人乳中蛋白质的组成分析

在对人乳样品分离与纯化的基础上,采用“Bottom Up”并结合高效液相色谱（HPLC）和配有纳米喷雾（Nano-spray）技术的高分辨傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT-ICR-MS）,将人乳各部分蛋白质样品酶解成多肽片段。 利用碰撞活化解离（CAD）和电子捕获解离（ECD）2种解离方式断裂机理的互补性规律,借助Mascot软件数据库,快速分析了人乳样品中乳脂部分、乳清部分和乳粒部分所含主要蛋白质的组成。人乳样品各部分的共同物性是均含有多种角蛋白、乳白蛋白、乳铁蛋白,但含量和种类各有不同,这既表明了人乳特殊的营养成分,又从另一角度显示出人乳各个部分营养价值的差异。     

沃特世隆重发布ACQUITY QDa质谱检测器为色谱分析带来“一键启动”的检测功能

<正>沃特世公司隆重发布新型WatersACQUITYQDaTM质谱检测器——能为色谱分离提供高质量质谱数据的质谱检测器。ACQUITY QDa质谱检测器经过专门设计,可作为色谱分离系统的完美补充,可以与沃特世超高效液相色谱ACQUITY UltraPerformance LC(UPLC),超高效合相色谱ACQUITY UltraPerformance Convergence ChromatographyTM(UPC2)、Alliance高效液相色谱(HPLC)、沃特世超临界流体色谱(SFC)和基于LC的纯化系统完美结合。解决了影响日常质谱应用的复杂性、仪器体积     

傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱测定复杂表面活性剂组分

利用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR-MS)，分析了两类复杂的离子型表面活性剂样品。实验结果表明：高分辨FT-ICR-MS，可以简单、快速、准确地获得两类化合物的结构信息，利用其高准确度的质量测定数据，计算出复杂样品中各组分的元素组成，鉴定出具体化合物，显示了FT-ICR-MS在分子结构分析和未知物鉴定中的强大能力。     

高效液相色谱–质谱法分析僵蚕蛋白酶解多肽

分析僵蚕蛋白酶解多肽类成分的相对分子质量和氨基酸组成。采用高效液相色谱–质谱联用正离子模式进行分析,以Hola C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm)为分离色谱柱,以0.05%甲酸水溶液和0.05%甲酸–乙腈溶液为流动相,根据质谱一级、二级碎片离子信息,确定酶解多肽类相对分子质量信息和氨基酸组成。僵蚕样品经酶解后得到相对分子质量在500~1 000之间的多肽,经LC–MS分析,多肽由低于10个的氨基酸组成。高效液相色谱–质谱法分析平台可用于分析多肽化合物的相对分子质量和氨基酸组成,这有利于酶解多肽的生物活性分析。     

鼠脑钠通道Ⅰ的IS3片段的溶液法合成

采用本甲酸甲酯作为α－羧基的暂时性保护基,以片段缩合的方式合成了疏水性多肽──鼠脑钢通道Ⅰ的IS3片段,利用高效液相色谱对其进行了纯化,并通过了氨基酸组成分析和快原子轰击质谱鉴定.     

离子交换色谱-基质辅助激光解吸电离串联飞行时间质谱分离鉴定中国人乳中的β-酪蛋白

以新鲜中国人乳为研究对象,在酸性条件下加氯化钙分离酪蛋白,用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)法测定分离效果。从pH值、离心力和CaCl2浓度等3个方面对分离效果进行评价。结果表明:当pH=4.3,离心力为10 400 g,CaCl2溶液浓度为60 mmol/L时,分离得到的酪蛋白组分纯度最高。对所得酪蛋白沉淀进行DEAE阴离子交换色谱分离,得到3个洗脱液。对其中第3个峰进行Western-Blot法及基质辅助激光解吸电离串联飞行时间质谱法(MALDI-TOF/TOF MS)鉴定,证明该峰能与人β-酪蛋白抗体特异性结合,确认其为人乳β-酪蛋白;将质谱结果在Mascot数据库中进行数据检索,序列覆盖率为50%,进一步确定其为人乳β-酪蛋白。综上所述,我们建立了能够得到符合蛋白质组学研究要求的人乳β-酪蛋白的方法。     

血管紧张素转化酶活性抑制剂──丝素肽的分离、纯化和结构鉴定

 可溶性丝素粉末经碱性蛋白酶Alcalase水解后 ,其酶解产物对血管紧张素转化酶 (ACE)的活性有很强的抑制作用。采用凝胶过滤色谱SephadexG 15和反相高效液相色谱 (RP HPLC)对水解度为 2 0 %的酶解产物进行分离纯化 ,利用质谱鉴定其中一种ACE抑制剂是肽 ,其结构为Gly Tyr。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定肉制品和调味料中7种水产品过敏原

