弱粘性流体中垂直激励表面波的阻尼效应

在竖直振动的圆柱形容器中,将Navier-Stokes方程线性化,利用两时间尺度奇异摄动展开法研究了弱粘性流体的单一自由面驻波运动．整个流场被分为外部势流区和内部边界层区两部分,对两部分区域分别求解,得到包含阻尼项和外驱动影响的线性振幅方程．利用稳定性分析,得到形成稳定表面波的条件,给出了临界曲线．此外,还获得了阻尼系数的解析表达式．最后,将线性阻尼加到理想流体条件下所得到的色散关系中对其进行修正,理论结果证明修正后的驱动频率更加接近实验的结果．通过计算发现,当驱动的频率较低时,流体的粘性对表面波模式选择有重要影响,而表面张力的影响不明显;但当驱动频率较高时,流体的表面张力起主要作用,而流体的粘性影响甚小．     

参数激励圆柱形容器中的非线性Faraday波

在柱坐标系下,通过奇异摄动理论的多尺度展开法求解势流方程,研究了垂直强迫激励圆柱形容器中的单一模式水表面驻波模式。假设流体是无粘、不可压且运动是无旋的,在忽略了表面张力的影响下,用两变量时间展开法得到一个具有立方项以及底部驱动项影响的非线性振幅方程。对上述方程进行了数值计算,计算的结果显示了在不同驱动振幅和驱动频率下,会激发不同自由水表面驻波模式,从等高线的图像来看,和以往的实验结果相当吻合。     

计及表面张力的非传播孤波理论

本文研究了表面张力对非传播孤波运动的影响,对Larraza和Putterman的理论进行了修正。发现表面张力使孤波横向振动频率范围增大,振幅增高,宽度减小。当表面张力系数a=0时,结果与Larraza和Putterman的理论相一致。     

静电场驱动下液体薄膜的几何形状

利用六边形-俯视图的弱非线性稳定性分析和数值仿真,在电场作用下,研究高分子薄膜表面静态模式的发展过程．在无限空间域上,空间和高分子薄膜之间的界面,由薄膜方程给出其随时间的演变,综合考虑了电力的驱动和表面张力的传播．非线性界面的增长包括:波幅方程的增长,以及在准对规律方向上,一维结构的叠合．模式的选择由亚临界不稳定性机理确定,高分子薄膜的相对厚度在其中起着决定性的作用．     

变化底部对非线性表面波的影响

考虑表面张力的作用,研究了不可压缩、无粘性流体流过变化壁面时的共振流动,分析了不同的底部壁面变化对非线性表面波的影响．在导出非线性表面波遵循的fKdV方程后,利用拟谱方法进行数值模拟,用Matlab软件绘制瀑布图,由此得出结论:上凸底部上的波可以看成是向前凸台阶和向后凸台阶分别向前后散射发展的结果,二者不发生相互作用;下凹壁面的波形是向前凹台阶和向后凹台阶相互作用的结果;某些组合式底部的波形是上凸和下凹相互作用的结果．     

反铁磁材料中的空间磁孤子和非线性磁波的传播

给出了反铁磁材料(anti-ferromagnet)对圆偏报电磁波响应的非线性磁化率显式,由此导出了磁波满足的非线性波动方程。从理论上揭示了在反铁磁材料中传播的非线性线偏振磁波波束在其稳态和非稳态情况下都以空间孤子的形式存在,其空间宽度与自身的频率有关,当与频率有关的非线性磁化率为负值时,平面磁波才具有传播稳定性。     

一类非线性差分人口模型解的全局渐近稳定性

考虑非线性差分方程其中a＞0，b≤0，c＞0．方程（1）是时滞人口模型的离散模拟．J．W．Rodrigus[7]研究了方程（1）当k＝0时正平衡解的振动性和全局渐过稳定性．本文我们获得了方程（1）当k＞0时正平衡解全局渐近稳定的充分条件，从而补充了文[7]中结论．     

