可控交联聚醚醚酮动态流变学行为的研究

聚芳醚酮类材料因其优异的综合性能在许多领域得到广泛应用 [1,2 ] .许多研究者通过提高聚芳醚酮分子链的刚性度来实现进一步提高其使用温度 ,但由于其在高温时流动性下降 ,熔体粘度增大 ,给加工及应用带来很大困难[3] .基于此 ,我们将可在高温或辐照条件下发生交联反应的硫醚结构作为交联点引入到聚醚醚酮主链中 ,合成了可控交联的聚醚醚酮[4 ,5] .聚合物的分子结构及其熔体中分子的内部作用可以用流变学进行研究 .因此 ,我们用动态流变学实验监测跟踪聚合物的交联反应过程 ,研究可控交联聚醚醚酮的交联反应动力学 ,为设计改造分子结构以满…     

含过渡金属和柔性配体催化体系的构象搜索

采用密度泛函理论对含有过渡金属和柔性配体的分子进行优化时,通常只能将初始结构优化到势能面上的局部最小点,而确定反应势能面上各中间体和过渡态的最低能量构象是准确描述一个催化反应最优路径的关键.使用Cr/PCCP体系催化乙烯选择性三聚/四聚反应路径中的关键过渡态(TS1,TS2,TS3)作为分子模型,对基于Tinker软件包和CREST软件包的两种构象搜索方法进行了对比测试.使用两种构象搜索方法均成功找到了三个分子模型的最低能量构象,并且两种方法获得的构象数量总数相差不大.与基于Tinker软件包的构象搜索方法相比,使用CREST软件包进行构象搜索的计算流程更加简单,并且大大减少了计算时间.     

超共轭与立体电子效应

回顾了超共轭概念的起源与发展,简述了超共轭效应在立体电子效应中的重要地位及其对于分子构象和反应活性的重要影响,并对乙烷的优势构象成因进行了讨论。     

有机反应的构象效应

本文引用“分子最少变形原理”和“最少移动原理”解释了有机反应中相当普遍存在的一种情况。即:在一个动力学控制的反应中,与反应物的进入反应的构象对比,生成构象尽可能少改变的初产物,经常是该反应的主要方向。叙述了这一构象效应与动力学控制的产物的立体化学关系。并建议将这一效应称为“构象最少改变原理”。同时,还介绍了“禁止构象”的概念,和这类构象对有机反应的效应。     

双-锌卟啉对DABCO分子识别的立体构象及其热力学研究

合成了系列不同长度以柔性侧链相连的p/p型双-锌卟啉配合物,用¹H NMR和UV-Vis研究了不同温度下该系列配合物与刚性双齿配体DABCO(1,4-二氮杂双环)的轴向配位反应,考察了侧链长度对双-锌卟啉与配体的分子识别能力影响。结果表明,主体分子双-锌卟啉可以对客体分子BABCO进行分子识别,合适长度的柔韧烷氧链可以调节主体分子的构象,使DABCO嵌入双卟啉两个卟啉环间空位中,形成锌卟啉-DABCO-锌卟啉三元夹心式配合物构象。探讨了配位反应中立体构象的变化过程,并测定了热力学参数。     

略论基础有机课教学中立体化学部分的若干问题(Ⅲ)——关于不对称反应的教学探讨

在前文中,我们讨论了立体异构现象中关于旋光性,旋光性与分子构型、构象的关系,以及构型和构象投影式等问题的教学。在本文中,我们拟就立体异构体的生成和反应、其中主要是就不对称反应的教学作些探讨。     

