油燃烧场主要组分(N2,O2,H2O,CO2等)的拉曼光谱,计算了组分摩尔分数及其随燃烧时间的变化规律。     

燃烧场参数的激光诊断技术研究

 介绍了燃烧场参数的激光诊断技术的研究进展，给出了用自发拉曼散射、激光诱导荧光、相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射法诊断燃烧场温度和组分的实验系统和部分实验结果，单次测量火焰的温度和组分浓度相对误差小于10%；利用平面激光诱导荧光技术获得了稳定燃烧场二维OH荧光图像，并分析了激光作用区域火焰二维温度场的分布。     

单脉冲喇曼散射技术测量高压燃烧场组分浓度

介绍了自发喇曼散射技术的基本原理、实验方法及对高压燃烧场的测量结果。利用Nd:YAG激光的三倍频输出激发振动喇曼散射,在单脉冲条件下测量了高压模拟燃烧室内不同化学配比条件下以氢气-空气预混燃烧场为主要组分(N2,O2,H2O,H2等)的喇曼光谱,获得了主要组分浓度随燃烧时间、燃烧场压力的变化规律。实验中利用偏振技术有效地提高了信噪比。通过优化激光光束形状及光路设计避免了等离子体光谱对喇曼信号的干扰。     

自发喇曼散射技术对燃烧场的诊断

 介绍了利用Nd:YAG激光的三倍频激发自发振动喇曼散射技术对燃烧场的诊断及相关的实验原理，测量了不同配比条件下的CH₄-air预混火焰内的主要组分(N₂，O₂，H₂O，CH₄)及其相对浓度；并分别用分子浓度测温法和斯托克斯谱与反斯托克斯谱强度比法测量了火焰的温度；还对该技术测温、测浓度的不确定度进行了分析。将该技术应用到对复杂的固体燃剂燃烧场的诊断，取得了燃烧场中几种主要燃烧组分（N₂，H₂CO，CH₄，H₂O）的喇曼光谱，以及这些组分在燃烧过程中的变化信息。     

混合比和燃烧组分浓度测量系统的原理和设计

研制了一套新型测量系统，系统由YGA激光器、染料激光器、晶体组、CCD摄像机、图像处理系统和附件等组成．与反斯托克斯拉曼散射、激光诱导荧光、平面激光诱导荧光和拉曼散射系统相仿，该系统具有测量燃烧组分浓度的功能．此外，它还可以测量喷嘴氧化剂和燃料的混合比分布，测量参数是给定时间内给定区域的统计值．系统已经成功用于液体火箭发动机气／气喷嘴、气／液喷嘴和液／液喷嘴喷雾场混合比分布特性研究，并已用于CO、CO2、NO、NO2、OH和H2O（g）等燃烧产物组分的浓度测量，这种新系统将成为液体火箭发动机工作过程研究的有力分析工具．     

利用波长调制光谱技术测量高温环境中的气体压强、温度和H_2O组分浓度

利用基于可调谐半导体激光器的扫描波长调制光谱技术,实现了高温燃烧场内气体参数的测量。提出了基于迭代算法实现气体压强、温度和组分浓度同时测量的方法,迭代算法具有收敛速度快以及对初始值不敏感等优点。采用频分复用技术,利用两条H_2O吸收谱线(7 454.45和6 806.03cm-1)的谐波信号,对高温燃烧场进行了实验研究,并将气体压强、温度和H_2O组分浓度测量结果与压力传感器、热电偶和直接吸收光谱法的测量结果进行比较,结果表明,基于波长调制光谱技术测得的气体压强、温度和H_2O浓度与预测值基本符合,最大偏差分别在7.6%,8.1%和7.5%以内。此方法具有多参数同时测量、免标定等显著优势,但由于依赖的参数较多,容易对测量精度造成影响。     

LIPF法对甲烷-空气火焰温度及OH分布场的测量

介绍了激光感生预分离荧光法（ＬＩＰＦ）的原理及一维与二维测量实验装置。利用可调谐ＫｒＦ准分子激光器,在甲烷一空气火焰中测得了燃烧中间产物ＯＨ的系列荧光谱线及ＯＨ分子的二维荧光图象,对它的话线结构进行了分析,并给出了燃烧火焰的一维温度值,测量的相对误差小于３％。二维荧光图象也定性表明燃烧火焰的ＯＨ分子密度分布和二维温度场等信息。     

