圆柱形容器中竖直激励表面波的毛细影响

在竖直振动的圆柱形容器中,利用理想流体中两时间尺度奇摄动展开法,研究了包括表面张力影响的自由面单一表面驻波的运动．通过求解势流方程,获得了一个包含三阶非线性项、外激励及表面张力影响的非线性振幅方程．结果表明当驱动频率较低时,表面张力对表面波模式选择不重要;然而,当驱动频率较高时,表面张力的影响是不可忽略的．说明表面张力具有使得自由面返回到平衡位置的作用．另外,由于考虑了表面张力的影响,使得理论结果比无表面张力时更加接近先前的实验结果．     

弱粘性流体中垂直激励表面波的阻尼效应

在竖直振动的圆柱形容器中,将Navier-Stokes方程线性化,利用两时间尺度奇异摄动展开法研究了弱粘性流体的单一自由面驻波运动．整个流场被分为外部势流区和内部边界层区两部分,对两部分区域分别求解,得到包含阻尼项和外驱动影响的线性振幅方程．利用稳定性分析,得到形成稳定表面波的条件,给出了临界曲线．此外,还获得了阻尼系数的解析表达式．最后,将线性阻尼加到理想流体条件下所得到的色散关系中对其进行修正,理论结果证明修正后的驱动频率更加接近实验的结果．通过计算发现,当驱动的频率较低时,流体的粘性对表面波模式选择有重要影响,而表面张力的影响不明显;但当驱动频率较高时,流体的表面张力起主要作用,而流体的粘性影响甚小．     

底部形状对圆柱形港池中驻波的影响

本文用摄动法讨论了具有不规则底部的圆柱形港池中的驻波.假设流体是无粘性、不可压、无旋的.为方便起见,采用柱坐标系.速度势、波形以及频率均以相应于振幅的小参数进行摄动展开,获得了轴对称波驻的分析解,当ω₁=0时,算出了二阶频率.作为一个算例,取圆柱体底部为一轴对称抛物面,算出这种不规则底部对驻波产生灼影响.最后,对几何因素的影响进行了详细的讨论.     

推广的β平面近似下带有外源和耗散强迫的非线性Boussinesq方程及其孤立波解

在推广的β平面近似下,从包含耗散和外源的准地转位涡方程出发,利用Gardner-Morikawa变换和弱非线性摄动展开法,推导出带有外源和耗散强迫的非线性Boussinesq方程去刻画非线性Rossby波振幅的演变和发展.利用修正的Jacobi椭圆函数展开法,得到Boussinesq方程的周期波解和孤立波解,从解的结构分析了推广的β效应、切变基本流、外源和耗散是影响非线性Rossby波的重要因素.     

完整Coriolis力作用下带有外源强迫的非线性ZK方程

在正压流体中,从包含完整Coriolis参数的准地转位涡方程出发,在弱非线性长波近似下,采用多时空尺度和摄动方法,推导出大气非线性Rossby波振幅演变满足带有外源强迫的二维Zakharov-Kuznetsov(ZK)方程.然后利用Jacobi椭圆函数展开法,求解了ZK方程的椭圆正弦波解和孤立波解.分析结果表明,Coriolis参数的水平分量将影响二维Rossby波传播的频率特征,而外源不仅对二维Rossby波动的传播的频率有影响,对振幅也产生一个调制作用.     

磁场对液体-微伸缩固体介面波传播的影响

在一个传播理想的非粘性液体半空间,和一个传播理想的微伸缩弹性固体半空间之间,研究介面处纵波的反射和透射.在两个半空间中,满足介面处必需的边界条件下,得到控制方程的适当解,是一组以不同反射和透射波振幅比表示的5个非齐次方程.以水和铝-环氧树脂合成材料介面为实际例子,用Gauss消除法的Fortran程序求解方程组.考虑存在和不存在外加横向磁场两种情况,在某些入射角范围内,计算振幅比的数值解.最后用图形给出横向磁场对不同反射和透射波振幅比的影响.     