光谱法结合分子模拟分析乳铁蛋白与药物恩诺沙星的互作分子机理

利用光谱实验结合计算机模拟技术研究了药物恩诺沙星(Enrofloxacin,EFLX)与牛乳铁蛋白(Bovine lactoferrin,BLF)的相互作用机理。测定反应体系的结合参数、能量转移参数及热力学函数,考察EFLX对BLF分子构象的影响,并模拟EFLX-BLF结合反应的分子模型。结果表明,药物分子与牛乳铁蛋白的相互作用表现为动态结合过程,结合强度适中,EFLX与BLF分子的结合距离r值较小,说明发生了能量转移现象。EFLX影响BLF的结构域微区构象,降低结合位域的疏水性。荧光相图技术解析出EFLX与BLF反应构象型态的变迁为"二态模型"。EFLX-BLF的热力学参数表明两者间是以氢键和范德华力为主的分子间作用。分子建模结果显示,EFLX与BLF的相互作用主要为氢键和范德华力,兼有疏水作用力。计算机分子模拟与实验测试获得了一致性结果。     

应用分子力学、分子图形学以及量子化学方法研究有机试剂结构及作用机理(Ⅱ)——吡啶偶氮试剂与金属离子螯合的GP理论

本文首先应用MMX分子力学方法讨论了一系列吡啶偶氮试剂的构象特征;用MINDO/3方法计算了各分子的基态性质;应用广义微扰理论研究了试剂分子与金属离子的螯合机制,指出此二者相互作用可为电荷或轨道控制反应,因而呈现出不同的配位位置。还讨论了轨道电负性、微扰作用及形成多元络合物的意义。从分子静电势图进一步印证了所述结论的合理性。     

含二联苯结构聚醚醚酮的微结构及磺化改性的性质研究

本文利用ＰＥＥＫ的ＡＭ１条件优化结果，并结合二联苯结构与不含二联苯结构聚醚醚酮的结构相似性，确定了含二联苯结构聚醚醚酮重复单元的最优构型，据此给出了此分子链的微观构型。在实验上也研究了磺化改性对此聚合物红外光谱的影响。     

应用分子力学、分子图形学以及量子化学方法研究 有机试剂结构及作用机理(Ⅰ)——吡啶偶氮及三苯甲烷类显色试剂的构象问题

应用分子力学方法研究有机试剂尚少见诸报道.由于这类分子培养单晶比较困难,实验几何参数不多;且有机试剂分子与金属离子是在一定pH值的溶液中进行反应,因而溶液中的构象可能与晶体中的分子有所不同,如何了解这种结构上的差异,对于研究有机试剂的性能和作用机理有着重要的意义.本文应用分子力学及分子图形学方法,对吡啶偶氮类型以及三苯甲烷类型有机显色试剂的构象问题进行了探讨.     

聚芳醚酮类聚合物晶体结构醚酮等效性的研究

半结晶的聚芳醚酮类聚合物 ( PAEKs)因其性能优异而在机械、航天等高技术领域中得到广泛应用 .有关其晶体结构的研究亦有许多文献报道[1～ 11] ,而醚基与酮基在晶体结构方面是否等效一直存在争议 .虽然醚酮等效性的观点已被广泛接受 [4～ 8] ,但对于聚合物主链中含联苯基团的 PAEKs的醚酮等效性的研究则复杂得多 .文献 [1 ]报道醚酮等效性在主链含有联苯基团时不再成立 .本文首次发现醚酮等效性在主链含有联苯基团时在适当条件下仍可成立 ,并对聚芳醚酮类聚合物晶体结构的醚酮等效性问题进行了系统阐述 .1　实验部分　　样品联苯聚醚酮 …     

可交联含氟聚醚醚酮的合成

聚醚醚酮 (PEEK)是一种耐热等级高、耐化学药品、耐辐射并有优异的电性能及机械性能的特种工程塑料 .由于其综合性能优异 ,PEEK在航空航天、通信、电子和机械化工等领域获得成功应用 [1] .含氟芳香聚合物以其独特的性能而成为低介电常数微电子和低损耗光波导器件极具潜力的材料 [2 ] .聚合物良好的溶解性虽对光电集成电路的加工十分重要 ,但也要满足多层化操作过程 ,还要考虑器件成型后的抗化学药品性 .因而 ,在聚合物中引入可交联组分是必要和可行的方法 .另外 ,交联后的聚合物将有更高的玻璃化转变温度 (Tg)、更好的尺寸稳定性和防开…     

