圆弧形面阵自适应波束形成快速计算方法

针对圆弧形面阵估计水下目标二维波达方向的问题,提出一种降维处理的自适应波束形成方法。利用圆弧形面阵模型简化阵列内插矩阵的计算,通过垂直和水平两阶段波束加权,降低自适应波束形成维数,从而实现快速估计声源二维波达方向的目的。仿真结果表明,所提改进方法的计算量较传统二维最小方差无失真波束形成方法降低约一个数量级,且在低快拍条件下具有更明显的噪声抑制优势。湖上实验数据处理结果验证,在复杂水声环境下,所提方法具有较好的目标分辨性能。      

同心圆环阵列模态波束形成器设计

针对贝塞尔函数零点造成的模态波束形成器性能损失的问题,提出了基于均匀同心圆环阵列的模态波束形成器设计方法。从阵元域出发,建立了阵元域和圆谐波域之间的转换关系,推导了圆谐波域阵列信号处理表达式,其中重点推导了延时求和、最小方差无失真响应和多约束波束形成器的设计方法。理论证明了在平面各向同性噪声场中的基于同心环阵的圆谐波域最小方差无失真响应波束形成器等价于相位模式波束形成器。在该结论的基础上,综合考虑相位模式波束形成器在一定频率范围内的稳健性和指向性,提出了一种同心圆环阵列的内环半径优化方法。使用16元双环阵列对本文提出的波束形成算法进行仿真和实验,结果表明:同心圆环阵列能够较好地解决贝塞尔函数零点问题;其中多约束波束形成器能够在多个关联的性能指标之间取得合理的折衷,实现优于相位模式和延时求和波束形成器的声源定位性能。对内环半径优化方法进行仿真和分析结果表明,该方法得到了相较于传统方法更优的阵列结构。      

阵列指向性二次型约束稳健波束形成算法

提出了一种基于阵列指向性二次型约束的优化算法,以提高最小方差无畸变响应(MVDR)波束形成对方向矢量的稳健性。通过控制阵列波束指向附近的小区域的自适应波束图与期望波束图的加权平方误差,使波束主瓣区域内的信号畸变最小,同时保持了对约束区间外的干扰信号的抑制能力。数值结果表明:在理想阵形和阵形畸变情况下,无方位失配时,利用本文算法的阵列输出信号与干扰噪声比(SINR)与新近出现的球面约束稳健Capon方法相当,而存在方位失配时,本文算法均优于后者。     

双基地多输入多输出虚拟阵列的稳健低旁瓣波束优化技术

双基地多输入多输出(MIMO)系统需要对目标的波达角和波离角进行二维估计,针对高分辨算法中阵列协方差矩阵处理运算量大以及估计性能对阵列流形失配敏感的缺陷,提出了一种基于二阶锥规划的抗阵列流形失配的双基地MIMO虚拟阵列波束优化算法.该方法利用MIMO的波形分集技术与双基地的目标定位解算,通过波达角和波离角在双基地定位椭圆上的对应关系,将双基地MIMO的二维合成方向矢量转化为一维的虚拟阵列流形,并证明了双基地MIMO虚拟阵列的波束图等效为发射波束图在接收阵角度域上的响应和接收波束图的合成.在优化波束图旁瓣的同时,该算法兼顾了固定方向上的相干干扰抑制,并提高了双基地MIMO虚拟阵列波束优化抗阵列流形失配的能力.通过波束图和方位谱优化的仿真分析和水池试验,验证了算法的有效性.     

基于超指向性多极子矢量阵的水下低频声源方位估计方法研究

针对水下低频声源的方位估计问题,基于基元紧密排列的二维矢量阵,建立了一种超指向性波束形成方法.根据矢量基元差分运算构建各阶多极子模型,获得了几乎与频率无关的模态函数,并经加权计算可在低频条件下实现超指向性波束,以解决阵列孔径对波束性能的限制.同时,结合输出信噪比最大准则所得波束,分析了超指向性波束形成算法的稳定性与波导的影响程度,探索模态阶数与阵列参数的选取原则.通过阵列性能的仿真计算与实际阵列的测量数据表明,该算法可在小尺寸阵列孔径下获得良好的阵列波束,兼具了水下线型超指向性阵和环形超指向性阵的优点,可有效实现水下低频声源的水平方位估计;且波束性能可通过调节模态阶数与基元间距以达到最佳,并受水下声波导多途与频散效应影响有限.     