空气中O2和N2摩尔分数的拉曼散射多通道测量

开发了一套基于激光拉曼散射的多通道气体光学检测系统,应用于空气中主要组分的摩尔分数定量测量.针对性的设计了532 nm激光脉冲展宽器,能有效地避免脉冲激光在高能量状态下造成气体裂解、石英玻璃损伤等现象的发生,提高了气体拉曼散射的信噪比.在实验室环境压力和温度下,对气体样池内空气进行了长66 mm×直径1 mm激发区域同步10通道(每通道长约6.6 mm)的拉曼散射实验.得到了各通道下氧气(O2)和氮气(N2)的拉曼光谱和摩尔分数,及O2相对于N2的相对响应因子RO2.完成了26次重复性实验,每次为200个激光脉冲激发自发拉曼光谱的累加.结果表明,各通道间计算的平均的氧摩尔分数x-O2和相对于氮气的相对响应因子-RO2的标准偏差分别为0.015和0.024,但它们的平均值与10通道合并方式下的实验结果完全相同,准确率达98%,完全满足实时地并具有时空分辨力的定量测量混合气体摩尔分数的要求.该系统可满足于各种动态燃烧过程的光谱检测与分析.     

混合比和燃烧组分浓度测量系统的原理和设计(英文)

研制了一套新型测量系统,系统由YGA激光器、染料激光器、晶体组、CCD摄像机、图像处理系统和附件等组成.与反斯托克斯拉曼散射、激光诱导荧光、平面激光诱导荧光和拉曼散射系统相仿,该系统具有测量燃烧组分浓度的功能.此外,它还可以测量喷嘴氧化剂和燃料的混合比分布,测量参数是给定时间内给定区域的统计值.系统已经成功用于液体火箭发动机气/气喷嘴、气/液喷嘴和液/液喷嘴喷雾场混合比分布特性研究,并已用于CO、CO2、No、NO2、OH和H2O(g)等燃烧产物组分的浓度测量,这种新系统将成为液体火箭发动机工作过程研究的有力分析工具.     

PLIF法定量测量甲烷-空气火焰二维温度场分布

利用平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术，通过选择适合的OH自由基激励线，定量测量了甲烷-空气燃烧火焰的二维温度场分布。给出炉面中心上方火焰温度随离炉面高度的变化和距炉面12 mm高处沿炉面水平方向变化的实验测量结果并进行了讨论与分析。与利用相干反斯托克斯喇曼散射（CARS）技术进行测温的实验结果相比，该测量的相对不确定度优于5％。     

激光诱导预分离荧光法窄带及宽带测温实验研究

介绍了激光诱导预分离荧光法测温的原理及实验结果。利用可调谐KrF准分子激光器 ,在常压甲烷 空气火焰内测得了OH自由基的系列荧光谱 ;并对它们的谱线结构进行了分析 ;给出了利用窄带激光和宽带激光两种不同激励条件下测量的温度值。通过选择适当的激励线及激光能量 ,减去背景噪声等途径 ,使两种方法的测量精度均高于 3 %。     

Comparison of the influence of the fictive and the annealing temperature on the UV-transmission properties of synthetic fused silica

′ and NBOH). Samples with high OH content exhibit gradual recovery from the absorption band within several minutes after exposure to the KrF laser radiation. The formation of the KrF laser-induced 210 nm absorption band depends on the fictive temperature and on the OH content. Low fictive temperature, as a measure for the number of intrinsic defects, retards E^′ generation at the beginning of intense KrF excimer laser irradiation when the majority of defects are generated from precursor defects. However, for longer irradiation periods with pulse numbers of the order of 10⁵ pulses, a high OH content is the beneficial parameter. The accompanying atomic hydrogen is essential for the suppression of the 210 nm absorption band. This happens by transformation of the E^′ centers into Si-H defects. In contrast to a generally held view, annealing (decreasing of the fictive temperature) of fused silica does not always reduce UV induced defect generation. For example, annealing of the samples in an argon atmosphere causes a significantly higher 210 nm absorption increase during KrF excimer laser irradiation (240000 pulses) compared to nonannealed samples. Two spectroscopic methods to determine the OH content of fused silica were applied: Raman and infrared spectroscopy, which in this work lead to differing results. The energetics of the 210 nm absorption band generation and bleaching is summarized by a diagram explaining the interaction of the 248 nm laser radiation with fused silica. Received: 2 June 1997/Accepted: 13 June 1997     

