一种改进的R-L分数阶导数定义在固体推进剂粘弹性本构模型中的应用

针对Riemann-Liouville分数阶导数定义的不足之处进行了改进,利用改进过的分数阶导数定义,建立了类Kelvin体粘弹性本构模型,并应用于某固体推进剂上,对本构方程中的三个参数进行了求解,与经典的prony级数模型进行比较,采用分数阶导数的类Kelvin体粘弹性本构模型与实验结果能很好地吻合.     

复杂介质中任意阶频率依赖耗散声波的分数阶导数模型

实验现象表明,声波在复杂介质中传播时,其衰减往往呈现频率的任意次幂律依赖现象.鉴于复杂介质的力学和物理性质的记忆性和长程相关性,频率幂律依赖的声波衰减现象难以用经典的声波方程描述,因为经典的阻尼波方程和近似热黏性波方程只能分别描述与频率无关和频率二次方依赖的声衰减.近年来,带有分数阶导数项的声波方程已被成功用于描述这一声衰减现象.基于课题组对声波衰减分数阶导数建模的研究,对已有的分数阶导数声波方程的研究进展及获得的成果做一个系统的综述,重点讨论这些模型的力学本构、统计力学解释等.简述了软物质中声波传播的时间分数阶导数唯象模型和本构模型,空间分数阶导数唯象模型和本构模型,并深入讨论了各种模型之间的联系与区别:介绍了分数阶导数声波模型在多孔介质中的成功应用,该部分内容涉及了均匀和非均匀多孔介质,刚性固体骨架和可变形固体骨架多孔介质等;通过空间分数阶扩散方程与Levy稳定分布之间的联系,给出了频率幂律依赖指数的变化区间为[0,2]的统计力学解释.最后,讨论了声波传播耗散行为的分数阶导数建模领域仍然存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了探讨和展望.     

黏弹性土层中单桩纵向振动的对比分析

在频率域内研究了黏弹性土层中端承桩纵向振动的动力特性.将土骨架视为具有分数阶导数本构关系的黏弹性体,基于黏弹性理论,采用平面应变模型给出了分数阶导数黏弹性土层的动力阻抗.考虑桩纵向振动时的横向惯性效应,将桩等效为Rayleigh-Love杆,得到了桩头动力复刚度和导纳的解析表达式.通过数值计算,分析了不同模型土条件下桩头动刚度因子和阻尼随激励频率的动力响应.同时,研究了Rayleigh-Love和Euler-Bernoulli两种模型桩动力特性的差异.分析了桩-土界面连续性模型和相对滑移模型对黏弹性土层中桩纵向振动的影响.结果表明:1随着阶数和材料参数比的增加,桩头刚度因子和阻尼明显减小;2对于大直径桩,随着外荷载激励频率的增加,桩横向效应对刚度因子和阻尼有显著影响.3连续性模型条件下桩头的刚度因子和阻尼在共振时的振幅小于相对滑移模型条件.     

分数阶导数粘弹性模型的有限元法

在分析分数阶导数三元件模型理论的基础上,把分数阶导数三元件模型引入有限元模型中,推导出具有分数阶导数三元件本构关系的粘弹性结构动力学有限元格式。同时,应用分数阶导数型粘弹性结构动力学方程的数值算法求解了该有限元格式的数值解。并以二维沥青路面结构为例进行了路面动态粘弹性响应分析。算例分析表明,该方法能够正确有效地进行路面动态粘弹性分析。     

黏弹性准饱和土中球空腔动力特性

在频率域内研究了内水压力作用下分数导数型黏弹性准饱和土中球空腔的稳态动力响应. 通 过引入与孔隙率有关的应力系数合理地确定了介质和孔隙水共同承担的内水压力值. 将土骨 架和衬砌分别视为具有分数导数本构模型的黏弹性体和多孔柔性材料, 基于Biot两相介质模 型, 通过引入位移势函数解耦得到了内水压力作用下分数导数型黏弹性准饱和土中半封闭球 形空腔的位移、应力和孔隙水压力解析表达式. 考察了物性和几何各参数对球形空腔动力响 应的影响, 结果表明: 分数导数本构模型更合理地描述了土体的动力学行为; 饱和度对应力 和孔隙水压力影响较大, 而对位移影响较小.     