采用空间谱加权稀疏约束的稳健Capon波束形成方法

针对标准Capon波束形成器旁瓣级高以及期望信号方向存在误差时,性能会严重下降的问题,提出一种基于噪声及干扰空间谱加权的稀疏约束Capon波束形成方法。该方法利用波束响应本身具有的稀疏特性,以及在稀疏重构算法中l₁范数具有抑制较大值保护较小值的特性,使用噪声及干扰的空间谱对不同角度的波束响应进行加权,然后施以稀疏约束。仿真、水池试验与湖上试验中,与其它几种方法比较表明该方法可以降低波束形成器的旁瓣级,获得较深的零陷,提高了阵列输出信干噪比与抗导向向量误差的能力。      

一种加权稀疏约束稳健Capon波束形成方法

为了克服标准Capon波束形成器旁瓣级高以及存在角度失配时性能急剧下降等缺点, 在稀疏约束Capon波束形成器的基础上, 提出了一种加权稀疏约束Capon波束形成器. 该方法利用波束响应的稀疏分布特性, 在标准Capon波束形成优化模型中加入旁瓣区域波束响应稀疏约束(l₁ 范数约束), 使旁瓣区域波束响应向量中非零元素的个数最小化; 通过阵列采样数据协方差矩阵特征分解得到信号子空间及噪声子空间, 利用信号子空间与噪声子空间的正交特性, 构造加权矩阵对稀疏约束进行加权, 使得稀疏重构时波束响应向量中不同角度对应的元素得到不同程度的约束. 该方法有效地抑制了Capon波束形成器的高旁瓣级, 加深了干扰方位零陷, 提高了阵列输出信干噪比. 由于稀疏约束, 波束响应向主瓣集中, 期望信号方向附近的波束响应都较大, 从而也提高了阵列抗导向矢量角度失配的能力. 数值仿真和水池实验验证了所提方法的有效性.     

高精度球面阵聚焦声源定位方法研究

提出了一种高精度高空间分辨率球面阵聚焦声源定位方法——虚拟源法。该方法通过球面阵波束扫描获得实际声源的空间聚焦谱,并假定各扫描点为虚拟声源,将实际声源聚焦谱看作是全体虚拟源共同作用的结果,由此得到各虚拟源对声场的贡献量,从而可实现声源精确定位。仿真研究分析了频率,阵列孔径,声场模态阶数,信噪比等参数对声源定位性能的影响,并与常规算法进行对比。结果显示,该方法不受频率和阵列孔径的限制,避免了空间“混淆”,能够进行高精度高分辨率声源定位,并具有良好的背景噪声抑制能力。      

阵元随机均匀分布球面阵列联合噪声源定位方法

基于球面传声器阵列的噪声源定位方法,设计加工了阵元随机均匀分布64元球面传声器阵列,研究了球面近场声全息和球谐函数模态展开聚焦波束形成联合噪声源定位识别方法,对算法的性能进行了仿真分析,并利用球面传声器阵列进行了噪声源的定位识别试验.研究表明,阵元随机均匀分布球面阵列具有全空间稳定的目标定位性能,球面近场声全息对低频近距离声源具有较高的定位精度,球谐函数模态展开聚焦波束形成对高频远距离声源具有较高的定位精度,将两种方法联合进行声源的定位识别,可以在较小孔径的球面阵列和较少阵元的条件下,在宽频带范围内获得对目标声源良好的定位性能.     

基于半定规划和秩-1分解的稳健波束形成

针对标准Capon波束形成器在存在导向矢量失配时性能急剧下降问题, 提出了一种基于半定规划和秩-1分解的稳健波束形成算法. 该方法通过对实际导向矢量的估计提高自适应波束形成算法稳健性. 首先分别从干扰抑制和噪声抑制两个方面推导了新导向矢量应满足的约束条件, 并证明了利用矩阵滤波器构造约束条件的合理性; 构造了估计最优导向矢量的优化问题并将其转化为易于求解的松弛半定规划问题, 同时引入秩-1分解理论用于优化问题的求解. 仿真分析表明, 与目前较为常见的算法相比, 本文算法只需利用期望信号可能入射区间这一先验信息, 能获得更高输出信干噪比和功率估计精度. 关键词： 稳健自适应波束形成 半定规划 秩-1分解 导向矢量估计     

