HL/HW复合沸石对烃类催化裂化催化剂性能的影响

将不同HW沸石含量(以W及L沸石的XRD特定峰强度Iw/IL值表示HW沸石在HL/HW复合沸石中的含量)的HL/HW复合沸石与REUSY沸石按相同比例复配后作为烃类催化裂化催化剂的活性组分,采用标准轻油微反方法对催化剂进行了活性评价(MAT),考察了不同HW含量的HL/HW复合沸石对催化剂活性、反应产物分布、汽油产品辛烷值及催化剂上积炭的影响.结果表明,当,Iw/IL值在0～0.12变化时,MAT指数和汽油收率逐渐上升,比积炭逐渐减少,气体收率先减后增;当Iw/IL值大于0.12时,MAT指数、气体收率和汽油收率均下降,比积炭总体呈增加趋势;当Iw/IL值为0.12时,评价的综合指标达到最佳,与不加HL及HW沸石的参比样品相比,汽油产品的芳烃含量和辛烷值分别提高了9.85%和3.01%,烯烃含量下降了1.30%.     

β沸石在烃类裂化催化剂中的应用

以固体硅胶为硅源 ,用水热法合成了 β沸石 ,并对其主要物化性质进行了表征 .将USY沸石和 β沸石按不同比例复配作为催化剂的活性组分 ,用标准轻油微反 (MAT)方法对各催化剂样品进行了评价 ,考察了 β沸石加入量对反应产物的分布、汽油产品的辛烷值及催化剂上的积炭等的影响 .将磷或稀土改性的 β沸石加入到裂化催化剂中 ,考察了不同改性方法对催化剂性能的影响 .结果表明 ,在裂化催化剂中分子筛总量保持不变的条件下 ,随着 β沸石加入量的增加 ,MAT活性指数逐渐提高 ,气体产物中i C=4 收率和汽油产品的辛烷值均提高 ,而催化剂上积炭明显下降 .当 β沸石的加入量超过一定比例后 ,气体产物中i C=4 收率明显提高 ,但催化剂的活性降低 .在 β沸石加入量相同的条件下 ,磷改性 β沸石可进一步提高催化剂的活性 ,降低积炭 ,但对汽油产品组成的影响不大     

β沸石在烃类裂化催化剂的应用

以固体硅胶为硅源，用水热法合成了β沸石，并对其主要物化性质进行了表征，将USY沸石和β沸石按不同比例复配作为催化剂的活性组分，用标准轻油微反（MAT）方法对各催化剂样品进行了评价。考察了β沸石加入量对反应产物的分布、汽油产品的辛烷值及催化剂上的积炭等的影响，将磷或稀土改性的β沸石加入到裂化催化剂中，考察了不同改性方法对催化剂性能的影响，结果表明，在裂化催化剂中分子筛总量保持不变的条件下，随着β沸石加入量的增加，MAT活性指数逐渐提高，气体产物中i-C^=4收率和汽油产品的辛烷值均提高，而催化剂上积炭明显下降，当β沸石的加入量超过一定比例后，气体产物中i-C^=4收率明显提高，但催化剂的活性降低，在β沸石加入量相同的条件下，磷改性β沸石可进一步提高催化剂的活性，降低积炭，但对汽油产品组成的影响不大。     

稀土改性L沸石在烃类催化裂化催化剂中的应用

采用离子交换的方法制备了一系列复合稀土（含La及Ce）质量分数不同的稀土改性超稳L沸石（RE-USL），以RE USL沸石替代质量分数为5%的REUSY作为催化裂化催化剂的活性组分,用标准轻油微反活性试验（MAT）评价了其催化性能,并同单一稀土元素改性USL沸石进行了对比。结果表明,一定量的复合稀土改性USL沸石的催化性能优于单一稀土（La或Ce）改性的USL沸石，在催化裂化催化剂中加入稀土改性USL沸石,可以降低汽油产品的烯烃质量分数；可以提高汽油的辛烷值。当复合稀土在RE USL沸石中的质量分数为0.4%左右时， 与不加稀土改性USL沸石催化剂相比较，催化剂的活性指数MAT提高3.6个单位，烯烃质量分数降低1.57个单位，研究法辛烷值（RON）提高2.08个单位，产品分布更合理。     

Ni/γ-Al2O3中助剂的加入对于CH4/CO2重整反应性能的影响

以含量为2%的K、Cu、La、Mg、Ca、Ba、Mo、Ce等多种金属作为助剂分别加入Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂样品中,并对其分别用于CH4/CO2重整反应时的活性和积碳量进行了考察.研究结果表明加入助剂后的各种催化剂的活性变化不一.其中,以含Ca的催化剂效果最好,其甲烷的转化率可由原来的71.91%增加到72.92%,其次为La.但所有加入助剂后的催化剂的抗积碳性能均有所提高,特别是碱金属K的添加,使催化剂表面积碳量降到了0.1%.这表明添加碱金属或碱土金属助剂,对提高Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂在CH4/CO2重整反应中的抗积炭性能有很大作用.     