用等效用原理对马氏链市场的UL生存合约定价

利用效用无差异原理,根据动态规划原则,最大化财富的期望指数效用,在马氏链驱动的市场下,导出HJB方程,给出unit-linked(UL)生存合约在简单Poisson市场下的保费方程,并给出它的数值模拟．这个结果推广了Brown运动驱动的市场下的保费方程,使得UL生存合约在联接到纯跳的市场时,可以用效用无差异原理定价．     

基于Euler方程有限差分方法驻波晃动模拟

研究在二维水槽带非线性自由面边界条件的Euler方程的数值解,数值模拟了驻波的波高．将不规则的物理区域变换为一个固定的正方形计算区域,在计算区域使用交错网格技术的目的是准确捕捉流场瞬间的波高值,应用由Bang-fuh Chen建立的时间无关有限差分方法求解不可压缩无粘Euler方程的数值解．通过数值结果表明,数值解很好地吻合分析解和以前出版的文献结果．从数值解可以看出,非线性现象和拍的现象非常明显,同时数值模拟了带初始驻波的水平激励和垂直激励运动,具有很好的数值效果．     

粘弹性运动带动力响应分析

基于Kelvin粘弹性材料本构模型及带运动方程,建立了运动带非线性动力学分析模型.基于该模型和Lie群分析方法推导了匀速运动及简谐运动带线性问题的解析解;基于该非线性模型的数值仿真讨论了运动带材料参数、带稳态运动速度、扰动速度对系统动态响应的影响.结果表明:1)当带匀速运动时,无论系统是线性还是非线性,运动带横向振动"频率"都随着带运动稳态速度增加而减小.2)随着材料粘性增加,系统耗散能力逐渐增强,动态响应逐渐减小.3)当带运动速度简谐波动时,系统动态响应随扰动速度增大而增大.扰动频率对带横向振动影响较大.     

A Formulation for Water Waves over Topography

Many interesting free-surface flow problems involve a varying bottom. Examples of such flows include ocean waves propagating over topography, the breaking of waves on a beach, and the free surface of a uniform flow over a localized bump. We present here a formulation for such flows that is general and, from the outset, demonstrates the wave character of the free-surface evolution. The evolution of the free surface is governed by a system of equations consisting of a nonlinear wave-like partial differential equation coupled to a time-independent linear integral equation. We assume that the free-surface deformation is weakly nonlinear, but make no a priori assumption about the scale or amplitude of the topography. We also extend the formulation to include the effect of mean flows and surface tension. We show how this formulation gives some of the well-known limits for such problems once assumptions about the amplitude and scale of the topography are made.     

Nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor instability in magnetic fluids with uniform horizontal and vertical magnetic fields

A weakly nonlinear evolution of two dimensional wave packets on the surface of a magnetic fluid in the presence of an uniform magnetic field is presented, taking into account the surface tension. The method used is that of multiple scales to derive two partial differential equations. These differential equations can be combined to yield two alternate nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The first equation is valid near the cutoff wavenumber while the second equation is used to show that stability of uniform wave trains depends on the wavenumber, the density, the surface tension and the magnetic field. At the critical point, a generalized formulation of the evolution equation governing the amplitude is developed which leads to the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation. From the latter equation, the various stability crteria are obtained.     

Nonlinear sloshing and passage through resonance in a shallow water tank

This paper is concerned with the effect of slowly changing the length of a tank on the nonlinear standing waves (free vibrations) and resonant forced oscillations of shallow water in the tank. The analysis begins with the Boussinesq equations. These are reduced to a nonlinear differential-difference equation for the slow variation of a Riemann invariant on one end. Then a multiple scale expansion yields a KdV equation with slowly changing coefficients for the standing wave problem, which is reduced to a KdV equation with a variable dispersion coefficient. The effect of changing the tank length on the number of solitons in the tank is investigated through numerical solutions of the variable coefficient KdV equation. A KdV equation which is “periodically” forced and slowly detuned results for the passage through resonance problem. Then the amplitude-frequency curves for the fundamental resonance and the first overtone are given numerically, as well as solutions corresponding to multiple equilibria. The evolution between multiple equilibria is also examined.Received: December 16, 2003     