Beamforming for directional sources: additional estimator and evaluation of performance under different acoustic scenarios

Beamforming is done with an array of sensors to achieve a directional or spatially-specific response by using a model of the arriving wavefront. Conventionally, a plane wave or point source model is used and this can cause decreased array gain or even total breakdown of beamforming when the source is directional. To avoid this, the authors proposed in recent work an alternative beamforming method which defines a set of "sub-beamformers," each designed to respond to a different spatial mode of the source. The outputs of the individual sub-beamformers are combined in a weighted sum to give an overall output of better quality than that of a monopole beamformer. This paper extends the previous work by introducing an additional estimator for the weighted sum and by presenting simulation results to demonstrate the relative performance of the proposed method and the different estimators for a directional source in the presence of diffuse noise, reverberation, and an interfering source. Gain optimization subject to a constraint on the white-noise gain with the proposed beamforming method is also introduced. Generally, when beamforming on directional sources, the proposed method outperforms beamforming with a point source model when the input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 0 dB or higher.     

球谐域混叠消除最优波束形成方法EI北大核心CSCD

为解决现有的球谐域混叠消除波束形成方法设计目标单一、难以很好地兼容多变的应用场景的问题,提出了球谐域混叠消除最优波束形成方法,并建立了其二阶锥规划形式的多重约束凸优化数学模型。得益于该数学模型,提出了旁瓣约束的混叠消除最大指向性波束形成器、鲁棒的混叠消除最大指向性波束形成器、混叠消除最小方差无失真响应波束形成器、零点约束的混叠消除最大指向性波束形成器。提出方法继承了现有球谐域混叠消除波束形成方法的混叠消除功能,且能够在指向性指数、白噪声增益、旁瓣水平等多个冲突的性能指标之间寻求适宜折中,便于用户根据实际应用需求灵活地调整约束参数得到特定场景下综合性能最优的波束形成器。     

零点约束矩阵滤波设计

为解决在空域预滤波阶段抑制强噪声的问题,提出了零点约束矩阵滤波设计方法,并给出了解的表达式。通过设计凸规划问题,在严格约束阻带响应等于零的情况下,使通带误差最小。将凸规划问题转换为线性约束二阶最优化问题,构造Lagrange函数并得到最优解,重排后得出滤波矩阵。仿真可知,本方法可设计出强干扰离散分布或处于某扇面的预滤波器,可用于解决常规波束形成算法受强干扰影响方位估计性能的问题。      

无线携能通信系统中基于能量获取比例公平的波束成形设计

针对无线携能通信系统中存在能量获取不均衡的问题, 提出了一种基于能量获取比例公平的波束成形设计方案. 该方案在满足信息接收者的信干噪比以及发送端的最大发送功率等约束条件的基础上, 通过优化波束矢量实现能量获取的比例公平. 此设计在数学上是一个很难直接求解的非凸优化问题.为此, 本文首先利用半定松弛技术将其转换为半定规划问题, 然后结合二分法提出了可以获得最优波束矢量的迭代算法.此外, 在发送端仅知道部分信道状态信息且知道信道误差范围的情况下, 采用最差性能最优的方法对原优化问题进行了鲁棒波束成形设计, 并提出了相应的迭代算法. 仿真结果表明所提算法均可实现能量获取的比例公平且性能达到全局最优.     

球体表面圆环阵模态域稳健高增益波束形成方法研究

通过对考虑障板影响下噪声互谱矩阵的精确求解,给出了一种计算刚性球体表面圆环阵阵增益的模型,并在此基础上提出了一种模态域二阶锥规划稳健高增益波束形成方法。该方法根据相位模态波束形成理论,将阵元域稳健加权向量转换为模态域的稳健模态系数,从而设计出不同模态阶数下的稳健高增益波束。由于采用了白噪声增益约束以及低频段较低的模态阶数,该方法提高了超增益波束形成器的稳健性。仿真结果表明该方法能够提供更多的稳健波束形成的方案,在多个关联的波束性能指标之间获得比常规方法和阵元域稳健性方法更合理的折衷。      

New generalized zero forcing beamforming for serving more users in energy-harvesting enabled networks