Selective cleavage of the linear ether bond in benzyl glycidyl ether and triphenylmethyl glycidyl ether by potassium alkalide as two-electron-transfer reagent

The linear ether bond was exclusively cleaved in benzyl glycidyl ether and triphenylmethyl glycidyl ether under the influence of K⁻, K⁺(15-crown-5)₂ (1), whereas the strongly strained three-membered oxacyclic ring remained undisturbed. Potassium glycidoxide and benzylpotassium were found as the primary reaction products of benzyl glycidyl ether with 1. Subsequently, benzylpotassium reacted with benzyl glycidyl ether giving the next potassium glycidoxide molecule and bibenzyl. Benzyl phenyl ether was used as a model compound to explain the mechanism of bibenzyl formation. The reaction of triphenylmethyl glycidyl ether with 1 resulted in potassium glycidoxide and stable triphenylmethylpotassium. After treating with a quenching agent a new glycidyl ether or glycidyl ester was obtained from potassium glycidoxide. These results were found when the reaction occurred at the excess of glycidyl ether. In another case, i.e. at the excess of 1 further reactions took place with the participation of potassium anions and various new compounds were observed in the reaction mixture after benzylation or methylation. Thus, the method of substrates delivery influences the course of studied processes in a decisive way.     

Sulfonated poly(aryl ether ether ketone ketone)s containing fluorinated moieties as proton exchange membrane materials

A series of sulfonated poly(aryl ether ether ketone ketone)s statistical copolymers with high molecular weights were synthesized via an aromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization. The sulfonation content (SC), defined as the number of sulfonic acid groups contained in an average repeat unit, could be controlled by the feed ratios of monomers. Flexible and strong membranes in sodium sulfonate form could be prepared by the solution casting method, and readily transformed to their proton forms by treating them in 2 N sulfuric acid. The polymers showed high T_gs, which increased with an increase in SC. Membranes prepared from the present sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone ketone) copolymers containing the hexafluoroisopropylidene moiety (SPEEKK‐6F) and copolymers containing the pendant 3,5‐ditrifluoromethylphenyl moiety (SPEEKK‐6FP) had lower water uptakes and lower swelling ratios in comparison with previously prepared copolymers containing 6F units. All of the polymers possessed proton conductivities higher than 1 × 10^?2 S/cm at room temperature, and proton conductivity values of several polymers were comparable to that of Nafion at high relative humidity. Their thermal stability, oxidative stability, and mechanical properties were also evaluated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2299–2310, 2006     

聚醚砜醚酮的合成与性能

以4,4′-二羟基二苯砜和4,4′-二氟二苯酮为单体, 通过溶液缩聚合成了聚醚砜醚酮(PESEK), 其分子结构相当于聚醚砜(PES)与聚醚醚酮(PEEK)的交替共聚物. 在共聚物分子中, 存在砜基、醚基和酮基, 整个结构单元形成了大共轭体系, 聚合物属无定形聚合物, 玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为198 ℃, 介于PEEK和PES的Tg之间, 其热稳定性和加工性能优于PES, 而力学性能与PES接近.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(arylene ether)s derived from 4,4′‐bishydroxybiphenyl and 4,4′‐bishydroxyterphenyl