基于Weibull分布的盐岩分数阶蠕变本构模型研究

采用流变程控仪对湖北江汉油田盐岩试样进行了三轴蠕变实验。基于Weibull随机分布获得岩石损伤变量随加载时间的变化形式,构建了变黏性系数Abel粘壶本构关系。基于分数阶微分理论,采用将变黏性系数Abel粘壶替代西原正夫模型中Newton粘壶的方法,建立了盐岩蠕变损伤本构模型,并采用最小二乘法拟合获得了该本构模型中的参数。通过拟合曲线对比发现,本文提出的盐岩分数阶蠕变本构模型在描述盐岩的蠕变全过程,尤其是加速蠕变过程中具有较明显的优势,并且验证了西元正夫模型为本文所提出的本构模型的一个特例。     

基于分数阶模型的牡蛎壳动力学特性研究

贝壳、牡蛎等天然材料因其轻质高强的力学特性在材料设计等领域受到了广泛的关注,但由于材料本身结构的复杂性,对其力学行为的研究十分困难。近年来,分数阶模型在研究材料的力学特性上取得了成功,相比传统模型,分数阶模型可以更好地表征复杂介质的应力或应变与时间的关系。因此,本文从波传播理论出发,以分数阶模型作为材料本构,得到了复杂介质的波传播控制方程。通过Laplace变换得到了控制方程的解析解,并通过Laplace数值逆变换分析了波的衰减对分数阶模型中参量的敏感性,讨论了不同于材料弹性、黏性的材料“惯性”特性。接着,基于解析解和多种实验测试信号,给出了得到分数阶模型参数的拟合式子。以牡蛎材料作为研究对象,利用CO₂脉冲激光器进行小试样的冲击加载、应用两点激光干涉测速系统(laser interferometer velocimetry system, VISAR)对表面粒子的速度进行测量,得到了4种密度下不同厚度的牡蛎壳试样的粒子速度时程曲线,再结合上述理论方法分析得到了牡蛎壳试样的Abel模型和分数阶Maxwell模型的参数,模型参数反映了牡蛎壳试样的细微观结构特征。结果...     

文章导读

复杂介质中任意阶频率依赖耗散声波的分数阶导数模型(1265–1280, doi：10.6052/0459-1879-16-186)蔡伟,陈文
　　声波在复杂介质中传播时,其衰减往往表现为频率的幂函数形式.综述了软物质中声波传播的分数阶导数本构模型和唯象模型;讨论了时间和空间分数阶导数黏性耗散声波方程的联系与区别;介绍了频率幂律依赖指数在[0,2]之间变化的统计力学解释;概述了多孔介质中的分数阶导数声波方程。     

广义Maxwell黏弹性流体在两平板间的非定常流动

将分数阶微积分运算引入Maxwell黏弹性流体的本构方程，研究了黏弹性流体在两平板问的非定常流动．对于广义Maxwell黏弹性流体的分数阶导数模型，导出了对时间具有分数阶导数的特殊运动方程，利用分数阶微积分的Laplace变换理论，得到了流动的解析解．     

深埋圆柱形隧洞黏弹性衬砌-土系统稳态振动的解析解

衬砌和土体具有黏弹性性质.将土骨架和衬砌结构视为具有分数阶导数本构的黏弹性体,在频率域内研究了深埋圆柱形隧洞衬砌和土体系统的动力特性.基于黏弹性理论,根据界面连续性条件,分别得到了黏弹性土体和衬砌结构的径向位移、应力等的解析表达式.在此基础上,对比分析了经典弹性土和弹性衬砌系统、分数导数黏弹性衬砌和土体系统的动力特性.考察了土体和衬砌的模量比、衬砌厚度、分数导数阶数、材料参数比对系统动力响应的影响.结果表明:经典弹性土和弹性衬砌系统与分数导数黏弹性衬砌和土体系统的动力特性存在较大差异.随着分数导数阶数的增加,衬砌的径向位移和环向应力幅值明显减小;土体的黏性对系统动力特性的影响大于衬砌黏性的影响.     

Multiaxial Mechanical Characterization of Interpenetrating Polymer Network Reinforced Acrylic Elastomer

The acrylic elastomer membrane VHB 4910 is a material widely used for applications as Dielectric Elastomer Actuators DEA. For suitable actuation performance however, it is necessary to pre-strain the very compliant membrane. This reduces the lifetime of DEA due to early failure of the tensioned membrane. Interpenetrating Polymer Network Reinforced Acrylic Elastomers (IPN) are produced by introducing a curable additive into the pre-strained acrylic elastomer membrane. While curing at elevated temperature, the additive forms a second polymeric network that supports part of the pre-strain in the acrylic membrane. This leads to a free standing material that combines the actuation performance of pre-strained VHB 4910 with an excellent long-term reliability. This work presents a detailed mechanical characterization of acrylic IPN membranes. To reduce the experimental effort required to characterize the nonlinear elastic behavior, we developed a unique specimen design that enables the assessment of uni- and biaxial stress states within one experiment. Slight changes in the material composition of IPN-membranes lead to substantial variations in their mechanical properties. The extraction of material behavior in different kinematic states within a single sample thus reduces the uncertainty on the determination of constitutive models. An extensive experimental campaign was carried out involving uniaxial and equibiaxial tension and relaxation. Image based local deformation measurements and iterative finite element calculations were applied to derive constitutive model parameters that describe the mechanical response in a wide range of planar strain and strain rate.     

