用同步辐射X荧光测量大鼠脑中微量元素的分布

采用同步辐射微探针技术研究了正常大鼠脑中的微量元素的分布,并给出了二维空间分布图.结果显示:Cl,Ca,Zn,主要集中分布在海马区,K,主要分布在海马和 皮层,而,Cu,的分布则相对无规律.元素的聚类分析结果表明,Cl,和,K,的分布相关性较好.由于同步辐射,X,荧光技术可以更直观地给出脑组织的二维元素分布, 因此这种方法可用于研究发生病变的脑中微量元素的变化.     

In-Situ Monitoring of Chromium Uptake in Different Parts of the Wheat Seedling (Triticum aestivum) using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

The present work is a methodological study to investigate the effect of chromium (VI) stress on wheat seedlings. Point detection capability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was utilized for the monitoring of in-situ chromium uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. Chromium accumulation and its effects on other elements in wheat seedling were investigated by comparing the intensities of spectral lines of chromium and other minerals present in the LIBS spectra. In-situ LIBS spectra of the different parts of the wheat seedlings were recorded by directly focusing the laser beam on the surface of root, stem, and leaf of the seedlings grown with and without chromium-containing solutions. The spectra obtained from the different parts (root, stem, and leaf) of the wheat plant were analyzed to determine the distribution pattern/accumulation of chromium. Effect of the chromium uptake on the distribution pattern of other elements like calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) was also investigated. It was observed that chromium concentrations in plant organs decreased in the following order: roots > leaves > stems.     

汉中元胡中8种金属元素含量的测定

采用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法对汉中元胡中钾、钙、钠、镁、锌、锰、铜、铁8种金属元素的含量进行测试,测得结果分别为K（2033.97mg/kg）、Ca（600.87mg/kg）、Na（1395.55 mg/kg）、Mg（494.88mg/kg）、Zn（220.36mg/kg）、Mn（107.75mg/kg）、Cu（39.68mg/kg）、Fe（2462.79mg/kg）。相对标准偏差的范围为0.0356%—4.4288%,回收率的范围为96.8%—101.2%。微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法是一种简便而又灵敏的测定中草药中微量元素的方法。     

原子吸收光谱法测定清热解毒类中草药中的11种微量元素

采用灰化法处理样品,HNO₃溶解灰化残渣,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了射干、白头翁、山豆根、鱼腥草、连翘、大青叶、车前草、野菊花、金银花、莲子芯、蒲公英、板兰根等20种中草药中的Ca,Mg,Mn,Cu,Fe,Zn,Cd,Pb,Co,Ni和Cr共11种微量元素。结果表明：清热解毒中草药中含有丰富的Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn和Cu等对人体有益的微量元素;加标回收率90％～110％。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定耐海水库拉索芦荟中微量元素

耐海水库拉索芦荟经硝酸和高氯酸干法消化后,在样品中加入氯化镧作为释放剂以消除共存离子的干扰,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了Ca,Mg,K,Na,Mn,Zn,Fe,Cu和Pb元素的含量。标准加入法的回收率为96.58～104.31%,10次平行测定结果的相对标准偏差RSD均小于2%。此种方法灵敏度高,操作简便快速,结果准确,重现性好。结果表明,耐海水库拉索芦荟中各元素含量差异显著,其中Ca,Mg,Na和K的含量比较丰富,Mn,Fe和Zn的含量中等,而Cu和Pb的含量很低。海水灌溉的库拉索芦荟含有人体必需的微量元素,而对身体有害的元素如Pb含量却相当低,这说明海水灌溉的库拉索芦荟具有一定的药用和经济价值。本实验结果为进一步探讨海水灌溉的库拉索芦荟提供实际依据。     

Investigation of the manganese stress on wheat plant by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

ABSTRACT

The present paper deals with the investigation of the changes in chemical contents of the leaf of wheat seedling stressed by excess manganese using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. The infrared spectra of the leaves of control and manganese-treated wheat plants have been recorded in the spectral region 485–4000?cm^?1 at a resolution of 4?cm^?1. The recorded spectrum has been analyzed with the help of curve-fitting method for the quantitative estimation of chemical contents and conformational changes. The study indicated changes arising in the polysaccharide, lignin, amino acid, secondary structure of protein, and lipid in the leaves of control and manganese-treated wheat plants. Manganese treatment increased the amount of cellulose, lignin, and amide II till 200?μM concentration, while a decrease was observed at 1000?µM concentration. Manganese induced conformational changes in the secondary structure of protein which was indicated by shifting of the bands to the higher wavenumber and change in the β sheet/α helix ratio. In addition, manganese stress decreased lipid content in the leaves of the wheat seedlings. The study demonstrates the potential of attenuated total reflectance FTIR for the non-invasive and rapid monitoring of the plants stressed with heavy metals.     