A series of poly(arylene ether)s were successfully prepared by aromatic, nucleophilic substitution reactions with various perfluoroalkyl‐activated bisfluoromonomers with 4,4′‐bishydroxybiphenyl and 4,4′‐bishydroxyterphenyl. 4,4′‐Bishydroxyterphenyl was synthesized through the Grignard coupling reaction of magnesium salt of 4‐bromoanisole with dibromobenzene followed by demethylation with pyridine–hydrochloride. The products obtained by the displacement of fluorine atoms exhibited good inherent viscosity, up to 0.77 dL/g, and number‐average molecular weights up to 69,300. These poly(arylene ether)s showed very good thermal stability, up to 548 °C for 5% weight loss according to thermogravimetric analysis under synthetic air, and high glass‐transition temperatures, up to 259 °C according to differential scanning calorimetry, depending on the exact repeat unit structure. These polymers were soluble in a wide range of organic solvents, such as N‐methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and CHCl₃, and were insoluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and acetone. Thin films of these poly(arylene ether)s showed good transparency and exhibited tensile strengths up to 132 MPa, moduli up to 3.34 GPa, and elongations at break up to 84%, depending on their exact repeating unit structures. These values are comparable to those of high‐performance thermoplastic materials such as poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and Ultem poly(ether imide) (PEI). These poly(arylene ether)s exhibited low dielectric constants. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 55–69, 2002     

可控交联聚醚醚酮的动态力学性能

动态力学分析技术(DMA)是研究聚合物性能的重要方法之一．动态力学实验可以检测聚合物的玻璃化转变温度和次级松弛过程,直接与聚合物的链结构和聚集态结构密切相关,聚合物的化学组成、支化和交联、结晶和取向、增塑和共混等结构因素的变化,都与分子运动状态的变化密切相关,而分子运动的变化又能灵敏地反映在动态力学性能上,     

新型可溶性含氟聚芳醚酮的合成、表征及性能

制备了新型可溶性含氟聚芳醚酮高性能材料, 使该材料结合了含氟聚合物与聚芳醚酮两种材料的优点, 既具有很好的热稳定性、溶解性和阻燃性, 又有较低的介电常数和吸湿性[5,9,10]. 对于提高聚芳醚酮类材料的性能, 拓展其使用范围和加工方法具有很大的开发前景和实用价值.     

Renewable isosorbide-enchained semi-fluorinated aromatic ether polymers

Isosorbide-based renewable semi-fluorinated polymers were synthesized via base-mediated step-growth polycondensation of isosorbide diol monomer with bis-trifluorovinyl ether (TFVE) monomer in excellent yields. As the first example employing secondary alcohols in this addition/elimination polymerization affording fluorinated arylene vinylene ether (FAVE) polymers, reasonable to high-molecular weights (10–84 kDa) and reproducible glass transition temperatures (T_g) ranging from 120 to 130°C were achieved. Containing 23–31 wt.% renewable isosorbide repeat unit, the amorphous polymers are processable in common organic solvents and form tough, transparent films. Depending on basic conditions, these renewable semi-fluorinated polymers contain reactive fluoroalkene enchainment for post-polymerization functionalization and further retain the ability to thermally crosslink without the need for catalysts or initiators. Structural characterization of this complex asymmetric polymer was determined by multi-nuclear NMR including multiple 2D-NMR techniques. Renewable FAVE chemistry based on isosorbide presents an intriguing option for alternative renewable materials containing fluorine.     

自交联型磺化聚醚醚酮质子交换膜的合成

以含3,3'-二烯丙基双酚 A 结构单元的聚醚醚酮为基膜材料, 通过自由基加成反应在取代基上引入磺酸基团, 合成侧链型磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)质子交换膜. 用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、 核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、 热重分析(TG)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对 SPEEK 的结构进行表征. 实验结果表明, 巯基丙磺酸被接枝在聚醚醚酮侧基上, SPEEK 膜具有明显的亲水疏水微相分离形貌, 磺酸基团相互聚集形成离子通道. SPEEK 膜离子交换容量为 2.12 mmol/g, 钒离子渗透率为 1.54×10^-6 cm²/min, 低于Nafion117 膜的钒离子渗透率, 阻钒能力优于 Nafion117 膜. 以 SPEEK-4 膜组装电池的自放电时间约为130 h, 长于 Nafion117 膜的 66 h. 电池充放电循环 50 次, SPEEK-4 膜的库仑效率、 电压效率和能量效率没有明显降低, 显示出良好的稳定性.