聚氯乙烯弹性体静动态力学性能及本构模型

为揭示聚氯乙烯弹性体在静、动态载荷下的力学性能，采用万能材料试验机和改进的分离式霍普金森压杆实验装置获得了材料在应变率为0.001、0.01、0.1、1 510、2 260和3 000 s?1下的应力应变曲线，并以屈服强度为整形器优选参数，对比了紫铜、铜版纸和铅等3种整形器材料的整形效果。使用修正的ZWT非线性黏弹性本构模型描述聚氯乙烯弹性体在静、动态载荷下的力学性能。结果表明:聚氯乙烯弹性体在静态载荷下具有应变率效应和显著的超弹性特性，动态载荷下表现出较明显的应变率效应和较强的抗变形能力，且静动态载荷下的力学行为受应变历史影响较大。3种整形器材料中铜版纸的整形效果最好。修正后的ZWT非线性黏弹性本构模型能够得到统一参数的本构表达式，且各应变率下的拟合结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性。     

Stretch-induced wrinkling of polyethylene thin sheets: Experiments and modeling

This paper presents a study on stretch-induced wrinkling of thin polyethylene sheets when subjected to uniaxial stretch with two clamped ends. Three-dimensional digital image correlation was used to measure the wrinkling deformation. It was observed that the wrinkle amplitude increased as the nominal strain increased up to around 10%, but then decreased at larger strain levels. This behavior is consistent with results of finite element simulations for a hyperelastic thin sheet reported previously (Nayyar et al., 2011). However, wrinkles in the polyethylene sheet were not fully flattened out at large strains (>30%) as predicted for the hyperelastic sheet, but exhibited a residual wrinkle whose amplitude depended on the loading rate. This is attributed to the viscoelastic response of the material. Two different viscoelastic models were adopted in finite element simulations to study the effects of viscoelasticity on wrinkling and to improve the agreement with the experiments, including residual wrinkles and rate dependence. It is found that a parallel network model of nonlinear viscoelasticity is suitable for simulating the constitutive behavior and stretch-induced wrinkling of the polyethylene sheets.     

Time-dependent behavior of passive skeletal muscle

An isotropic three-dimensional nonlinear viscoelastic model is developed to simulate the time-dependent behavior of passive skeletal muscle. The development of the model is stimulated by experimental data that characterize the response during simple uniaxial stress cyclic loading and unloading. Of particular interest is the rate-dependent response, the recovery of muscle properties from the preconditioned to the unconditioned state and stress relaxation at constant stretch during loading and unloading. The model considers the material to be a composite of a nonlinear hyperelastic component in parallel with a nonlinear dissipative component. The strain energy and the corresponding stress measures are separated additively into hyperelastic and dissipative parts. In contrast to standard nonlinear inelastic models, here the dissipative component is modeled using an evolution equation that combines rate-independent and rate-dependent responses smoothly with no finite elastic range. Large deformation evolution equations for the distortional deformations in the elastic and in the dissipative component are presented. A robust, strongly objective numerical integration algorithm is used to model rate-dependent and rate-independent inelastic responses. The constitutive formulation is specialized to simulate the experimental data. The nonlinear viscoelastic model accurately represents the time-dependent passive response of skeletal muscle.     

基于仿真和智能算法骨骼肌超弹性本构参数的反演方法研究

从事高强度的体力工作者经常会发生肌肉软组织的损伤, 因此对骨骼肌的变形特性和应力分布的研究受到了越来越多的重视. 获取正确的本构参数对于生物软组织的力学行为的研究至关重要, 而本构参数的确定本质上是一个逆过程, 具有很大的挑战性. 本文分别采用K近邻(K-nearest neighbor, KNN)模型和支持向量机回归(support vector machine regression, SVR)模型并结合非线性有限元仿真, 提出了两种确定骨骼肌本构参数的反演方法. 首先建立了骨骼肌压缩的有限元模型, 对其压缩条件下的变形特性进行了有限元仿真, 得到了相应的变形特性及应力分布规律, 同时也建立了骨骼肌组织的名义应力和主伸长之间非线性关系的数据集. 其次, 分别利用KNN模型和SVR模型搭建了针对骨骼肌组织进行本构参数反演的机器学习智能算法, 对相应的数据集进行训练, 结合单轴压缩实验的实验数据预测了材料的本构参数. 最后, 对分别基于KNN模型和SVR模型对骨骼肌超弹性本构参数的误差结果进行了分析, 通过引入相关系数$R$和决定系数$R^{2}$对采用两种反演方法的有效性进行数值上的验证. 结果表明, 利用KNN模型和SVR模型结合有限元仿真是确定骨骼肌超弹性本构参数的有效、准确的方法, 该方法也可进一步推广到其他类型的非线性软组织的本构参数反演.      