This paper considers a multi-user wireless communication network supported by a multiple-antenna base station (BS), where the users who are located sufficiently close to the BS employ wireless energy harvesting (EH) to replenish their energy needs. The objective of this work is to design an efficient beamforming to maximize the minimum throughput among all the information users (IUs), subject to EH constraints. In this regard, transmit time-switching approach is employed, where energy and information are transmitted over different fractions of a time-slot. To achieve efficient EH, a conjugate beamforming (matched filtering) is applied. To design efficient information beamforming for max–min throughput optimization, conventional zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming can be adopted, however, it will not suppress multi-user interference if the number of users is greater than the number of antennas at the BS. To this end, different from the existing works which employ regularized zero-forcing (RZF) beamforming, this work proposes a new generalized zero-forcing (GZF) beamforming, which promises better max–min throughput compared to that achieved by the RZF beamforming. A new path-following algorithm is developed to achieve max–min throughput optimization by GZF beamforming, which is based on a simple convex quadratic program over each iteration.     

Energy-efficient beamforming optimization for MISO communication based on reconfigurable intelligent surface

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), a planar metasurface consisting of a large number of low-cost reflecting elements, has received much attention due to its ability to improve both the spectrum and energy efficiency (EE) by reconfiguring the wireless propagation environment. In this paper, we propose a base station (BS) beamforming and RIS phase shift optimization technique that maximizes the EE of a RIS-aided multiple-input–single-output system. In particular, considering the system circuits’ energy consumption, an EE maximization problem is formulated by jointly optimizing the active beamforming at the BS and the passive beamforming at the RIS, under the constraints of each user’ rate requirement, the BS’s maximal transmit power budget and unit-modulus constraint of the RIS phase shifts. Due to the coupling of optimization variables, this problem is a complex non-convex optimization problem, and it is challenging to solve it directly. To overcome this obstacle, we divide the problem into active and passive beamforming optimization subproblems. For the first subproblem, the active beamforming is given by the maximum ratio transmission optimal strategy. For the second subproblem, the optimal phase shift matrix at the RIS is obtained by exploiting sine cosine algorithm (SCA). Moreover, for this case where each reflection element’s working state is controlled by a circuit switch, each reflection element’s switch value is optimized with the aid of particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, numerical results verify the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms.     

Maximization of the directivity ratio with the desired audible gain level for broadband design of near field loudspeaker arrays

This paper mainly addresses design methods for near field loudspeaker arrays. These methods have been studied recently since they can be used to realize a personal audio space without the use of headphones. From a practical view point, they can also be used to form a directional sound beam within a short distance from the sources especially using a linear loudspeaker array. In this regard, we re-analyzed the previous near field beamforming methods in order to obtain a comprehensive near field beamforming formulation. Broadband directivity control is proposed for multi-objective optimization, which maximizes the directivity with the desired gain, where both the directivity and the gain are commonly used array performance measures. This method of control aims to form a directive sound beam within a short distance while widening the frequency range of the beamforming. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that broadband directivity control achieves higher directivity and gain over our whole frequency range of interest compared with previous beamforming methods.     

有源声呐中的改进加权自适应高分辨距离估计方法

为提高有源声呐对目标回波亮点的距离分辨能力,提出了一种改进加权自适应高分辨距离估计方法,所提方法功率谱中的权值矩阵可采用3种形式:第1个元素为残差平方和其余为0的对角阵、单位阵、残差平方和构成对角阵,采用不同参考子带高阶线性预测的调和平均构造功率谱表达式,避免了距离维自适应方法功率谱中的低阶线性预测。通过数值仿真和水池试验对所提方法与距离维自适应方法进行了比较研究,结果表明所提方法在接近的计算量下获得较优的距离分辨能力。      

AN-aided beamforming for IRS-assisted SWIPT systems

This paper studies artificial noise (AN)-aided beamforming design in an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted system empowered by simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique. Multiple power splitting (PS) single-antenna receivers simultaneously receive information and energy from a multi-antenna base station (BS). Although all users are legitimate, in each transmission interval only one receiver is authorized to receive information and the others are only allowed to harvest power which are considered as unauthorized receivers (URs). To prevent information decoding by URs, AN signal is transmitted from the BS. We adopt a non-linear model for energy harvesting. In the optimization problem, we minimize the total transmit power, and for this purpose, we utilize an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm. For the non-convex rank-one constraint for IRS phase shifts, we utilize a sequential rank-one constraint relaxation (SROCR) algorithm. In addition to single antenna URs scenario, we investigate multi-antenna URs scenario and evaluate their performance. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of using IRS.