基于高效液相色谱-串联质谱系统建立了食品中水产品过敏原的快速筛查和定量检测方法。样品经蛋白质提取、纯化、胰蛋白酶解后，利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UPLC-Q/Exactive-HRMS）结合ProteinPilot软件，基于母离子和碎片离子谱分析，实现蛋白质和多肽的鉴定。再通过基本局部比对搜索工具（BLAST）与Uniprot数据库对比分析，筛选出南美白虾、大闸蟹、青蟹、金枪鱼、大西洋鲑鱼的7种过敏原蛋白的30个特征肽。利用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（UPLC-QqQ-MS）系统对特征肽进行验证和多反应监测（MRM）定量研究。结果表明，该方法在5~250 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好，检出限为2~3.5 mg/kg，平均回收率为88.7%~110.2%。该方法重现性好，通量高，可应用于肉制品和调味料中7种过敏原的快速筛查和定量分析。     

一种用於柱上在线富集的高效液相色谱柱头设计

在高效液相色谱基础上,利用阀切换技术,将经过初次分离(或柱上富集)的全部或部分样品选择性地切换到另一些色谱柱上再次进行分离的多维(多柱)高效液相色谱(HPLC),是近几年来迅速发展起来的一种分离技术。由于它具有选择性强、灵敏度高、操作简便和便于自动化等特点,各种多维HPLC形式(GPC-/RP-HPLC、正相-/RP-HPLC,RP-/RP-HPLC)竞相出现,大大扩展了HPLC的应用范围。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法监测人心房钠尿肽的化学合成

多肽作为神经递质、激素、受体等参与和调节许多重要的生命过程。随着对多肽结构与功能认识的深入,化学合成多肽在生物医药、生命分析等领域显示了重要价值。人心房钠尿肽（ANP）是一种由28个氨基酸组成的多肽类激素,其含量和代谢异常与心血管疾病、癌症等密切相关。针对ANP重要的生理功能,该文开展了ANP化学合成及其过程的监测与优化,设计了集固相合成线性直链多肽和液相氧化成环为一体的策略。基于高效液相色谱的分离性能和多级质谱的结构鉴定能力,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）分析新方法,对固相合成产物进行了分离分析,并对液相氧化方法进行了筛选和优化,最终分离纯化得到了目标多肽,为人心房钠尿肽的高效化学合成及氧化成环反应提供借鉴。     

Structural Characterization of Anhydroicaritin Glycosides Using ESI—FT—ICR Mass Spectrometry

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) was used to determine the structures of anhydroicaritin glycosides by the MS/MS experiments of anhydroicaritin glycosides and their methylated derivatives,With high accuracy FT-ICR-MS provides much information about the structures of compounds ,FT-ICR-MS shows the great potential application in the structural characterization of unknown compounds.     

Rapid Purification and Identification of Osteopontin from Human Milk by HPLC Coupled to FT-ICR-MS

Milk as a key element for infant nutrition represents the only source of feeding for newborns and infants, breast-feeding milk normally contains several bioactive proteins or peptides useful for the development of the immune system that protects infants from diseases. Osteopontin(OPN) plays a distinct role during the processes of lactation. Some studies on OPN isolated and purified from the human milk via HPLC on SCX and C4 columns adopted biological mass spectrometry. After digesting the purified OPN sampl...     

Examples of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry developments: from ion physics to remote access biochemical mass spectrometry

The application of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) for high resolution biomolecular analysis has increased greatly after 30 years of innovation since its conception in 1974. FT- ICR-MS can now routinely be used for the analysis of complex organic mixtures such as biological or petrochemical samples. Many of these new possibilities have been the results of many different instrumental developments. This paper provides a mini review of selected instrumental developments that now allow these measurements. The development of soft ionization techniques such as electrospray ionization and matrix assisted laser desorption and ionisation was crucial for the analysis of biological macromolecules. Improved ion transport optics led to an increase in sensitivity. New ICR cell designs complement the capabilities of FT-ICR-MS by allowing a more thorough study of the mechanism and kinetics of ion reactions in the gas-phase. A selected example of electron capture dissociation (ECD) employs these developments to investigate the role of peptide conformation in ECD. Improved electronics and software allow faster and more flexible experiments. All these improvements led to an increase in speed and sensitivity that are necessary to couple FT-MS to fast separation techniques such as nano-high performance liquid chromatography. The modern FT-ICR-MS instruments can be incorporated in virtual organizations allowing remote access to unique infrastructure. This concept of remote experimentation opens new possibilities for scientific collaborations between expert scientists at different locations and allows the efficient use of this expensive instrumentation.     

FT-ICR-MS analysis of lignin

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) of a steam-exploded lignin from wheat straw showed that fragments with a mass higher than 4534?Da cannot be obtained. Furthermore, FT-ICR-MS showed that lignin is not a completely random polymer, but shows some regularity with a difference of 44.026?m/z (C?H?O) between the peaks. The distribution of Kendrick mass defect in the function of Kendrick nominal masses showed the same behaviour. FT-ICR-MS analysis of bagasse lignin (Granit) showed that the largest value of mass found was 4347?Da. The peaks show regularities with a difference of 44.026?m/z between the peaks. The organosolv lignin showed that the polymer with the largest mass value was 3699?Da in FT-ICR-MS. The analysis of the peaks did not show regularity; however, the Kendrick diagram for this lignin showed the same slope as in the other samples, in agreement with the C?H?O regular difference between peaks.     