温度对介电弹性体材料力电耦合变形的影响（固体力学大会文章）

介电弹性体（Dielectric elastomer,简称DE）材料是一类在电场激励下可以产生大幅度尺寸或形状变化的新型柔性功能材料。DE材料具有非常宽的温度应用范围,这种宽的温度工作范围和快速大变形性能为各种柔性致动器结构提供了良好的基础,但作为一种粘弹性高分子材料,温度对其性能的影响也是非常明显的。然而到目前为止,所有关于DE材料驱动性能的研究仅局限于室温条件下,温度变化对DE材料力电耦合稳定性的影响几乎没有相关报道。基于此,通过实验研究了温度对最常用的DE材料（VHB 4910,3M）力电耦合变形的影响,结果表明：升高温度可以提高DE材料的力电耦合变形;温度越高,DE材料越容易发生力电耦合失效。然后,从热力学和粘弹性力学出发,建立了考虑温度影响后的DE材料的粘弹性力电耦合模型,数值模拟理论结果和实验结果非常吻合。     

Plane surface suddenly set in motion in a viscoelastic fluid with fractional Maxwell model

The fractional calculus approach in the constitutive relationship model of viscoelastic fluid is introduced. The flow near a wall suddenly set in motion is studied for a non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluid with the fractional Maxwell model. Exact solutions of velocity and stress are obtained by using the discrete inverse Laplace transform of the sequential fractional derivatives. It is found that the effect of the fractional orders in the constitutive relationship on the flow field is significant. The results show that for small times there are appreciable viscoelastic effects on the shear stress at the plate, for large times the viscoelastic effects become weak. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10002003), Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education, Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education     

110甲基乙烯基硅橡胶材料参数的确定

应用INSTRON5544对110甲基乙烯基硅橡胶材料进行了单轴大变形压缩的力学特性测试。本文根据已有的Mooney-Rivilin模型和Yeoh模型的本构关系,采用泰勒级数展开的办法获得了基于小变形的本构关系表达式。利用本文所得本构关系,将实验数据进行了非线性拟合处理,得到了相应的Mooney-Rivilin模型和Yeoh模型的材料参数。拟合所得的名义应力-应变曲线与实测的名义应力-应变曲线吻合较好。利用非线性拟合所得的Mooney-Rivilin模型和Yeoh模型的材料参数,应用ABAQUS软件进行有限元分析计算。通过有限元的分析计算,验证了Mooney-Rivilin模型和Yeoh模型材料参数的正确性与可行性。     

A three-dimensional nonlinear model for dissipative response of soft tissue

A set of three-dimensional constitutive equations is proposed for modeling the nonlinear dissipative response of soft tissue. These constitutive equations are phenomenological in nature and they model a number of physical features that have been observed in soft tissue. The equations model the tissue as a composite of a purely elastic component and a dissipative component, both of which experience the same total dilatation and distortion. The stress response of the purely elastic component depends on dilatation, distortion and the stretch of material fibers, whereas the stress response of the dissipative component depends on distortional deformation only. The equations are hyperelastic in the sense that the stress is obtained by derivatives of a strain energy function, and they are properly invariant under superposed rigid body motions. In contrast with standard viscoelastic models of tissues, the proposed constitutive model includes the total deformation rate in evolution equations that can reproduce the observed physical feature that the hysteresis loops of most biological soft tissues are nearly independent of strain rate (Biomechanics, Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, second ed. (1993)). Material constants are determined which produce good agreement with uniaxial stress experiments on superficial musculoaponeurotic system and facial skin.     

聚氨酯橡胶超弹性本构模型拟合效果评估

对聚氨酯橡胶进行了单轴拉伸、单轴压缩和平面拉伸试验,采用常用的超弹性本构模型拟合试验数据,并基于拟合优度、拟合曲线与试验曲线相似性、相对偏差三方面,对拟合效果进行评估．结果表明：采用拟合优度评估,能从总体上反映超弹性本构模型对试验数据的拟合效果,采用拟合曲线与试验数据相似性的对比进行评估,能直观反映超弹性本构模型对试验数据的拟合效果,若同时考虑相对偏差,则可以反映超弹性本构模型与试验数据之间的相对偏差量,更为准确地对超弹性本构模型的拟合效果进行评估．