Nonlinear sloshing and passage through resonance in a shallow water tank

This paper is concerned with the effect of slowly changing the length of a tank on the nonlinear standing waves (free vibrations) and resonant forced oscillations of shallow water in the tank. The analysis begins with the Boussinesq equations. These are reduced to a nonlinear differential-difference equation for the slow variation of a Riemann invariant on one end. Then a multiple scale expansion yields a KdV equation with slowly changing coefficients for the standing wave problem, which is reduced to a KdV equation with a variable dispersion coefficient. The effect of changing the tank length on the number of solitons in the tank is investigated through numerical solutions of the variable coefficient KdV equation. A KdV equation which is “periodically” forced and slowly detuned results for the passage through resonance problem. Then the amplitude-frequency curves for the fundamental resonance and the first overtone are given numerically, as well as solutions corresponding to multiple equilibria. The evolution between multiple equilibria is also examined.     

Rotational waves generated by current‐topography interaction

We study nonlinear free‐surface rotational waves generated through the interaction of a vertically sheared current with a topography. Equivalently, the waves may be generated by a pressure distribution along the free surface. A forced Korteweg–de Vries equation (fKdV) is deduced incorporating these features. The weakly nonlinear, weakly dispersive reduced model is valid for small amplitude topographies. To study the effect of gradually increasing the topography amplitude, the free surface Euler equations are formulated in the presence of a variable depth and a sheared current of constant vorticity. Under constant vorticity, the harmonic velocity component is formulated in a simplified canonical domain, through the use of a conformal mapping which flattens both the free surface as well as the bottom topography. Critical, supercritical, and subcritical Froude number regimes are considered, while the bottom amplitude is gradually increased in both the irrotational and rotational wave regimes. Solutions to the fKdV model are compared to those from the Euler equations. We show that for rotational waves the critical Froude number is shifted away from 1. New stationary solutions are found and their stability tested numerically.     

Three-Dimensional Water Waves

We study the evolution of small-amplitude water waves when the fluid motion is three dimensional. An isotropic pseudodifferential equation that governs the evolution of the free surface of a fluid with arbitrary, uniform depth is derived. It is shown to reduce to the Benney-Luke equation, the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation, and to the nonlinear shallow water theory in the appropriate limits. We compute, numerically, doubly periodic solutions to this equation. In the weakly two-dimensional long wave limit, the computed patterns and nonlinear dispersion relations agree well with those of the doubly periodic theta function solutions to the KP equation. These solutions correspond to traveling hexagonal wave patterns, and they have been compared with experimental measurements by Hammack, Scheffner, and Segur. In the fully two-dimensional long wave case, the solutions deviate considerably from those of KP, indicating the limitation of that equation. In the finite depth case, both resonant and nonresonant traveling wave patterns are obtained.     

Large time existence of small viscous surface waves without surface tension

The motion of a three-dimensional viscous, imcompressible fluid is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations. We study the case where the fluid is in an ocean of infinite extent and finite depth with a free surface on top. This gives rise to a nonlinear free boundary problem. The given data are the initial velocity field and the initial free surface. In general, given smooth data, the solution will develop singularities in finite time; however, the effect of viscosity and surface tension tends to prevent the ingulitrities. It was previously known that when both are present, small, appropriately smooth solutions do not develop singularities; that is, smooth solutions exist globally in time. In this paper, we show that viscosity alone will prevent the formation of singularitics, even without surface tension; i.e., small smooth data which satisfy certain natural compatibility conditions, smooth solutions exist for all time. Uniqueness of the solution for any finite time interval is also proved.     

On Stokes flow with variable and degenerate surface tension coefficient

Short-time existence, uniqueness, and regularity results are shown for the moving boundary problem of a free drop of liquid governed by the Stokes equations and driven by surface tension. The value of the surface tension coefficient is variable, not necessarily strictly positive, and transported with the flow on the moving surface.By a perturbation of identity approach, the problem is transformed into a nonlinear, nonlocal first order degenerate parabolic evolution equation on a fixed reference manifold. Its solvability is proved by deriving a priori estimates and using Galerkin approximations.