一类带强色散项DGH方程的精确解

利用改进的F-展开法,求出了一类带强色散项DGH方程的一系列类孤子解,三角函数周期解和有理数解,方程结合了KdV方程的线性色散项和C-H方程的非线性色散项.而且改进的F-展开法在借助于计算机符号系统Mathematica(Maple)下,操作方便,适用于大量的非线性偏微分方程(组),并有助于发现新解.     

三维海洋水动力计算σ坐标转换存在的问题及改进方法

三维水动力模型在准确模拟海洋物理特性中起着重要的作用,传统的σ坐标转换由于当时计算机能力所限,舍去了复杂的高阶项,在实际复杂地形（或水深变化）环境下,会带来一定的误差或计算失真等问题.由此,为了适应高精度计算结果的需求,对原有σ坐标三维水动力模型进行了重新修正.在改进后的模型中,综合考虑了经σ坐标变换引入的与流速、水位、地形相关的复杂高阶项,选用特定的插值函数,利用有限元和差分相结合的方法,进行求解σ坐标下的完整三维浅水模式方程.相比原模型,改进的模型对底坡、水深、潮汐振幅等变化适用范围更为广泛,能更好地模拟出复杂水深变化下的垂向流动分布特征,计算结果具有更高的精确度;改进的模型针对一些极端水位条件（潮汐振幅与水深比大于0.15）,其计算误差同样可保持在一个较低的范围内;同时,改进的模型只需更短的时间就可运行至稳定状态.     

矩形水槽中—对孤波的相互振荡对穿

假定及为一阶小量,其中A_c为驱动振幅,ωc为驱动圆频率之半,ω为水槽(0,1)模式圆频率。利用多重尺度展开,发现存在新的长周期过程,周期假定与速度势复数数振幅有关的函数ψ(x,θ)是θ的函数,是三阶小量,例如取,则可导出相应的非线性Schrdinger方程,很好地解释了矩形水槽中一对孤波的相互振荡对穿现象。     

具有正弦粗糙度的环形微管道中脉冲流动

研究了具有正弦粗糙度的环形微管道中脉冲流动,其中壁面粗糙度用小振幅的正弦波表示,不可压缩粘性脉冲流动由周期振荡的压力梯度驱动,运用摄动展开法求解了柱坐标系下的动量方程,获得了环形微管道内脉冲流动的近似解析速度及其体积流率.在此基础上,研究了相关无量纲参数,如Reynolds(雷诺)数Re、压力梯度振幅A、正弦波状粗糙的小振幅ε、内外半径之比α、相位差β及其波数λ对速度u及平均体积流率Φ_m的影响.结果表明,剖面速度随A的增大而增大,随Re的增大而减小,相位滞后χ随振荡Reynolds数Re的增大而增大.     

An Experimental Study of Inertial Waves in a Closed Cone

An experimental study of inertial waves in a closed cone is presented in which the inertial waves are excited by a slight periodic oscillation superimposed on the cone's basic rotation rate. The dynamic pressure field is measured along the cone's rotation axis; no standing modal structure is observed, confirming Greenspan's (1969) argument that the closed cone appears open to inertial oscillations and the inertial wave spectrum is continuous. Similar pressure measurements made in the frustum of a right circular cone show that removal of the singular apex of the cone leads to standing wave modes.     