原子吸收分光光度法测定利心丸中钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌的含量

本文采用原子吸收分光光度法测定利心丸中钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌六种元素的含量。结果表明,利心丸中含有较为丰富的钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌元素,宏量元素含量,钙＞镁,微量元素含量,铁＞锌＞锰＞铜,尤以铁的含量最为丰富。本实验结果为探讨中成药利心丸中钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌的含量与治疗心血管疾病的关系提供了有用的数据。     

原子吸收分光光度法同时测定粮谷中痕量镉和胂

本文利用干扰效应并采用模拟退火－误差反向传播人工神经网络算法辅助原子吸收分光光度法在单波长下对粮谷中痕量镉和砷的同时测定进行了研究,取得了满意结果。标准加入法的回收率分别为91％－98％和87％－92％,7次平行测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于4％。该法快速、简单。     

溪黄草及其近缘种中微量元素含量的测定与分析

采用干式灰化法处理样品,HNO3溶解灰化残渣,用火焰发射法和火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了15个溪黄草及其近缘种中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn和Cu共7种微量元素的含量。结果表明:溪黄草及其近缘种中含有丰富的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn和Cu等对人体有益的微量元素,各元素在实验范围内,线性关系良好,加标回收率在89.3%～100.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=3)为0.2%～3.7%。     

Rapid analysis on the heavy metal content of spent zinc–manganese batteries by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was used to investigate the applicability for the rapid analysis on the heavy metals in spent Zn–Mn batteries. Besides the major elements carbon and zinc, a number of minor and trace elements, such as iron, manganese, vanadium, chromium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, copper, magnesium and lead were identified in the positive and negative electrode materials, and their concentrations were determined. It was found that the concentrations of heavy metals of vanadium, vanadium, manganese, zinc, iron and copper were high in the mixture of positive electrode material, while zinc and lead had high concentration in the negative electrode material. These heavy metals are of a great harm to the environment and human health.     

ICP-AES测定向日葵花盘中13种金属元素

向日葵花盘经湿法消解,采用ICP-AES对其中钾、钙、钠、钡、铝、铬、铜、镁、铁、锰、镍、锶、锌13种元素进行测定.对光谱仪的工作条件及分析谱线等测定条件进行了选择,并进行了方法的回收率及精密度试验,其回收率在95％-122％之间.     

原子吸收光谱法测定抗肿瘤中成药中微量元素

利用原子吸收光谱法测定了复方天仙胶囊、消癌平片、参灵蓝胶囊、至灵胶囊和参莲胶囊5种抗肿瘤中成药中的15种微量元素。详细讨论了消化液(混酸)种类、混酸比例、消化时间及消化液体积对测定结果的影响。结果表明：5种抗癌中成药中,Ca,Mg,K,Na,Fe,Zn,Mn,Co和Ni的含量较为丰富。     

Study of the effects of chronic arsenic poisoning in rat kidneys by means of synchrotron microscopic x‐ray fluorescence analysis

Synchrotron microscopic x‐ray fluorescence analysis (µ‐SRXRF) was used for determining the two‐dimensional distribution of Cl, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, As and Br concentrations in rat kidney slices. The animals received drinking water containing 100 ppm of sodium arsenite ad libitum for 30 and 60 days. Lyophilized kidneys sectioned from normal and treated rats were scanned with a collimated white synchrotron spectrum (300 × 300 µm). The accumulation of arsenic and copper in the rat kidney induced by arsenic exposure was corroborated, and the spatial distributions of these elements were studied in detail. While copper was restricted to the renal cortex, arsenic showed changes in its spatial distribution suggesting nephrotoxicity. A correlation between the spatial distributions of zinc and arsenic was observed, which appears to be caused by the antioxidant properties of zinc. Chlorine and potassium also changed their spatial distributions under arsenic exposure, showing a correlation probably to maintain electrical neutrality. There were no significant changes in iron and bromine but the patterns of their spatial distributions were clearly identified. The obtained results show that µ‐SRXRF is a very well‐positioned and precise technique to detect the spatial distributions of elements in mammalian tissues in healthy and diseased conditions and suggest interesting hypotheses. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用微波消解法-FAAS测定民族药腺毛菊苣根中八种金属元素的含量