不同硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛作为助催化剂在渣油裂化中的应用（英文）

采用不同方法表征了硅铝比(Si O2/Al2O3)为33、266和487的质子型ZSM-5分子筛,并研究了ZSM-5分子筛作为助催化剂在渣油裂解中的应用.与USY分子筛基催化剂混合后,在固定流化床上,评价了ZSM-5分子筛助催化剂的催化裂化性能.研究发现,提高ZSM-5分子筛硅铝比,可以有效抑制混合催化剂对汽油烯烃的裂解,从而避免了汽油烷烃的大量损失.加入ZSM-5助催化剂后,伴随着液化气(LPG)产率的增加,异丁烷和异戊烷产率增加,这可能是由USY基催化剂和ZSM-5助催化剂的综合效应引起的.汽油烷烃和芳烃含量的变化,引起了汽油辛烷值的增加.高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛(硅铝比为266和487)不仅可以显著改善汽油的辛烷值,而且有效避免了汽油的大量损失.催化汽油辛烷值的改善主要是由于高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛具有适宜的芳构化和异构化活性,这些变化主要源于高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛小的孔道直径和适宜的酸性.     

水汽和空气焙烧制备LaY沸石的SiCl4气相超稳研究

为了考察不同焙烧条件制备的LaY沸石在SiCl₄气相超稳后性能的差异,采用离子交换和氨水沉淀相结合的方法将La离子负载到NaY沸石上,经水蒸汽焙烧或空气焙烧得到不同La负载量的LaYS和LaYB沸石,再经过SiCl₄气相超稳改性得到DLaYS和DLaYB沸石.XRD数据表明水蒸汽焙烧能使沸石发生更为明显的骨架脱铝;不同La负载量的LaY沸石经SiCl₄气相超稳改性都能顺利实现晶胞收缩.XRF数据表明气相超稳和洗涤过程伴随着稀土La的大量流失,DLaYB沸石中的La流失量相对较小.NH₃-TPD和Py-IR数据表明La负载量相同时,DLaYS沸石的总酸量少于DLaYB沸石的总酸量.固定流化床重油催化裂化评价结果显示,与参比催化剂相比,DLaYS催化剂和DLaYB催化剂都具有汽油收率高、柴油收率低,及总轻质油收率高的特点.La负载量相同时,DLaYS催化剂的汽油收率低于DLaYB催化剂.     

La2O3对沼气重整制氢催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的影响

用浸渍法制备了不同La2O3含量的Ni/La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂, 用CH4/CO2体积比为1的混合气体模拟沼气, 考察了La2O3对沼气重整制氢催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的结构及催化性能的影响. 运用XRD、H2-TPR、BET及TEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, La2O3对催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的影响主要取决于其含量. 载体中La2O3的添加增强了Ni与Al2O3之间的相互作用. 添加适量的La2O3能使催化剂具有更好的可还原性, 并能增加金属Ni的分散性, 抑制反应过程中Ni的烧结, 提高载体对CO2的吸附能力, 从而改善了催化剂的抗积炭性, 使催化剂具有较好的活性及稳定性. 反之, 过量La2O3的掺杂会使催化剂的抗积炭性及活性下降. 当La2O3含量为6%(w)时, 催化剂中Ni晶粒具有较好的分散性、还原性及抗积炭性, 从而使催化剂具有更好的活性及稳定性.     

La2O3对沼气重整制氢催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的影响

用浸渍法制备了不同La2O3含量的Ni/La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂,用CH4/CO2体积比为1的混合气体模拟沼气,考察了La2O3对沼气重整制氢催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的结构及催化性能的影响.运用XRD、H2-TPR、BET及TEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,La2O3对催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的影响主要取决于其含量.载体中La2O3的添加增强了Ni与Al2O3之间的相互作用.添加适量的La2O3能使催化剂具有更好的可还原性,并能增加金属Ni的分散性,抑制反应过程中Ni的烧结,提高载体对CO2的吸附能力,从而改善了催化剂的抗积炭性,使催化剂具有较好的活性及稳定性.反之,过量La2O3的掺杂会使催化剂的抗积炭性及活性下降.当La2O3含量为6%(ω)时,催化剂中Ni晶粒具有较好的分散性、还原性及抗积炭性,从而使催化剂具有更好的活性及稳定性.     

在改性Hβ沸石催化剂上FCC汽油的加氢改质

采用Hβ沸石为载体，以Ni为主剂，分别以P、Mg、La为助剂合成了FCC汽油加氢改质双功能催化剂。考察了采用不同热处理方式脱模板剂对Naβ沸石载体的影响，以及助剂种类和助剂含量对双功能催化剂性能的影响。结果表明，采用阶段焙烧法脱模板剂可以有效的抑制分子筛脱铝，更好的保持分子筛原始结晶态和比表面积；在FCC汽油加氢改质反应中，加入0.25％磷改性后的Ni-P/β催化剂，有效的降低了汽油中的烯烃含量，使烯烃转化率达到65％，并保证汽油的辛烷值基本不降低。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.