On-line Separation and Detection of Peptides by Capillary Electrophoresis / Electrospray FT-ICR-MS

Recently, capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE/ESI- MS) has been rapidly developed as a powerful analytical tool for charged species ranged from small molecules such as carboxylic acids1, phenolic compounds2, metal species3, tetramines4, herbicides5, drugs and drug metabolites6 to peptides and proteins7, 8. The ESI mode has proven to be sensitive, versatile and relatively easy to use in combination with CE. CE confers rapid analysis and efficient separ…     

Calibration laws based on multiple linear regression applied to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Operation of any mass spectrometer requires implementation of mass calibration laws to translate experimentally measured physical quantities into a m/z range. While internal calibration in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) offers several attractive features, including exposure of calibrant and analyte ions to identical experimental conditions (e.g. space charge), external calibration affords simpler pulse sequences and higher throughput. The automatic gain control method used in hybrid linear trap quadrupole (LTQ) FT-ICR-MS to consistently obtain the same ion population is not readily amenable to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) FT-ICR-MS, due to the heterogeneous nature and poor spot-to-spot reproducibility of MALDI. This can be compensated for by taking external calibration laws into account that consider magnetic and electric fields, as well as relative and total ion abundances. Herein, an evaluation of external mass calibration laws applied to MALDI-FT-ICR-MS is performed to achieve higher mass measurement accuracy (MMA).     

N-linked oligosaccharide analysis of rat brain Thy-1 by liquid chromatography with graphitized carbon column/ion trap-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion modes

We have previously described the site-specific glycosylation analysis of rat brain Thy-1 by LC/multistage tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) using proteinase-digested Thy-1. In the present study, detailed structures of oligosaccharides released from Thy-1 were elucidated by mass spectrometric oligosaccharide profiling using LC/MS with a graphitized carbon column (GCC-LC/MS). First, using model oligosaccharides, we improved the oligosaccharide profiling by ion trap mass spectrometry (IT-MS) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Sequential scanning of a full MS(1) scan with FT-ICR-MS followed by data-dependent MS(n) with IT-MS in positive ion mode, and a subsequent full MS(1) scan with FT-ICR-MS followed by data-dependent MS(n) with IT-MS in negative ion mode enabled the monosaccharide composition analysis as well as profiling and sequencing of both neutral and acidic oligosaccharides in a single analysis. The improved oligosaccharide profiling was applied to elucidation of N-linked oligosaccharides from Thy-1 isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was demonstrated that Thy-1 possesses a significant variety of N-linked oligosaccharides, including Lewis a/x, Lewis b/y, and disialylated structure as a partial structure. Our method could be applicable to analysis of a small abundance of glycoproteins, and could become a powerful tool for glycoproteomics.     

Identification and structural characterisation of carboxy-terminal polypeptides and antibody epitopes of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein using high-resolution mass spectrometry

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause for human age-related dementia, characterised by formation of diffuse plaques in brain that are directly involved in AD pathogenesis. The major component of AD plaques is beta-amyloid, a 40 to 42 amino acid polypeptide derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by proteolytic degradation involving the specific proteases, beta-and gamma-secretase acting at the N- and C- terminal cleavage site, respectively. In this study we have prepared polypeptides comprising the carboxy-terminal and transmembrane sequences of APP, by bacterial expression and chemical synthesis, as substrates for studying the C-terminal processing of APP and its interaction with the gamma-secretase complex. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) was used as a major tool for structure analysis. Immunisation of transgenic mouse models of AD with Abeta42 has been recently shown to be effective to inhibit and disaggregate Abeta-fibrils, and to reduce AD-related neuropathology and memory impairments. However, the mechanism underlying these therapeutic effects has been as yet unclear. Using proteolytic epitope excision from immune complexes in combination with FT-ICR-MS, we identified the epitope recognised by the therapeutically active antibody as the N-terminal Abeta(4-10) sequence; this soluble, nontoxic epitope opens new lead structures for AD vaccine development. A monoclonal antibody (Jonas; JmAb) directed against the cytosolic APP domain was used in studies of APP biochemistry and metabolism. Here we report the identification of the epitope recognised by the JmAb, using the combination of epitope excision and peptide mapping by FT-ICR-MS. The epitope was determined to be located at the C-terminal APP(740-747) sequence; it was confirmed by ELISA binding assays and authentic synthetic peptides and will be an efficient tool in the development of new specific vaccines. These results demonstrate high-resolution FT-ICR-MS as a powerful method for characterising biochemical pathways and molecular recognition structures of APP.