β-环糊精对聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚的双模式包结作用

通过表面张力法、浊点法、硫氰酸钴铵显色法和¹H NMR研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)对聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚(PL)的包结作用. 结果表明, β-CD可与PL形成2∶1和3∶1型两种超分子包结物, 表现出不同的物理化学性质. PL的疏水性烷基链被包络进β-CD空腔中, 形成了2∶1的超分子包结物;PL的亲水性聚氧乙烯基链被包络进β-CD空腔中, 形成了3∶1的超分子包结物. 结合实验结果, 通过比较β-CD和PL分子的大小, 提出了β-CD对PL分子两种可能的包结模式.     

meso-四-(2-噻吩基)铜卟啉-环糊精超分子体系的光谱学研究

以紫外可见分光光度法和荧光光谱法研究了非水溶性meso-四-（2-噻吩基）铜卟啉（简称Cu—TTP）与四种环糊精α—CD、β—CD、γ—CD、TM—β—CD相互作用形成的超分子体系，结果表明Cu-TTP与TM-β-CD形成了1：2的包结物，而与其它三种环糊精主要形成1：1的包结物。在α—CD、β—CD、γ-CD三种母体环糊精中，α—CD与Cu—TTP的包结常数最大；β-CD与其衍生物TM-β-CD相比，TM-β-CD与Cu—TTP的包结常数较大。本文对四种环糊精和Cu-TTP的包结机理作了初步探讨。为铜卟啉和环糊精的相互作用及其超分子体系的研究提供了基础。     

无溶剂无催化剂条件下芳香醛与3-甲基异噁唑-5-酮的缩合反应

在无溶剂无催化剂条件下, 芳香醛与3-甲基异噁唑-5-酮经室温研磨和固相加热发生缩合反应得到了系列3-甲 基-4-芳亚烃基异噁唑-5-酮. 产物的结构经¹H NMR, IR, MS和元素分析确证.     

碱性离子液体催化的5-芳亚甲基-2-硫代-4-噻唑酮衍生物的合成

以碱性离子液体[bmim]OH为溶剂和催化剂, 由芳香醛与2-硫代-4-噻唑酮在沸水浴中反应30～75 min, 以89%～ 96%的产率制备了5-芳亚甲基-2-硫代-4-噻唑酮. 结果表明该方法简便易行, 产率较高, 所使用的离子液体对环境友好, 并可循环使用. 产物结构经¹H NMR和IR确证.     

β-环糊精与两性表面活性剂相互作用

用表面张力法研究了β-环糊精与十一烷基酰胺甲酸钠(C₁₁H₂₃CONHCOONa,SF)两性表面活性剂在不同温度下的包结作用。结果表明:SF的表面张力值(β)及表观临界胶束浓度(cmc^*)加入β-CD后增加,β-CD浓度越大,γ和cmc^*增加越多,且SF的cmc^*与β-CD浓度存在线性关系,随温度的升高,两性表面活性剂的表面张力值降低,意味着它们的表面活性随温度升高而增强。利用表面张力测定了β-CD-SF体系在不同温度下的包结形成常数K_a,进而求得了包结过程的焓变和熵变,结果表明,该过程是焓和熵均有利的过程,进一步说明疏水作用是形成包结物最重要的的作用力之一。     

β-环糊精与肉桂醇包结物的制备及包结性能的研究

本文期望对β-环糊精(β-CD)/肉桂醇包结物在食品、化妆品、医药等领域中的实际应用以及肉桂醇的水相有机反应提供理论基础。采用水溶液法制备肉桂醇与β-CD的包结物。在β-CD∶肉桂醇(摩尔比)=1∶1的基础上,以肉桂醇的包结率为考察指标,优选出的包结工艺为:包结温度为333 K,包结时间为1h,肉桂醇的包结率达到88.7%。通过DSC、1H NMR和UV-vis对包结物结构进行表征,表明β-CD与肉桂醇形成了摩尔比为1∶1的包结物,298K时的包结常数为206 M-1,ΔG为-13.2 kJ·mol-1,表明此包结过程是一个自发的过程。进一步用PM3/ONIOM分层法对β-CD/肉桂醇包结物的最稳定结构进行了分子模拟,认为包结物的最稳定结构为肉桂醇的羟基位于β-CD的小口端。     

无溶剂条件下合成顺/反3-芳基亚甲基-2,3-二氢-吲哚-2-酮类化合物

无溶剂条件下, 芳香醛与2-吲哚酮在碱性条件下通过研磨, 方便有效地合成了一系列3-芳基亚甲基-2,3-二氢- 吲哚-2-酮类化合物, 该反应条件温和, 时间短, 产率高, 对环境友好. 产物的结构得到¹H NMR, IR, HRMS的表征, 其中(Z)-3e和(Z)-3j的结构得到了X单晶衍射的进一步确证.     

