甲壳素铁卟啉制备及其催化空气氧化环己烷研究

首次采用甲壳素和四苯基铁卟啉制备高分子金属卟啉固载物 甲壳素四苯基铁卟啉 ,并用电镜 ,紫外和红外光谱技术对它进行表征 ,测定了铁卟啉在甲壳素上的表观吸附常数 ,研究了其催化性能 .研究结果表明 :四苯基铁卟啉能牢固地固载在甲壳素上 ,其表观吸附常数为 6 .80× 10 4L·mol-1.在无溶剂 ,无助催化剂和还原剂的体系中 ,它能高效催化空气氧化环己烷生成环己酮和环己醇 ,在 4 18K和 0 .8MPa的反应条件下 ,环己醇和环己酮选择性为 74 .5 % ,环己烷的摩尔转化率为 14 .79% ,催化剂转化数达到 3.80× 10 5.相对未固载的四苯基铁卟啉催化剂转化数 (按铁卟啉计 )提高了 2 1倍 .     

高分子多糖载体对四苯基金属卟啉催化性能影响

在壳聚糖四苯基金属卟啉中, 氨基或羟基可能对金属卟啉的稳定性和催化活性起重要作用. 为探索这两类基团的作用效果差异, 并调查具有类似壳聚糖结构的纤维素作为载体, 对金属卟啉的保护以及羟基的协助催化作用, 制备了纤维素四苯基铁、钴和锰卟啉. 研究了纤维素四苯基铁、钴和锰卟啉催化空气氧化环己烷的能力, 并与相应的壳聚糖金属卟啉比较. 在418 K和0.8 MPa的空气压力下, 纤维素四苯基铁(钴或锰)卟啉均只能作一次性催化而耗尽; 所获得的醇酮选择性均低于相应的壳聚糖四苯基金属卟啉. 研究结果表明: 纤维素对四苯基铁、钴和锰卟啉没有明显的保护作用, 羟基对其催化环己基过氧化氢的协助分解作用也比较小. 壳聚糖对金属卟啉有很强的保护作用, 氨基有较强的协助金属卟啉催化环己基过氧化氢分解的能力, 使醇酮选择性提高.     

次卟啉二甲酯钴络合物均相选择性催化氧化环己烷

以次卟啉二甲酯钴[Co(DPDME)]为仿生催化剂,分子氧（空气）为氧给体,无其它辅助催化剂的条件下研究了催化氧化环己烷的反应。考察了反应温度、空气压力、催化剂用量和卟啉配体结构对醇酮的产率及选择性的影响。结果表明,在相同条件下,次卟啉二甲酯钴的催化活性明显高于其它的钴卟啉催化剂。以次卟啉合钴为催化剂,浓度为0.015 mmol/L,反应温度423 K,在空气压强为0.8 MPa的条件下反应5 h,环己烷的转化率达到18.17％,选择性为87.43％。温度对次卟啉钴的催化活性影响较大,温度高于443 K时,催化剂的稳定性降低,但是其转化数仍达到了66 646。对次卟啉二甲酯钴催化空气氧化环己烷的反应路径作了初步探讨。     

金属次卟啉二甲酯对空气氧化环己烷的催化作用

在无任何外加溶剂及共还原剂的条件下, 将金属次卟啉二甲酯应用于催化空气氧化环己烷的氧化反应. 结果表明, 金属次卟啉二甲酯能够很好地催化环己烷的氧化反应, 与简单的金属四苯基卟啉相比, 金属次卟啉二甲酯催化剂具有更高的催化活性. 进而研究了络合金属对其催化性能的影响.     

咪唑修饰硅胶配位固载锰(Ⅲ)卟啉对环己烷空气氧化的催化作用

应用3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷和咪唑成功地对硅胶表面进行了修饰,并通过咪唑基纵轴配位方式固载了四苯基锰(Ⅲ)卟啉.在无任何外加溶剂及共还原剂的条件下,应用此高分子金属卟啉作为催化剂,选择性地催化空气氧化环己烷为环己酮和环己醇.研究结果表明,与未固载金属卟啉相比,固载金属卟啉具有更高的催化活性和催化选择性,反应具有更高的酮醇比,催化剂的稳定性有了较大的提高,便于回收和重复使用.另外还探讨了载体在此催化体系中对催化性能的影响.     

