经济弹性函数的几何解释

弹性函数是研究当自变量有微弱变化时 ,函数的相对变化率 .本文构造一条初始弹性直线 ,弹性函数就是函数的切线斜率与初始弹性直线斜率之比 ;也是函数在弹性支点的微分与初始弹性直线在弹性支点的增量之比 .     

商品的总收益弹性与需求弹性守恒定理及其应用

本文介绍和证明了同一商品的总收益弹性与需求弹性守恒定理［１］及其推论，获得了一个重要公式，即ＥＲ±Ｅｄ＝１（ＥＲ即商品的总收益弹性，Ｅｄ即需求弹性）并以市场上常见的商品为例，列举了这一公式在经济预测决策方面的种种应用。     

半空间的热弹性问题——弹性通解方法的应用

本文基于弹性力学的通解,求解了半空间的热弹性问题.这种解法对于轴对称问题及半平面问题特别有效.应用这种解法我们对几种典型的热弹性半空间问题进行了求解.     

关于需求价格弹性的探讨

需求价格弹性是管理经济学中的一个重要概念,是指导市场行为的重要指标,如何理解需求价格弹性概念,掌握弹性的计算方法就显得格外重要.本文探讨需求价格弹性的概念及计算方法.     

需求弹性与供给弹性的几何特征

常见的通过需求曲线(D)或供给曲线(S)的陡峭或平缓程度来研究需求弹性或供给弹性的大小,是不确切的、不全面的.为了更好地掌握弹性的大小变化,本文引进等弹性曲线簇的概念与图形,讨论需求弹性与供给弹性的几何特征,并通过实例分析更确切全面地比较需求弹性或供给弹性的大小.     

电磁场中变厚度载流圆板的非线问题

本文建立了在非定常电磁场和机械场作用下变厚度载流弹性圆板在非线性变形状态下的磁弹性二维关系方程和运动方程，给出了弹性圆板在轴对称条件下的数值解．     

非均匀法向荷载下半空间的二阶弹性效应问题

本文提供各向同性弹性半空间，在非均匀分布法向荷载下，二阶弹性效应的一个封闭形式解，运用积分变换方法，讨论了按Ｈｅｒｔｚ规律分布的荷载情形；导出了不可压缩各向同性弹性材料的极限解；算出了上述二阶弹性材料问题在ｚ方向的位移和法向应力数值。我们发现，与线弹性情形相比较，在二阶弹性材料中相应位移增大而法向应力减小。     

非线性弹性体的弹性动力学变分原理

本文根据文献[1],对非线性应力应变关系的弹性体,导出了弹性动力学问题的变分原理和广义变分原理,提出了混合位移协调元和混合应力协调元的瞬时广义变分原理.     

关于经济应用数学中需求价格弹性与总收益关系讨论的补充说明

教材［１］与教材［２］在经济函数的研究中，对弹性函数——相对变化率与总收益（市场销售总额）之间的关系进行了讨论，本文主要对两种教材的讨论作一个补充说明．     

A dynamic frictional contact problem for piezoelectric materials

We consider a mathematical model which describes the frictional contact between a piezoelectric body and an electrically conductive foundation. The process is dynamic, the material's behavior is modeled with an electro-viscoelastic constitutive law and the contact is described by subdifferential boundary conditions. We derive the variational formulation of the problem which is in the form of a system involving a second order evolutionary hemivariational inequality for the displacement field coupled with a time-dependent hemivariational inequality for the electric potential field. Then we prove the existence of a unique weak solution to the model. The proof is based on arguments of abstract second order evolutionary inclusions with monotone operators.     

Existence for the thermoelastic thermistor problem

We study a new model for the thermistor problem that consists of a system of dynamic thermoelasticity equations of displacement and a stationary charge conservation equation of electrical current. The heat source generated by Joule heating is quadratic in the gradient of the electrical potential. This system is nonlinear and degenerate since the electrical conductivity is assumed to be temperature dependent and vanishes at large temperatures. We establish the existence of a very weak solution, the so-called “capacity solution” for the model. The proof is based on regularization and time retarding.     

A class of dynamic frictional contact problems governed by a system of hemivariational inequalities in thermoviscoelasticity

In this paper we prove the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution for a dynamic thermoviscoelastic problem which describes frictional contact between a body and a foundation. We employ the nonlinear constitutive viscoelastic law with a long-term memory, which includes the thermal effects and considers the general nonmonotone and multivalued subdifferential boundary conditions for the contact, friction and heat flux. The model consists of the system of the hemivariational inequality of hyperbolic type for the displacement and the parabolic hemivariational inequality for the temperature. The existence of solutions is proved by using recent results from the theory of hemivariational inequalities and a fixed point argument.     