烃基硅铜酸盐与2-芳基-2-环烯酮1,4-加成反应的立体选择性及2-取代- 3-硅基环烷酮的合成

研究了烷基苯基硅铜酸盐与2-环烯酮的1,4-加成反应的立体选择性, 并合成了一系列新的2-取代-3-硅基环烷酮. 结果表明, 在0 ℃下用饱和NH₄Cl溶液处理, 烷基苯基硅铜酸盐与2-芳基-2-环烯酮的1,4-加成反应的立体选择性不同程度地受芳基和环的大小影响, 得到顺、反两种产物; 并首次发现室温下用甲醇处理反应时, 其立体选择性不受或者很少受环大小、芳基的性质以及与硅原子相连的取代基的影响, 只得到反式产物. 芳基溴甲烷与由烷基苯基硅铜酸盐与2-环烯酮1,4-加成所得的烯醇盐反应时, 只得到反式产物. 合成产物的结构用IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS和HRMS等进行了表征.     

5-[2-(8-羟基喹啉-2-基)乙烯基]-2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉的合成、抗氧化活性及促进鼠骨髓间质干细胞增殖的研究

设计合成了5-[2-(8-羟基喹啉-2-基)乙烯基]-2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉(5), 用IR, UV, ¹H NMR, MS和元素分析确认其结构. 利用DPPH•法和噻唑蓝比色法(MTT法)分别测定了目标产物的抗氧化活性及调控鼠骨髓间质干细胞(MSCs)增殖的作用. 结果表明, 目标产物有较强的抗氧化活性, 在低浓度时对鼠骨髓间质干细胞有促进作用.     

E-、Z-2-(1-咪唑基)-O-（α-甲基对卤苄基）-2′，4′-二氯苯乙 酮肟硝酸盐的合成与结构表征

首先以2,4-二氯氯代苯乙酮、咪唑、羟胺和对卤苯乙酮为原料,分别合成E-、Z-2-（1-咪唑基）-2′,4′-二氯苯乙酮肟(ⅠE、ⅠZ)和对卤-α-氯乙苯（ⅡA和ⅡB）,ⅠE和ⅠZ分别与ⅡA和ⅡB反应,生成E-、Z-2-（1-咪唑基）-O-（α-甲基对卤苄基）-2′,4′-二氯苯乙酮肟硝酸盐四个新化合物,产率为52.0%～60.0%,并经元素分析、IR和1HNMR进行了表征。     

Cyclodextrins in Polymer Synthesis: Photoinitiated Free‐Radical Polymerization of N‐Isopropylacrylamide in Water Initiated by a Methylated β‐Cyclodextrin/2‐Hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐phenylpropan‐1‐one Host/Guest Complex

Methylated β‐cyclodextrin (Me‐β‐CD) was used to complex a free‐radical photoinitiator, 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐phenylpropan‐1‐one ( 1 ), yielding the water‐soluble 1 : 1 host/guest complex 1 a . The structure of complex 1 a was verified by means of IR, UV/vis and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The influence of Me‐β‐CD as the host on the photopolymerization kinetics of N‐isopropylacrylamide was studied. Compared to the photopolymerization carried out under nearly identical conditions but without cyclodextrin, an increase in the polymerization rate was registered in the presence of complex 1 a .     