腺毛菊苣是新疆维吾尔族传统习用药材,但其药物中有效微量、常量元素成分尚未进行过分析研究。试验采用HNO₃作为消解液,利用微波消解的方法处理样品,原子吸收分光光度法测定维吾尔药材菊苣根中钾(K)、镍(Ni)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)和锌(Zn)八种微量、常量元素的含量,精密度和回收率较好,回收率控制在92.25%～110.5%之间,相对标准偏差RSD≤3.88%。结果显示新疆菊苣中Mg, Ca, Fe, K等人体所需的必须微量元素含量十分丰富,特别是Mg和Ca含量较高,分别达到278.17和65.84 mg·g-1。其他元素中Mg和Zn含量中等;而Cu含量则较低,仅有0.016 5 mg·g-1,Ni含量为0.004 38 mg·g-1,实验结果为维吾尔医利用菊苣治疗心脑血管、骨质疏松症等疾病从微量元素的角度提供了有用的数据。     

原子吸收光谱法测定中成药中微量元素

利用原子吸收光谱法测定了老年咳喘片、复方半夏片、胃痛宁片、拳参片、参芪降糖胶囊、夏桑菊颗粒和美国洋参含片7种中成药中Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,K,Na,Mn,Cu,Cr,Co,Sr,Ni,Cd和Pb元素的含量。详细研究了消化液(混酸)种类、混酸中HNO₃和HClO₄比例、消化液体积及消化时间对测定结果的影响。结果表明：所选7种药物中Ca,Mg,Fe,K和Na的含量普遍比较丰富;治疗糖尿病的药物参芪降糖胶囊中Mn的含量较为丰富,而胃痛宁片中有较丰富的Sr,Mn和Cu元素。     

Transfer characterization of sulfur from coal-burning emission to plant leaves by PIXE and XANES

The impact of coal-burning emission on sulfur in camphor leaves was investigated using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and synchrotron radiation technique X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The PIXE results show that the sulfur concentrations in the leaves collected at the polluted site are significantly higher than those in controls. The Sulfur XANES spectra show the presence of organic (disulfides, thiols, thioethers, sulfonates and sulfoxides) and inorganic sulfur (sulfates) in the leaves. The inorganic sulfur in the leaves of camphor tree polluted by coal combustion is 15% more than that of the control site. The results suggest that the long-term coal-burning pollution resulted in an enhanced content of the total sulfur and sulfate in the leaves, and the uptake of sulfur by leaves had exceeded the metabolic requirement of plants and the excess of sulfur was stored as SO₄^2－. It can monitor the sulfur pollution in atmosphere.

     

ICP-AES测定山药中微量元素

用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了山药中钾、钙、钠、镁、锰、铜、铁、锌8种微量元素的含量.8种元素的RSD分别为1.12%,0.69%,0.57%,0.28%,3.54%,2.23%,1.48%,2.49%.平均回收率为92.3%-102.2%,该方法灵敏度高,结果准确,可用于山药等中草药中多种...     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铁树中微量元素

采用干式灰化法对铁树叶进行灰化处理,将其残渣溶于HNO3溶液中,用火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了铁树中的Cd、Co、Mn、Zn、Mg、Ca、Fe、Pb、Cu、Ni等10种微量元素的含量.实验表明,铁树中Ca、Mg、Fe和Zn含量较丰富.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定山药中多种微量元素

利用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了山药中钾、钙、钠、镁、铜、锌、铁、锰、锶和镍的含量。其中前八种元素的RSD分别为0.43％,1.10％,4.41％,0.68％,1.44％,1.88％,1.29％和0.03％。回收率为90.0%～111.0%,该方法灵敏度高,结果准确,可用于山药等中草药中多种微量元素的同时测定。用该法对不同地区的中草药进行微量元素分析测定。文章还对不同产地中草药微量元素含量的变化及其分布的规律性进行了讨论, 可以为探讨微量元素与中草药的质量关系提供一定的理论依据。     

Trace Elements in Lycium barbarum L. Leaves by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry after Microwave Assisted Digestion and Multivariate Analysis

The concentrations of 14 elements in Lycium barbarum L. leaves collected from the Qaidam basin (China) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave assisted digestion. This work presents two goals: (1) to determine 14 elements in L. barbarum leaves; (2) to examine the relationship between elements using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The accuracy and precision were verified against a GBW07605 Tea Leaves certified reference material. The results demonstrated that the method was reliable, reproducible, and suitable for determination of the concentrations of trace elements in L. barbarum leaves. Correlation analysis showed that aluminum–copper, arsenic–zinc, manganese–selenium, and chromium–iron have medium correlation coefficients. Principal component loading for L. barbarum leaves extracted seven components explained about 85% of the total variance. Cluster analysis depicts four clusters: (1) arsenic and titanium; (2) calcium, magnesium, manganese, selenium, and zinc; (3) cobalt, iron, and molybdenum; (4) aluminum, copper, and chromium.