圆偏振氟化氪激光在氢气中的前向受激喇曼散射

本文研究了圆偏振氟化氪激光在氢气中的前向受激喇曼散射,第一级斯托克斯线的转换效率已达44％。 关键词：     

Temperature measurement in fuel-rich non-sooting low-pressure hydrocarbon flames

Several temperature measurement techniques were compared for the investigation of fuel-rich, premixed, flat, low-pressure flames of propene, acetylene, and cyclopentene with maximum temperatures around 2400 K. Vibrational Stokes/anti-Stokes Raman measurements with a KrF excimer laser using CO, H₂, and H₂O as temperature indicators were examined at 50 and 200 mbar for different flame stoichiometries. Also, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of OH in the A-X band was used, and complementary lifetime measurements were performed to account for a variation of fluorescence quantum yield with rotational quantum number. LIF using seeded NO (0.2-1.0%) was applied both in point-wise and 1D temperature measurement in spite of the anticipated interaction of NO with the fuel-rich flame chemistry. Furthermore, thermocouple measurements were performed in the preheat zone. These techniques were compared with respect to accuracy and the potential for routine applications under fuel-rich low-pressure conditions.     

激光波长对拉曼散射水温遥感系统测温精度及探测深度的影响

机载激光拉曼散射雷达技术可以快速获取次表层海水温度的三维分布,具有重要的实用价值和经济价值.首先,从理论上分析了水的伸缩振动拉曼谱峰值位置和半高全宽与激发波长之间的对应关系,发现随着激发波长的增大,拉曼峰逐渐向长波方向移动,且拉曼光谱半高全宽显著增大.然后,实验测量了不同温度下450 nm激光和532 nm激光激发的水的拉曼光谱,对比验证了上述理论分析结果.并采用单高斯峰拟合法分析了两组拉曼光谱,拟合出高斯峰峰值位置与温度之间的关系,分析了激发波长对温度测量精度的影响.研究发现,采用较长波长的激发光可以提高拉曼光谱的测量精度,从而改善测温精度.最后,建立了拉曼散射雷达方程,分析了拉曼散射系数与激光波长之间的关系,研究了激光波长对雷达系统探测深度的影响.结果表明,激光波长对雷达系统探测深度有很大的影响,采用480 nm以下波长的激光时雷达系统探测深度较大,而采用长波段激光时雷达系统探测深度会大幅降低.实际系统设计中选取激光光源时需要综合考虑上述两方面的影响.     

UV raman spectroscopy of H2-air flames excited with a narrowband KrF laser

Raman spectra of H₂ and H₂O in flames excited by a narrowband KrF excimer laser are reported. Observations are made over a porous-plug, flat-flame burner reacting H₂ in air, fuel-rich with nitrogen dilution to control the temperature, and with a H₂ diffusion flame. Measurements made from UV Raman spectra show good agreement with measurements made by other means, both for gas temperature and relative major species concentrations. Laser-induced fluorescence interferences arising from OH and O₂ are observed in emission near the Raman spectra. These interferences do not preclude Raman measurements, however.     

Plume temperature in the laser ablation of polyimide films measured by infrared emission spectroscopy

The infrared emission spectrum of the plume produced by KrF excimer laser ablation of polyimide films in air and in He was measured in the 680 to 1580 cm^–1 wavenumber range. Using 400 mJ/cm² laser pulses of 248 nm and 35 ns duration yielded a strong emission band characteristic of thev ₂ transitions of hot HCN molecules. Band counters calculations were carried out of thev ₂ emission expected from HCN in thermal equilibrium at various temperatures. They indicate that except for a slight deviation of the measured data from thermal equilibrium, the best fit of the observed results is obtained at a plume temperature of 2250±150K.     

Preparation of a Single Layer of Luminescent Nanocrystalline Si Structures by Laser Irradiation Method

KrF excimer laser annealing on ultrathin hydrogenated amorphous Si films with various initial Si thicknesses is carried out to obtain a single layer of nanocrystalline Si structures. It is found that Si nanograins can be obtained with the area density as high as 10^11 cm^-2 under the irradiation with suitable laser fluence. Raman and planar transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the formation process of Si nanocrystals from amorphous phase. Moreover, a strong photoluminescence is observed at room temperature from well-relaxed nanocrystalline Si structures.