Veronicafolin－β-环糊精的物化表征及Veronicafolin－羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物溶解性的增强

用氢谱、红外光谱、X-射线粉末衍射、热分析、元素分析等测试方法研究了Veronicafolin (3,5,4′-三羟基-6,7,3′-三甲氧基黄酮) 和β-环糊精 (β-CD) 的固体包合物的谱学特征。元素分析结果显示形成Veronicafolin-β-CD·20H2O包合物，其中C：39.58%, H: 5.75%，表明包合物中主客体比为1∶1。该包合类型属于A_L-型。通过紫外-可见分光光度法研究了在羟丙基-β-环糊精（HP-β-CD）的存在下Veronicafolin的相溶解度曲线，测得校正曲线为y = 24148x + 0.0075 (r=0.9999)，相溶解曲线为y=0.4738x-2.0×10^-7 (r=0.9490)，包结平衡常数Ks为4.5×10⁶mol-1。HP-β-CD提高了黄酮醇Veronicafolin的溶解度。     

Ruthenium Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Diels–Alder Reactions: Reverse‐Face Selectivity for α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones

Acrolein, methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, 3‐methyl‐3‐en‐2‐one, and divinyl ketone were coordinated to a cationic cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(II) Lewis acid incorporating the electron‐poor bidentate BIPHOP–F ligand. Analysis by NOESY and ROESY NMR techniques allowed the determination of conformations of enals and enones present in solution in CD₂Cl₂. The results were compared to solid‐state structures and to the facial selectivities of catalytic asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions with cyclopentadiene. X‐Ray structures of four Ru‐enal and Ru‐enone complexes show the α,β‐unsaturated C=O compounds to adopt an anti‐s‐trans conformation. In solution, enals assume both anti‐s‐trans and anti‐s‐cis conformations. An additional conformation, syn‐s‐trans, is present in enone complexes. Enantioface selectivity in the cycloaddition reactions differs for enals and enones. Reaction products indicate enals to react exclusively in the anti‐s‐trans conformation, whereas with enones, the major product results from the syn‐s‐trans conformation. The alkene in s‐cis conformations, while present in solution, is shielded and cannot undergo cycloaddition. A syn‐s‐trans conformation is found in the solid state of the bulky 6,6‐dimethyl cyclohexanone‐Ru(II) complex. The X‐ray structure of divinyl ketone is unique in that the Ru(II) center binds the enone via a η² bond to one of the alkene moieties. In solution, coordination to Ru–C=O oxygen is adopted. A comparison of facial preference is also made to the corresponding indenyl Lewis acids.     

Fluorescence Sensing and Selective Binding of a Novel 4,4′‐Sulfonyldianiline‐Bridged Bis(β‐cyclodextrin) for Bile Salts

A novel 4,4′‐sulfonyldianiline‐bridged bis(β‐cyclodextrin (CD)) 2 was synthesized, and its complex stability constants (K_s) for the 1 : 1 inclusion complexation with bile salts, i.e., cholate (CA), deoxycholate (DCA), glycocholate (GCA), and taurocholate (TCA) have been determined in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at 25° by fluorescence spectroscopy. The result indicated that 2 can act as efficient fluorescent sensor and display remarkable fluorescence enhancement upon addition of optically inert bile salts. Structures of the inclusion complexes between bile salts and 2 were elucidated by 2D‐NMR experiments, indicating that the anionic tail group and the D ring of bile salts penetrate into one CD cavity of 2 from the wide opening deeply, while the phenyl moiety of the CD linker is partially self‐included in the other CD cavity to form a host–linker–guest binding mode. As compared with native β‐CD 1 upon complexation with bile salts, bis(β‐CD) 2 enhances the binding ability and molecular selectivity. Typically, 2 gives the highest K_s value of 26200 M ^?1 for the complexation with CA, which may be ascribed to the simultaneous contributions of hydrophobic, H‐bond, and electrostatic interactions. These phenomena are discussed from the viewpoints of multiple recognition and induce‐fit interactions between host and guest.     

Enatioselective Chalcogeno‐Baylis‐Hillman Reaction of Arylaldehydes with MVK and Acrylates Catalyzed by Chiral Thiepin‐TiCl4 Complex

In a rational chiral molecular design of chalcogenides, optically active thiepin with C₂‐symmetric chirality was synthesized from commercially available thiophene. Then enatioselective Chalcogeno‐Baylis‐Hillman reactions of arylaldehydes with methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and acrylates were investigated in the presence of thiepin‐Lewis acid complex. Finally, up to 64% ee was achieved in the presence of 0.2 equiv. of (S)‐thiepin at 20°C.     