Analysis of a dynamic contact problem for electro-viscoelastic cylinders

We consider a mathematical model which describes the antiplane shear deformations of a piezoelectric cylinder in frictional contact with a foundation. The process is mechanically dynamic and electrically static, the material behavior is described with a linearly electro-viscoelastic constitutive law, the contact is frictional and the foundation is assumed to be electrically conductive. Both the friction and the electrical conductivity condition on the contact surface are described with subdifferential boundary conditions. We derive a variational formulation of the problem which is of the form of a system coupling a second order hemivariational inequality for the displacement field with a time-dependent hemivariational inequality for the electric potential field. Then we prove the existence of a unique weak solution to the model. The proof is based on abstract results for second order evolutionary inclusions in Banach spaces. Finally, we present concrete examples of friction laws and electrical conductivity conditions for which our result is valid.     

多孔介质中两相不可压缩可混溶驱动问题的动态混合元方法及其特征修正格式

许多依赖时间的问题涉及到局部化现象,如突出的前沿位置、激波、边界层等, 其位置随时间而变动.多孔介质中两相不可压缩可混溶驱动问题是一典型的、有代表性 的"局部化现象"问题,其数学模型为耦合非线性偏微分方程组的初边值问题.为减轻数 值解在局部前沿位置的数值振荡,提高解的精确性,本文给出了该问题的动态混合元格 式和沿特征线修正的动态混合元格式,证明了其收敛性,并给出了误差估计.     

A frictional contact problem with normal damped response for elastic-visco-plastic materials

We study an evolution problem which describes the dynamic contact of an elastic-visco-plastic body with a foundation. We model the contact with normal damped response and a local friction law. A damage of the material caused by elastic deformation is taken into account, its evolution is described by an inclusion of parabolic type. We derive variational formulation for the model which is in the form of a system involving the displacement field, the stress field and the damage field. We prove the existence and uniqueness result of the weak solution. The proof is based on arguments of evolution equations with monotone operators, a classical existence and uniqueness result on parabolic inequalities and fixed point.     

Asymptotic analysis for a dynamic piezoelectric shallow shell

The paper deals with the asymptotic formulation and justification of a mechanical model for a dynamic piezoelastic shallow shell in Cartesian coordinates. Starting from the three‐dimensional dynamic piezoelastic problem and by an asymptotic approach, the authors study the convergence of the displacement field and of the electric potential as the thickness of the shell goes to zero. In order to obtain a nontrivial limit problem by asymptotic analysis, we need different scalings on the mass density. The authors show that the transverse mechanical displacement field coupled with the in‐plane components solves an problem with new piezoelectric characteristics and also investigate the very popular case of cubic crystals and show that, for two‐dimensional shallow shells, the coupling piezoelectric effect disappears. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the linearization of identifying the stored energy function of a hyperelastic material from full knowledge of the displacement field

We compute a local linearization for the nonlinear, inverse problem of identifying the stored energy function of a hyperelastic material from the full knowledge of the displacement field. The displacement field is described as a solution of the nonlinear, dynamic, elastic wave equation, where the first Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor is given as the gradient of the stored energy function. We assume that we have a dictionary at hand such that the energy function is given as a conic combination of the dictionary's elements. In that sense, the mathematical model of the direct problem is the nonlinear operator that maps the vector of expansion coefficients to the solution of the hyperelastic wave equation. In this article, we summarize some continuity results for this operator and deduce its Fréchet derivative as well as the adjoint of this derivative. Because the stored energy function encodes mechanical properties of the underlying, hyperelastic material, the considered inverse problem is of highest interest for structural health monitoring systems where defects are detected from boundary measurements of the displacement field. For solving the inverse problem iteratively by the Landweber method or Newton‐type methods, the knowledge of the Fréchet derivative and its adjoint is of utmost importance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Method of Fundamental Solution for a Radially Symmetric Heat Conduction Problem with Variable Coefficient

We consider an inverse heat conduction problem with variable coefficient on an annulus domain. In many practice applications, we cannot know the initial temperature during heat process, therefore we consider a non-characteristic Cauchy problem for the heat equation. The method of fundamental solutions is applied to solve this problem. Due to ill-posedness of this problem, we first discretize the problem and then regularize it in the form of discrete equation. Numerical tests are conducted for showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Mathematical Justification of an Obstacle Problem in the Case of a Plate

In this paper the modeling of a thin plate in unilateral contact with a rigid plane is properly justified.Starting from the three-dimensional nonlinear Signorini problem,by an asymptotic approach the convergence of the displacement field as the thickness of the plate goes to zero is studied.It is shown that the transverse mechanical displacement field decouples from the in-plane components and solves an obstacle problem.