氧化锌负载四(4-硝基苯基)钴卟啉催化氧化环己烷性能

将四(4-硝基苯基)钴卟啉(Co-TNPP)负载在氧化锌(Zn O)载体制备负载型金属卟啉催化剂Co-TNPP/Zn O,并对其进行了紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis),红外光谱(FT-IR),X射线衍射(XRD),热重分析(TG/DTG),比表面分析(BET)和电感耦合等离子体(ICP)表征.考察了催化剂在无溶剂的条件下催化氧气氧化环己烷的性能.实验结果表明:在反应温度为150℃,氧气压力为1.2 MPa,反应时间为2.0 h的条件下,环己烷转化率9.82%,环己醇和环己酮选择性83.37%.负载型金属卟啉催化剂经过5次循环使用,环己烷的平均转化率和环己醇、环己酮平均选择性分别为9.95%、83.61%,催化剂的平均转化数为2.18×105.负载型金属卟啉催化剂Co-TNPP/Zn O在较温和的条件下表现出优良的环己烷催化氧化性能,克服了金属卟啉催化剂难以回收、无法循环使用的缺点,具有很好的工业价值和应用前景.     

金属卟啉的电化学性质与其催化氧化α-蒎烯性能的关系

 采用循环伏安法对一系列四苯基金属卟啉的电化学氧化还原性质进行了研究,考察了四苯基金属卟啉的第一还原电位与其催化氧化α-蒎烯性能的关系. 结果表明,各四苯基金属卟啉催化空气氧化α-蒎烯转化率的大小顺序为 TPPMnⅢCl＞TPPCoⅢCl＞TPPFeⅢCl＞TPPCuⅡ≈TPPNiⅡ≈TPPZnⅡ,除TPPCoⅢCl外,基本与其第一还原电位的大小顺序一致. 随着卟啉环上取代基供电子能力的减弱,各取代基铁卟啉和锰卟啉的第一还原电位E1值均逐渐减小,表现在催化体系中是它们越容易被还原而引发反应,催化氧化α-蒎烯的转化率逐渐升高. 四苯基铁卟啉和锰卟啉的第一还原电位E1与其卟啉环上对位取代基常数σ*之间均有良好的线性关系.     

在醛基化交联聚苯乙烯微球表面同步合成与固载卟啉及固载化金属卟啉的高效催化氧化性能

采用Kornblum氧化反应, 先将氯甲基交联聚苯乙烯(CMCPS)的氯甲基氧化为醛基, 制得醛基(AL)化改性微球ALCPS, 然后使改性微球ALCPS与溶液中的苯甲醛(或取代的苯甲醛)、吡咯之间发生固-液相之间的Adler反应, 成功地实现了卟啉在交联聚苯乙烯微球表面的同步合成与固载, 制得了固载有苯基卟啉(PP) 、对氯苯基卟啉(CPP)、对硝基苯基卟啉(NPP)的功能微球, 最后使功能微球与钴盐发生配合反应, 制备了固载有三种钴卟啉的固体催化剂. 研究重点有两方面: (1)考察主要因素对卟啉同步合成与固载过程的影响|(2)考察固载化钴卟啉在催化分子氧氧化环己烷羟基化过程中的催化特性. 实验结果表明, 以醛基化改性微球ALCPS与溶液中的吡咯及小分子苯甲醛(或取代的苯甲醛)为共反应物, 通过固-液之间的Adler反应, 可以顺利地实现卟啉在微球ALCPS表面的同步合成与固载, 这是制备固载化卟啉的新途径|苯甲醛的取代基结构、催化剂的酸性与溶剂的性质对卟啉的同步合成与固载都有较大的影响|所制备的固体催化剂对分子氧氧化环己烷羟基化的反应, 具有很高的催化活性(环己烷最高转化率约为40%)与选择性(环己醇的选择性在90%以上), 这是由固体催化剂特殊的化学结构所决定的.     

Co(Ⅱ)-3,8-双乙基次卟啉二甲酯的合成及催化空气氧化环己烷应用

以氯化血红素为原料, 经过脱铁、酯化、催化加氢和络合金属得到仿生催化剂Co(Ⅱ)-3,8-二乙基次卟啉二甲酯. 在无其它外加溶剂及共还原剂的条件下, 将其应用到催化空气氧化环己烷反应, 将实验结果同Co(Ⅱ)原卟啉二甲酯催化氧化空气氧化环己烷的结果进行对照, 并对催化氧化的机理进行了初步研究. 实验结果表明, Co(Ⅱ)-3,8-双乙基次卟啉二甲酯克服了Co(Ⅱ)原卟啉二甲酯3,8-位乙烯基取代基不稳定的缺点, 能够很好催化空气氧化环己烷, 环己醇和环己酮的总收率达16.9%.     

氨基卟啉配合物的合成、表征和催化性能研究

合成了3种5－（4－乙二胺烷氧基）苯基－10，15，20－三苯基卟啉及其锰配合物，并用UV－Vis,IR,^1H NMR和LC－MCD表征了它们的结构。考察了这3种锰卟啉配合物对空气－乙苯体系直接羟基化的催化性能。结果表明，这种氨基卟啉配合物对空气氧化乙苯体系具有良好的催化作用，其催化活性比四苯基卟啉强3倍－4倍。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.