Oil‐absorbent beads containing β‐cyclodextrin moieties: preparation via suspension polymerization and high oil absorbency

A novel type of polymeric beads with high oil absorbency was prepared via suspension polymerization technique. For this purpose, β‐cyclodextrin with vinyl groups (β‐CD‐MA) was first synthesized from β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and glycidyl methacrylate, and identified by FT‐IR and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy analyses. Suspension polymerizations were carried out with styrene and stearyl acrylate as co‐monomers, β‐CD‐MA as cross‐linking agent, poly(vinylalcohol) as stabilizer and azoisobutyronitrile as initiator, providing polymeric beads in a quantitative yield. The oil‐absorbent beads had a porous structure and exhibited high oil absorbency: 55 times the dry weight in toluene, 52 times in xylene, 75 times in CHCl₃ and 102 times in CCl₄. The novel beads also showed high absorbency toward toluene from a toluene/water mixture, demonstrating the potential applications of such novel oil‐absorbent beads for cleaning organic contaminations from water. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Investigation of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Chain Dynamics and Order in Its Inclusion Compound with γ‐Cyclodextrin by Fast‐MAS Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy

The dynamics of poly(dimethylsiloxane) in its inclusion compound with γ‐cyclodextrin are elucidated using modern fast‐MAS solid‐state NMR techniques. Measurements of methyl ¹H–¹H and ¹H–¹³C dipolar coupling constants indicate that the polymer undergoes a uniform motion, rendering all methyl groups equivalent. The dynamics of the Si—C bond is characterized by either a dynamic order parameter of S = 0.72, or, assuming a stably rotating helical structure, an inclination angle of 73° relative to the rotation axis.     

A Novel,One‐Pot Four‐Component Route to 2′‐Thioxo‐2′,3′‐dihydrospiro[indole‐3,6′‐[1,3]thiazin]‐2‐one Derivatives

An efficient route to 2′,3′‐dihydro‐2′‐thioxospiro[indole‐3,6′‐[1,3]thiazin]‐2(1H)‐one derivatives is described. It involves the reaction of isatine, 1‐phenyl‐2‐(1,1,1‐triphenyl‐λ⁵‐phosphanylidene)ethan‐1‐one, and different amines in the presence of CS₂ in dry MeOH at reflux (Scheme 1). The alkyl carbamodithioate, which results from the addition of the amine to CS₂, is added to the α,β‐unsaturated ketone, resulting from the reaction between 1‐phenyl‐2‐(1,1,1‐triphenyl‐λ⁵‐phosphanylidene)ethan‐1‐one and isatine, to produce the 3′‐alkyl‐2′,3′‐dihydro‐4′‐phenyl‐2′‐thioxospiro[indole‐3,6′‐[1,3]thiazin]‐2(1H)‐one derivatives in excellent yields (Scheme 2). Their structures were corroborated spectroscopically (IR, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, and EI‐MS) and by elemental analyses.     

Self‐Assembled Submonolayer of β‐Cyclodextrins on Gold Electrode for the Selective Determination of 4‐Aminobiphenyl

The formation of an inclusion complex between 4‐aminobiphenyl (4‐AB) and β‐cyclodextrin molecules (β‐CD), allows the use of thiolated β‐CDs as chemi‐adsorbed material on a Au electrode as a self‐assembled submonolayer for the selective square wave voltammetric determination of 4‐AB. The submonolayer was characterized by reductive desorption and an association constant of 1.2×10⁴ L/mol was obtained. The optimization of variables yielded a linear dependence of ip/4‐AB concentration in the range of 10^?5 to 10^?4 mol/L. The selectivity of the method was evaluated in the presence of other aromatic amines obtaining better results with the modified electrode. This methodology was applied to the voltammetric determination of 4‐AB in wastewater samples.     

One‐ and two‐dimensional NMR characterization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone/methyl acrylate copolymers

N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone/methyl acrylate (V/M) copolymers were prepared by free‐radical bulk polymerization using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The copolymer composition of these copolymers was calculated from ¹H NMR spectra. The radical reactivity ratios for N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (V) and methyl acrylate (M) were r_V = 0.09, r_M = 0.44. These reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of V and M were determined using the Kelen–Tudos and nonlinear least‐squares error‐in‐variable methods. The ¹³C{¹H} and ¹H NMR spectra of these copolymers overlapped and were complex. The complete spectral assignment of the ¹³C and ¹H NMR spectra were done with distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer and two dimensional ¹³C‐¹H heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopic experiments. The two‐dimensional ¹H‐¹H homonuclear total correlation spectroscopic NMR spectrum showed the various bond interactions, thus inferring the possible structure of the copolymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2225–2236, 2002