The excitation mechanism of a shear stress induced rotary wave

The free surface flow in a vertical, cylindrical, rotating container will be considered when axis-symmetric angular and radial shear stress distributions are applied on the free surface. It is well known that in the inviscid case a rotary wave which can be described by a flow potential exists. We want to determine the stability limit of the axis-symmetric base state with respect to the rotary wave for small Ekman and Froude numbers. Under the above assumption, the critical flow conditions can be determined analytically. The results can be verified experimentally using a vertical, cylindrical container partially filled with water where the top lid rotates with a given angular velocity. Thus, the induced air flow will exert shear stresses in the angular and radial direction onto the water surface. Above a certain threshold, rotary waves can be observed. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

微极各向同性弹性板中的Rayleigh-Lamb波

研究了无应力作用条件下，均匀、各向同性、圆柱形微极结构弹性板中波的传播．导出了对称和斜对称模式下波传播的特征方程．对短波这一极端情况，无应力圆板中对称和斜对称模态波的特征方程退化为Pmyle曲表面波频率方程．并得到薄板的计算结果．给出了位移和微转动分量，并绘制了相应图形．给出了若干特殊情况的研究结果及对称和斜对称模态特征方程的图示．     

Perturbation analysis of short-crested waves in Lagrangian coordinates

A new second-order asymptotic solution that describes short-crested waves is derived in Lagrangian coordinates. The analytical Lagrangian solution that is uniformly valid satisfies the irrotational condition and there being zero pressure at the free surface, in contrast with the Eulerian solution, in which there is residual pressure at the free surface. The explicit parametric solution highlights the trajectory of a water particle and the wave kinematics above the mean water level. The mass transport velocity and Lagrangian mean level associated with particle displacement can also be obtained directly. In particular, the mean level of the particle motion in a Lagrangian form differs that of the Eulerian form. The new formulation reduces to second-order standing or progressive wave solutions in Lagrangian coordinates at the limiting angles of approach. Expressions for kinematic quantities are also presented.     

Multiplicity of eigenvalues in certain boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation

Boundary value problems for two-layer cylindrical waveguides (namely, for a circular two-layer closed waveguide and a dielectric waveguide in an unbounded medium) are considered. It is shown that the same eigenvalues determining the wave numbers of waves in the waveguides can correspond to different solutions of the boundary value problem.     

On frequency–amplitude dependences for surface and internal standing waves

The analytic approach proposed by Sekerzh-Zenkovich [On the theory of standing waves of finite amplitude, Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR 58 (1947) 551–554] is developed in the present study of standing waves. Generalizing the solution method, a set of standing wave problems are solved, namely, the infinite- and finite-depth surface standing waves and the infinite- and finite-depth internal standing waves. Two-dimensional wave motion of an irrotational incompressible fluid in a rectangular domain is considered to study weakly nonlinear surface and internal standing waves. The Lagrangian formulation of the problems is used and the fifth-order perturbation solutions are determined. Since most of the approximate analytic solutions to these problems were obtained using the Eulerian formulation, the comparison of the results, as an example the analytic frequency–amplitude dependences, obtained in Lagrangian variables with the corresponding ones known in Eulerian variables has been carried out in the paper. The analytic frequency–amplitude dependences are in complete agreement with previous results known in the literature. Computer algebra procedures were written for the construction of asymptotic solutions. The application of the model constructed in Lagrangian formulation to a set of different problems shows the ability to correctly reproduce and predict a wide range of situations with different characteristics and some advantages of Lagrangian particle models (for example, the bigger radius of convergence of an expansion parameter than in Eulerian variables, simplification of the boundary conditions, parametrization of a free boundary).     

Surface Waves on a Cavity in a Semiinfinite Elastic Medium

Biot [5] examined the propagation of waves along the free surface of a cylindrical cavity in an elastic body of infinite extent and obtained a dispersion relation for the velocity of this wave in terms of the ratio of the wavelength to the cavity diameter. This paper contains solutions for waves in a semiinfinite elastic medium with a cylindrical cavity with axially symmetric harmonic loading of the plane surface. The solutions are expressed in terms of Lame potentials which are represented by combinations of integrals containing trigonometric kernels and kernels of Weber transforms. A solution is obtained for volume waves and Biot waves. The relative velocity and relative length of surface waves are studied as functions of the loading frequency.